Review for Vitamins

List 5 Basic Functions Vitamins assist with in the body.

Nutrient Metabolism Energy Tissue

Maintenance

Digestion Infection resistance

What are the two main causes of Vitamin deficiency disease?

Insufficient Amount of a Vitamin in the diet.

Failure of the body to absorb a vitamin.

Differences between Water and Fat Soluble Vitamins

Water Soluble

Soluble in water

Excess vitamins are

excreted

Will not build to

toxic level

Fat Soluble

Soluble in fat

Excess vitamins are stored in the

body

Will build up to toxic levels

What form of Vitamin A is provided by plant forms?

• Beta Carotene

• Beta Carotene is a naturally occurring anti oxidant. It is a fat soluble pigment found in plants.

Why do some people not need Vitamin D in their body?

• With exposure to sunlight, the body can make all the vitamin D it needs.

What is the main function of Vitamin E and K?

• Antioxidant• Protects the membranes of

white and red blood cells.E

• Makes proteins needed to coagulate blood.

K

Name three deficiency symptoms shared by all the B vitamins.

• Nausea• Loss of weight• Loss of appetite• Severe Exhaustion• Irritability• Depression• Forgetfulness• Heart problems• Skin problems• Impaired functioning of the immune system

What is the name of the Thiamine deficiency disease?

• Beriberi

List three food sources of Riboflavin

1 •Milk and Milk Products

2 •Enriched and whole grain cereals

3 •Meats•Fish

Why is adequate folate intake especially important to women of childbearing age?

• Women who have inadequate folate intake are more likely to give birth to babies with neural tube damage.

What group of people have an increased needs for vitamin C and why?

• People exposed to SMOKE. This is because smoke increases the destruction of vitamin C in the lungs.

List two ways phytochemcials help prevent heart disease and some cancers.

1. Prompting the body to make enzymes.

• 2. Binding harmful substances

3. Acting as antioxidants

Name three groups of people for whom doctors might recommend vitamin supplements.

• Pregnant

• Breast feeding Women

• Infants

Older adultsPatients recovering from surgery

What is the main difference between the sources of natural vitamins and the sources of synthetic Vitamins?

Extracted from Foods

NV

Made in the labaratory

SV

Give three tips for selecting foods high in Vitamins

Read Nutrition labels

Choose items brighter in colour and ones that have firm texture.

Buy foods that are firmly frozen avoid ones that have a think layer of ice on the sides. This indicates that they have been thawed then refrozen

List five ways to prevent vitamin losses when storing and preparing foods.

Keep freezer temperature at zero degrees or lower to

retain vitamin content.

Store canned foods in a cool,

dry storage area.

Store milk in opaque containers to protect

riboflavin content. Riboflavin is destroyed by

light.

Ripen fresh fruit/veg. at room temperature

away from direct sunlight.

Be sure to wrap cut foods tightly. This

prevents damage by oxidation.

Number of Vitamins

• In total there are 13 Vitamins:

• 9 water soluble (8 B Vitamins and Vitamin K)• 4 fat soluble (A,D, E,K)

What is Pellagra?

• Pellagra is a Niacin deficiency disease.

Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin A• Vitamin D• Vitamin E• Vitamin K

Water Soluble B VitaminsB1

B2

B3

B5

B6