Review

Everything you need to knowfor the 1st Quarter Test

• Any website address is known as a URL. What does URL stand for?

• Universal Resource Locator

• What is the name of the first Internet, before I was called the internet?

• ARPANET

• What does GB stand for?

• GIGABYTE

• The key to good OS design is consistency. Apple completely gets this point with the positioning of the ______ at the bottom and their search function. Microsoft gambled with Windows 8 by removing the _____ ______ and replacing it with tiles.

• Dock

• Start Button / Start Menu

• The purpose of an Operating System is to ensure that a computer behaves in a _________ and _________ manner.

• Flexible

• Predictable

• What is the term used for a local collection of computers sharing information?

• Network

• An OS where hundreds of people can all use the same resource at the same time is called a _______-_______ OS.

• Multi-User

• The main brain of a computer, which does all the thinking.

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• What does LAN stand for?

• LOCAL AREA NETWORK

• You are used to counting in a base-10 system, otherwise known as the __________ system.

• Decimal system, deci- meaning of 10

• The CPU takes ________ from things like the keyboard and mouse and turns them into _______ like words on your screen.

• INPUT / OUTPUT

Keyboard

ASCII Table

Letters on your screen

• The ____________ is the foremost piece of data on a hard drive that tells the BIOS how to load the OS.

• Bootstrap

• What device holds the names of computers with personal addresses so data gets where it needs to go?

• Router

• What are the two most common input devices?

• An OS inside a sealed box is called a _____-_____ OS.

• Real-Time

• This item is where all your long term data storage is saved.

• HARD DRIVE

• What is the protocol that breaks up data for transmission?

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

• The OS manages resources such as the ___ , ___ , and _____ ________ to ensure that all programs get the appropriate amount of resources to function.

• CPU

• RAM

• Hard Drive

• What are the numbers used in binary to represent values of digits?

• 0 and 1

• What is the name of the system that assigns numeric names to computers to make sure data goes to the right places?

• IP Address

• What does ROM stand for?

• READ ONLY MEMORY

• What does RAM stand for?

• RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

• This is what you commonly call a folder. It’s technical name is _________________.

• DIRECTORY

• In binary:

– ___ stands for off

– ___ stands for on

• In binary:

– 0 stands for off

– 1 stands for on

• A byte is represented by what letter?

• A CAPITAL B

• Bytes are counted in what system?

• The metric system

• TCP breaks up data into chunks called _______________.

• Packets

• The visual representation of files and folders in an operating system is called a ___________ ______.

• Directory Tree

• An _________ _________ is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common resources for computer programs.

• Operating System

• Operating Systems allow any number of differently configured sets of ____________ to be run similarly.

• Hardware

• An OS that can only do things one at a time without multi-tasking is called a

_________-______, ______ ______ OS.

• Single-User, Single Task

• How do you convert bits into bytes?

• There are 8 bits in a byte, so to convert bits to bytes you..

• DIVIDE BY EIGHT!

• 48 megabits = 6 megabytes

• 48/8 = 6

• This is a resource for storing information, that a program can access.

• FILE

– Image.jpg = A resource for storing picture information.

– Photoshop.exe = A resource for storing a program– Lolwut.html = A resource for storing a web page.

• The way a user interacts with an Operating System is through a ____________ _______ _____________.

• Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• A three or four letter appendage to the end of a file is called its _________________ and allows it to be correctly paired with the program that should be opening it.

• EXTENSION

• What base is binary?

• Binary is BASE-2

• The only numbers are 0 and 1.• That’s two numbers, so base-2.

• A bit is represented by what letter?

• Lowercase b

• The API stands for ________ ___________ _________ and allows a consistent way to code a program for the OS.

• Application Programming Interface

• The piece of a computer that everything else connects into. It allows all the pieces to talk to each other to make things happen.

• Motherboard

• How fast is my download speed in megabytes per second if my download speed is 64 megabits per second?

• Divide by 8 to convert megabits into megabytes.

• 64/8 = 8

• 8MB/sec

• POST stands for ______ ______ ______ _____ and it is a series of tests the motherboard performs on itself before booting.

• Power On Self Test

• What is the name of the server that turns hostnames like www.google.com into an IP address?

• DNS (Domain Name System)

• The term used for the time in milliseconds for a packet to get to a destination and back.

• Ping

• A ______ is a unit comprised of 8 bits.

• 8 bits make a byte

• What does CPU stand for?

• Central Processing Unit

• Can you name three common types of filename extensions?

• .doc, .xls, .ppt, .exe, .pdf, .jpg, .gif, .html, etc.

• The company that provides you internet is called an ________ ____________ _________

• Internet Service Provider

• What does TB stand for?

• Terabyte

• The topmost folder that every other folder is stored in. Its name varies from computer to computer, but it’s true name is the ______ _____________.

• Root directory

• What is the standard language for websites?

• HTML– (Hypertext Markup Language)