resistance breeding in cherries goals and results...cost meeting pitrsti, romania, 15. -17.10.2013...

www.jki.bund.de

Resistance breeding in cherries – goals and results

Mirko Schuster Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops

COST meeting Pitrsti, Romania, 15. -17.10.2013

www.jki.bund.de

Resistance breeding

Main biotic diseases

Virus diseases

Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus (PNRV)

Cherry Leaf Roll Virus (CLRV)

Prunus Dwarf Virus (PDV)

- Testing of cultivar collection at periodic intervals

- Testing of breeding clones

no breeding activitis


www.jki.bund.de

Resistance breeding


Bacterial canker Pseudomonas ssp. - some cultivars have a higher susceptibility (e.g. Naprumi, Staccato, Prime Giant)

- no known resistance donors

- only preventive actions (training and pruning system)

no breeding activities


www.jki.bund.de

Resistance breeding


Cherry leaf spot Blumeriella jaapii

- Common in Europe

- Leaf drop after infection in late summer

- Most sour cherry cultivars are susceptible

- Sweet cherries are more tolerant

- Screening for resistant donors

breeding activities


www.jki.bund.de

Monilia blossom blight / fruit rot Monilinia laxa

- Main focus in sour cherries

- Screening of cultivars and Prunus species

- Evaluation of clones and cultivars

first segregating populations in sour cherry

Resistance breeding



www.jki.bund.de

Resistance breeding

Main goals

What we have to do?

Screening for new resistant donors

Development of rating scales

Development of artificial inoculation tests / methods

Creation of cross populations for breeding and genetic analysis

Selection of resistant breeding material

Development of molecular markers


www.jki.bund.de

Studies on fungal resistance at Dresden-Pillnitz

Cherry leaf spot, Blumeriella jaapii Monilia blossom blight, Monilia laxa

Resistance breeding


www.jki.bund.de

Evaluation in the field

Leaf spot resistance

Gerema Schattenmorelle

Coralin

Prunus maackii

Ujfehertoi fürtös Prunus canescens

Sunburst

Sept. 2006


www.jki.bund.de

Acervuli with conidia on the lower leaf surface

Acervuli with conidia (Hochapfel, 1952)

Infected cherry leaf

Artificial inoculation test - Inoculum



www.jki.bund.de

Dry infected leaves in a wet chamber after 1 day

Lower site of leaf with acervuli

Conidia suspension

Artificial inoculation test - Inoculum


105 conidia/ml


www.jki.bund.de

susceptible – resistant genotypes

Artificial inoculation test



www.jki.bund.de

P. canescens (2x)

P. maackii (4x) P. nipponica (2x)

P. kurilensis (2x)

P. insisa (2x)

P. subhirtella (2x)

P. serrulata (2x)

P. sargentii (2x)

P. avium (2x)

P. fruticosa (4x)

P. cerasus (4x)

P. dawyckensis (2x)

Prunus cherry species - resistant to Cherry leaf spot, B. jaapii

resistant Prunus species (8 species)

susceptible Prunus species (4 species)

Leaf spot resistance – Interspecific hybridization


www.jki.bund.de

clone 18,167 (P. avium x P. canescens)

P. canescens (2n=2x=16)

Leaf spot resistance – Sweet cherry


www.jki.bund.de

Development of new breeding material 2x



www.jki.bund.de

F2 population: 'Namati' x clone 18,167


Segregation: resistant : susceptible 1 : 1 (41 : 39) one dominant resistance gene


www.jki.bund.de

Outlook:

using of the best resistant genotypes in for the cherry breeding searching for molecular marker for the LS resistance from P. canescens cooperation with Amy Iezzoni, MSU, East Lansing



www.jki.bund.de

Donor for resistance - P. maackii (Manchurian cherry)

Leaf spot resistance – Sour cherry


www.jki.bund.de 15.09.2004 15.09.2004

P. maackii resistant

'Schattenmorelle' susceptible

X

Starting cross combination



www.jki.bund.de 21.08.2008

16.09.2009 16.09.2009

21.08.2008

DK2,3,105 – 'Schattenmorelle' x P. maackii DK2,3,106 – 'Schattenmorelle' x P. maackii

resistant resistant

F1 progenies



www.jki.bund.de

F2-populations:

clon 3,105 (P. cerasus x P. maackii) x 'Fanal' clon 3,106 (P. cerasus x P. maackii) x 'Fanal' 'Schattenmorelle' x clon 3,105 'Schattenmorelle' x clon 3,106

