results section in scientific manuscripts

8/6/2019 Results Section in Scientific Manuscripts

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Results Section

in Scientific Manuscripts

0

20

40

60

80

Developing

Writing

Developing

Research

Skills

Developing

Reading

Enriching

Vocabulary

SA

A

U

D

SD

0

10

20

30

40

Blogging Chatting Searching

Resources

Sending

files

Never

Sometimes

Often

Usually


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What to write in Results Section

Results are general statements that present thekey results (data) of the research withoutinterpreting their meaning, including results of

statistical analyses (rejection or acceptance of thenull and alternative hypothesis )

The information included is not the raw data, butthe ones presented as text, illustrations(chart,

graphs) and tables (these three forms may beused, but the same data should not be repeatedin more than one form).


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Guidelines in writing the Results Section

1. It is not necessary to include all the collected data during the research. This isn't a diary.Select and emphasize only important and relevant data that will answer the question or

solve the problem raised in the Introduction section.

2. Do not include information properly belonging to other sections of the paper such asMaterials and Methods, or Discussions (if Results and Discussions are separated).

3. Prevent repeating the legends for figures or the titles of tables in the text.

4. Explain in the text only those illustrations and tables whose significance is not obvious tothe reader. Important features that are readily apparent from the illustrations and tables

should be pointed out in the text. Therefore, do not repeat the data presented in theillustrations and tables.

5. Be sure that the text, illustrations, and tables are consistent with one another. Make surethat all numerical values in all every table agree with the figures or data presented in it.

6. Analyze your data by statistical methods, if appropriate.

7. Be honest. Do not omit data that do not support your hypothesis and conclusion or do

not answer the research question.

8. A sentence should not begin with a numeral or symbol. A numeral or symbol beginning asentence should be spelled out, or the sentence rewritten.

9. Use the past tense of verbs in the Results section, but use the present tense whenreferring to figures and tables.


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Collected Data (n= 54)

No STATEMENTS

RESPONSES

SA A N D SD

1 Grammar plays an important role in the

study of English. 38 13 0 3 0

2 The knowledge of English grammar is

indispensable for using the language to

communicate.4 12 4 18 16

3 It is possible to speak English well

without any grammatical knowledge

30 10 8 3 3

4 It is possible to write English well without

any grammatical knowledge0 7 14 14 19


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Processed & Tabulated Data (n= 54)

No STATEMENTS

RESPONSES

XSA A N D SD

f (%) f (%) f (%) f (%) f (%)

1 Grammar plays an important role in the

study of English. 38 (70) 13 (25) 0 (0) 3 (5) 0 (0) 4.59



communicate.4 (7) 12 (23) 4 (7) 18 (33) 16 (30) 2.44

3 It is possible to speak English well

without any grammatical knowledge

30 (56) 10 (18) 8 (16) 3 (5) 3 (5) 4.12

4 It is possible to write English well

without any grammatical knowledge0 7 (13) 14 (26) 14 (26) 19 (35) 2.16


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Stating Data into Words (1)

No STATEMENTSRESPONSES

XSA A N D SD

f (%) f (%) f (%) f (%) f (%)

1 Grammar plays an important role in

the study of English. 38 (70) 13 (25) 0 (0) 3 (5) 0 (0) 4.59

The distribution of the respondents view (as shown in item 1 of

table 1 above) revealed that the students view on the

importance of grammar in English learning and use was very

high. The findings denoted that 70% of the respondentsstrongly agreed, 25% agreed; and only the rest 8% disagreed.

The average obtained for this particular point is 4.59 on a scale

from 1 to 5.


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XSA A N D SD

f (%) f (%) f (%) f (%) f (%)



communicate.

4 (7) 12 (23) 4 (7) 18 (33) 16 (30) 2.44

The findings related to the students view on the importance of grammar in

communication revealed that to 63% of the respondents viewed grammar

does not play an important role in the use of English to communicate. Only

7% of them strongly agreed and 23% agreed that the knowledge of English

grammar is indispensable for using the language to communicate. This is inline with the average of 4.12 (on a scale from 1 to 5) obtained from their

affirmation to the possibility of speaking well in English without grammatical

knowledge (see item 2 of table 1 above).



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XSA A N D SD

f (%) f (%) f (%) f (%) f (%)

4 It is possible to write English well

without any grammatical knowledge 0 7 (13) 14 (26) 14 (26) 19 (35) 2.16

The distribution of the respondents view on the possibility of

writing well in English without mastering the grammar denoted

that 61% of the respondents strongly disagreed and disagreed

that it is possible to write well in English without mastering thegrammar. Only 13% of them viewed it is possible to write well

without mastering the grammar. This is strengthened by the

low average, i.e. 2.16 obtained from this response.


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No STATEMENTS 18-29 y.o. 30-49 y.o. 50-64 y.o. 65 y.o.yes no yes no yes no yes no

1. Do you attend worship services

at least once a week ?

1,340 2,902 4,256 7,567 4,193 6,291 4,317 3,829

2. Do you read the Scripture at least

once a week ?

1,145 3,097 3,901 7,922 3,879 6,605 3,502 4,644

3. Do you pray every day? 2,036 2,206 6,620 5,203 6,395 4,089 5,539 2,607

4. Do you think religion very

important in your life?

1,908 2,334 6,384 5,439 6,185 4,299 5,620 2,526

5. Do you really believe in Gods

existence?

2714 1,528 8,394 3,429 7,653 2,831 6,272 1,874

A survey about religious life was conducted in USA in 2007. The 35,556

respondents were classified into four age-groups. First, those of 18-29 years old (4,242

persons); second, 30-49 years old (11,823 persons); third, 50-64 years old (10,484

persons); and fourth, 65 years old or more (8,146 persons). The responses obtained

are presented in the table below.

Use the data to write the results section of a scientific manuscript. You need to

process the data before presenting them in words.

results section in scientific manuscripts

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