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REST

Representational State Transfer

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whoami

Colin Harrington [email protected] [email protected]

http://colinharrington.net@ColinHarrington
http://twitter.com/#%21/ColinHarringtonhttp://twitter.com/#%21/ColinHarringtonhttp://colinharrington.net/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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History

HTTP:: HyperText Transfer ProtocolTim Berners-Lee:: 1990sFoundations of theWeb

OSILayer 7Application Layer

Protocol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_7:_application_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_7:_application_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_modelhttp://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/AsImplemented.htmlhttp://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol

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History

REST:: Representational State Transfer2000 Doctoral Dissertation by Roy T. Fieldinghttp://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm

"Roy Thomas Fielding(born 1965) is an Americancomputer

scientist[1], one of the principal authors of the HTTPspecification, an

authority on computer networkarchitecture[2]and co-founder of the

Apache HTTP Server

project."(Wikipedia)

http://roy.gbiv.com/@fielding
http://roy.gbiv.com/http://roy.gbiv.com/http://roy.gbiv.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fielding#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fielding#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPhttp://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htmhttp://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htmhttp://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htmhttp://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htmhttp://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fieldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fieldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fieldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transferhttp://twitter.com/#%21/fieldinghttp://roy.gbiv.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fieldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fielding#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fielding#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_Americahttp://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Fieldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer

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History - REST

Architecture:Client-Server Stateless + CacheableUniform Interface + Layerable

Data:Resources, identifiers & metadataRepresentation & metadataControl Data { headers }

Elements: {clients, server, resolver, cache}Gateways, proxies, user agentsURL, URI, Schemes

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REST

REST is a buzzword and a movement but it symbolizes a coherentusage of the web (HTTP) as it was designed

REST ~ HTTP done right.

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Resources

Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI)

:

ftp://example.org/resource.txt urn:issn:1535-3613

mailto:[email protected]

Uniform Resource Locator(URL)

scheme://domain:port/path?query_string

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HTTP Methods/Verbs

HEAD, GET, OPTIONS => considered "safe"PUT, POST, DELETE => possibly destructiveTRACE, DEBUG => Considered harmful

curl -v http://www.google.com

GET / HTTP/1.1User-Agent: curl/7.21.0Host: www.google.com

Accept: */*
http://www.google.com/

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Accept Headers :: Client

GET / HTTP/1.1User-Agent: curl/7.21.0Host: www.google.com

Accept: */*

Accept: application/xml

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8,application/json

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HTTP Status Codes

200- OK301- Moved permanently302- Moved temporarily404- Not Found

500http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2011 16:07:53 GMT

Expires: -1

Cache-Control: private, max-age=0

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html

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http://homestarrunner.com/404d

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Representations

XML

JSON

HTML

XHTML

RDF

Text

Custom Formats

JSON Example{ "firstName": "John", "lastName" : "Smith", "age" : 25, "address" : { "streetAddress": "21 2nd Street", "city" : "New York",

"state" : "NY", "postalCode" : "10021" }, "phoneNumber": [ { "type" : "home", "number": "212 555-1234" },

{ "type" : "fax", "number": "646 555-4567" } ]}
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON#Data_types.2C_syntax_and_examplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON#Data_types.2C_syntax_and_examplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON#Data_types.2C_syntax_and_examplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON#Data_types.2C_syntax_and_examplehttp://www.w3.org/RDF/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONhttp://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_whatis.asp

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Content Negotiation

Request:

Accept Header

Accept: application/xml

Accept-LanguageAccept-Encoding

Response:Content-Type: text/json

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8,application/json

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Cacheability

HTTP Cache Headers

Expires

Cache-Control

ETag Last-Modified

Pragma no-cacheProxy & Network path.

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CRUD

Create :: POST

Read :: GET

Update :: PUT

Delete :: DELETE

* http://stackoverflow.com/questions/630453/put-vs-post-in-rest
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/630453/put-vs-post-in-rest

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Hypermedia

Linkingto other resources / media

HTML documents, resources

loosely coupledImages, CSS, favicon, etc.

Like this image ->http://cuip.uchicago.edu/~cac/images/Hypermedia.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermedia

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Who

http://www.programmableweb.com/Amazon Web Services {S3, EC2, SQS, RDS, FPS, etc.}

Just to name a few...
http://www.programmableweb.com/

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Resources

This guy explains REST in to his non-technical wife:http://tomayko.com/writings/rest-to-my-wife

Good article on how to REST with curl:http://blogs.plexibus.com/2009/01/15/rest-esting-with-curl/

Poster -- the Firefox plugin:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/poster/

You'd probably learn best by actually making some RESTful

calls. Pick a service that is free and RESTfuland play around with it. I'recommend using http://www.twilio.com/just because they offer you$30 in free credit and you get to make, receive and control real phonecalls.
http://www.twilio.com/https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/poster/http://blogs.plexibus.com/2009/01/15/rest-esting-with-curl/http://tomayko.com/writings/rest-to-my-wifehttp://www.twilio.com/https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/poster/http://blogs.plexibus.com/2009/01/15/rest-esting-with-curl/http://tomayko.com/writings/rest-to-my-wife

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Thank You

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