Results of the French Revolution for Results of the French Revolution for FranceFrance

The ideas of DEMOCRACY and NATIONALISM were “unleashed”:

I. Spread of democratic ideas

motto of the revolution:

“liberty, equality, fraternity”

A. Liberty

1. freedom from absolute rule

2. freedom from unfair economic restrictions

3. freedom of speech, press, religion, etc.

Results of the French Revolution for Results of the French Revolution for FranceFrance

I. Spread of DEMOCRATIC ideas

B. Equality – equal treatment before

the law

C. Fraternity - brotherhood of all

people working together to make a

better world

Results of the French Revolution for Results of the French Revolution for FranceFrance

II. II. NationalismNationalismA.A. Citizen armies to Citizen armies to

defend the nationdefend the nation

B. National AnthemsB. National Anthems

C. National holidaysC. National holidays

Bastille Day, July 14Bastille Day, July 14

D. State controlledD. State controlled

educationeducation

Marseillaise

The ideals of the French Revolution and the

Napoleonic Era spread to other nations.

Napoleon’s domination of conquered nations

does lead to the question…was Napoleon

a hero or a tyrant?

Napoleonic Era Helps Napoleonic Era Helps Influence Other NationsInfluence Other Nations

HOW?HOW? Planted Seeds of RevolutionPlanted Seeds of Revolution

* Equality and freedom* Equality and freedom* Ended abuses of feudalism/serfdom* Ended abuses of feudalism/serfdom* Introduced Code of Napoleon* Introduced Code of Napoleon* Encouraged state controlled education* Encouraged state controlled education* Introduced constitutions to conquered * Introduced constitutions to conquered nationsnations

Napoleonic Era Helps Napoleonic Era Helps Influence Other NationsInfluence Other Nations

WHERE?

Europe* Changed the Map of EuropeChanged the Map of Europe

* Reduced the number of German states from * Reduced the number of German states from 100 to 39100 to 39

* Ended Austrian domination of German states* Ended Austrian domination of German states

* Greek Independence – 1829* Greek Independence – 1829

* Belgium – 1830* Belgium – 1830

Napoleonic Era Helps Napoleonic Era Helps Influence Other NationsInfluence Other Nations

WHERE?WHERE?Latin America:

1. Haiti – 1804

2. Argentina & Chile – 1816, 1817 (Jose San Martin)

3. Venezuela – 1819 (Simon Bolivar)

4. Mexico – 1821 (Jose Morelos, Miguel Hidalgo)

5. Santo Domingo – 1821

* Spain no longer controlled land in Latin America after 1824

…forced removal of Ferdinand VII from the Spanish thrown and his replacement by Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother…

Napoleonic Era Helps Napoleonic Era Helps Influence Other NationsInfluence Other Nations

Napoleon’s Legacy of War/EmpireNapoleon’s Legacy of War/Empire

A. Promoted militarismA. Promoted militarism

B. Aroused nationalismB. Aroused nationalism

C. Caused widespread destruction/loss C. Caused widespread destruction/loss of lifeof life

D. Taxed conquered people heavilyD. Taxed conquered people heavily

E. Set example as 1E. Set example as 1stst modern dictator modern dictator

Napoleon - Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant?Hero or Tyrant?

Did Napoleon destroy or preserve the Did Napoleon destroy or preserve the French Revolution?French Revolution?

1. Ruled as an ABSOLUTE MONARCH1. Ruled as an ABSOLUTE MONARCH(Isn’t this what the Bourbons were?)

2. Provided an efficient government2. Provided an efficient government(Isn’t this what Louis XVI was NOT?)

3. Furthered revolutionary principles of equality3. Furthered revolutionary principles of equality(Isn’t this the reason for the Revolution?)

Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant?Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant?

REFORMSREFORMS1. Centralized local government to strengthen his control on 1. Centralized local government to strengthen his control on

the country (appointed governors, mayors, judges, the country (appointed governors, mayors, judges, police heads) Even today, France still has a highly police heads) Even today, France still has a highly centralized government.centralized government.

…hmmm, a strong leader?.....

2. Set up a system of state controlled education (uniform 2. Set up a system of state controlled education (uniform for all, built new schools, promoted French Nationalism)for all, built new schools, promoted French Nationalism)

…hmmm, equality for all?.....

Remember the main question here: Did Napoleon destroy or Remember the main question here: Did Napoleon destroy or preserve the French Revolution?preserve the French Revolution?

A centralized government is the form of government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject.

Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant?Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant?

REFORMSREFORMS3. Guaranteed religious toleration3. Guaranteed religious toleration

…something the people wanted….

4. Concordat of 1801 (re-established friendly 4. Concordat of 1801 (re-established friendly relations with the church)relations with the church)a. State paid clergy salariesa. State paid clergy salariesb. Church surrendered lands taken during the b. Church surrendered lands taken during the revolutionrevolutionc. Bishops nominated by State & Pope approvesc. Bishops nominated by State & Pope approves

…exactly how is this good for the church?....

Napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the Catholic Church that had developed after the confiscation of Church property and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.

But, Napoleon’s clear intent was to use the clergy to prop up his regime.

* Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority of Frenchmen.

* Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution.* Bishops subservient to the regime.* Eventually, Pope Pius VII renounced the Concordat, and

Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under house arrest.

REFORMSREFORMS5. The Code of Napoleon5. The Code of Napoleon

a. equal treatment before the a. equal treatment before the lawlaw

b. abolished b. abolished serfdom/feudalismserfdom/feudalism

c. granted trial by juryc. granted trial by jury

d. religious tolerationd. religious toleration…let’s see – equality and freedom/liberty…

The Napoleonic Code, (French Civil Code), established under Napoléon. It was drafted rapidly by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on March 21, 1804. Even though the Napoleonic code was not the first legal code to be established in a European country with a civil legal system, it is considered the first successful one and strongly influenced the law of many other countries. The Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in establishing the rule of law. Historians have called it “one of the few documents which have influenced the whole world."

Napoleon - Hero or Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant?Tyrant?

Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant?Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant?

REFORMSREFORMS6. Improved France’s infrastructure6. Improved France’s infrastructure

* built roads, bridges, canals, harbors and public * built roads, bridges, canals, harbors and public works – works – he beautified Parishe beautified Paris

…made people proud of their country – Nationalism…

7. Improved the Economy7. Improved the Economya. created the Bank of France to maintain a. created the Bank of France to maintain

sound currencysound currencyb. collected taxes fairly/efficientlyb. collected taxes fairly/efficientlyc. paid the government debtsc. paid the government debts

…hmmm, ran an efficient government…who wants that?...

NapoleonNapoleonHero or Hero or Tyrant?Tyrant?