respiration form 3 ppt
TRANSCRIPT
8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT
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RESPIRATION
8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT
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• Respiration = chemical process whereby
energy is released from glucose or other
simple substances
• Oxygen taken into body when we breathe• Glucose from food we eat
• Exchange of gases known as breathing
Human breathing mechanism
Glucose + oxygen energy + carbon dioxide + water
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tructure of human respiratory
system
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tructure of lung
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• !ungs are made up of "
# bronchioles
# $l%eoli &singular " al%eolus'
# (lood capilaries
• !ungs are protected by rib cage
• )horacic ca%ity = houses of the lung
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*low of air from the atmosphere to
the lungs
$l%eolus
ostril
(ronchiole
(ronchus
)rachea
asal ca%ity
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• Gaseous exchange takes place in the
lungs by diffusion
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• $n al%eolus has adaptations to allow it to
exchange gases effecti%ely, -t has"
# !arge surface area
# )hin and elastic walls
# urround by a network of blood capillaries
# .oist surface
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• /rocess of taking air into lung = inhalation
• $ir enter lung = inhaled air
• /rocess of expelling air from lung =exhalation
• $ir expelled from lung = exhaled air
)he breathing mechanism
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-nhalation
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Exhalation
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-nhalation Exhalation
External intercostal
muscles contract
External intercostal
muscles relax
Rib cage mo%es upwardsand outwards
Rib cage mo%esdownwards and inwards
)he diaphragm contractsand flattens
)he diaphragm relaxesand cur%es upwards
)he %olume of thethoracic ca%ity increase
)he %olume of thethoracic ca%ity decrease
)he air pressure in thethoracic ca%ity decreases
)he air pressure in thethoracic ca%ity increases
$ir enters the lungs $ir is forced out of the
lungs
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)he breathing mechanism
(alloon expand (alloon contract
(ell 0ar
Glass tube
Rubber sheet
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• (ell 0ar = rib cage
• (alloons = lungs• Rubber sheet = diaphragm
• 1hen rubber sheet is pulled downwards2 air
pressure inside bell 0ar is lowered, (alloonsexpand
• 1hen rubber sheet is pulled upwards2 air
pressure inside bell 0ar increased, (alloonscontract
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)ransport of oxygen in the human
body
• -n%ol%e the following process
# 3iffusion of oxygen from the al%eoli into blood
capillaries
# )ransport of oxygen by red blood cells # 3iffusion of oxygen from the blood capillaries into
cells
• Oxygen # diffuse from al%eoli to the blood
capillary• 4arbon dioxide 5 diffuse from blood capillary to
the al%eoli
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• Oxyigen are not soluble in red blood cell
• red blood cell contain pigment 5 haemoglobin
red in coloured
• Oxygen will combine with haemoglobin
• Haemoglobin + O6 57 O6Hb&oxyhaemoglobin'
- t f h lth i t
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-mportance of healthy respiratory
system
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Effect of smoke to respiratory
system
• 4igarette smoke contains irritants chemical "
• $ carcinogen 5 an agent directly in%ol%ed in
causing cancer,
• icotine # cause addicted
• 4arbon monoxide # cause death
• ulfur oxide # acidic = damages lung tissues
• )ar # blackens the lungs and causes them to beless efficient for gaseous exchange
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(ahan # bahan lain yang
merbahaya
• Hasil daripada sisa industri seperti"
# 3ebu simen
# 3ebu arang
# 3ebu asbestos
• /encemaran daripada asap kenderaan8
# 9arbon monoksida
# Hidrokarbon5 karsinogenik
# itrogen oksida # hu0an asid
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.asalah pernafasan
• Bronkitis 5 se0enis keradangan atau
kerengsaan pada saluran pernafasan &tiub
bronkiul' di dalam paru5paru,
• $sma 5 se0enis penyakit paru5paru yang
ter0adi akibat radang dan penguncupan
saluran pernafasan,
• 9anser paru 5 paru