F2 populations


www.jki.bund.de

2001

2006

2009

Development of breeding material 4x



www.jki.bund.de COST meeting Pitrsti, Romania, 15. -17.10.2013 F2 populations segregated in resistant and susceptible genotypes

F2 populations


Segregation (2009-2010): resistant : susceptible 1 : 1 one dominant resistance gene

www.jki.bund.de

Hypersensitive reaction / defoliation DK1,5,45 (clone 3,105 x Fanal)

LS r-type - 2N! LS r-distrib. - 7

Hypersensitive resistance reaction type


www.jki.bund.de

Resistance breeding - sour cherry

Monilia blossom blight (Monilinia laxa)


www.jki.bund.de

Monilia blossom blight – Sour cherry

Unsprayed / unprotected sour cherry collection

Spring

Autumn


www.jki.bund.de

scale: 3 – Jade 4 – Achat 5 – Köröser G.

Rating scale (1 – 9)

scale: 7 – Ciganus 8 – Mari Timpurii 9 – F5,12,100



www.jki.bund.de = 17 cultivars = 33 cultivars

= 9 cultivars

SorteMonilia

1 - 9

Ciganus 59 7

Debr. bötermö 7

Kantorjanosi 7

Karneol 7

Korai Pipacsmeggy 7

Korund 7

P. kurilensis 7

Mari Timpuri 8

Oblacinska 8

Pamjatch Vavilova 8

Spinell 8

Topas 8

Vowi 8

P. canenscens Pill 8

P. canescens EM 8

Hartei 8

Favorit 8

Korall 8

P. sargentii 'Klon 34' 8,5

Schirpotreb 8,5

Dropia 9

E1,3,33 9

F5, 12,100 9

F5, 13,122 9

Gerema 9

Kistiewa 9

Meteor korai 9

Pitic de Dragoslaven 9

Pitic de Jasi 9

Rubellit 9

Shukowskaja 9

Turgenjeva 9

Schattenmorelle 9

Haaks Dunkelsaftige 9

Nana 9

Paljus 9

Almas 9

SorteMonilia

1 - 9

Morina 6

Pieraszt 6

Safir 6

Tarina 6

Fanal 6

Hartaer 6

Ludwigs Frühe 6

Leopolds Kirsche 6

Lara 6

SorteMonilia

1 - 9

Krupnoplodnaja 1

Tschernokorka 1

Namati 1

P. avium 'Napoleon' 1

P. incisa 1

P. maackii 2

P. serrulata var. spontanea 2

P. incisa 'Incana' 2

P. dawyckensis 2

Wischnja 2,5

Jade 3

Schwäbische Weinweichel 3

Studenskaja 3

Naprumi 3

Sunburst 3

Vinka 3

P. avium 'Charger' 3

P. nipponica 3

Leitzkauer 3

Pandy 2 3

Tschernokorka 3

Timpurii de Pites. 3

Ferracida 3,5

Achat 4

Erdi nagy gymösteü 4

Eugenie imperatrice 4

Röhrigs Weichsel 4

Csengödi 4,5

Köröser Gierstädt 5

Ujfehertoi fürtös 5

Tolerant cultivars: Jade Schwäbische Weinw. Achat Ujfehertoi fürtös Morina Safir Fanal

Monilia blossom blight Results sour cherry collection

Susceptible cultivars: Vowi Oblacinska Favorit Gerema Schattenmorelle Meteor korai

= 33 cultivars COST meeting Pitrsti, Romania, 15. -17.10.2013

www.jki.bund.de

Susceptible – Monilia-blossom blight ( + )

Unclear (few symptoms) – Monilia-blossom blight ( 0 )

Resistant – Monilia-blossom blight ( - )

Monilia blossom blight Evaluation of seedling populations (2010 – 2013)

Schattenmorelle x Schwäbische Weinweichsel

Morina x Schattenmorelle

Morina x Schwäbische Weinweichsel

Morina x Stevnsbear Birgitte

Morina x Stevnsbear Viki

Jade x Stevnsbear Viki

Ujfehertoi fürtös x Stevensbear 'Viki'

Gerema x Schwäbische Weinweichsel


www.jki.bund.de

Results of evaluation Monilia-bloosom blight 2010+2011

Description: resistant susceptible tolerant ?

Segregationtotal resistant susceptible tolerant r : a : ?

Schattenmorelle x Schwäbische Weinw. 108 37 36 35 1 : 1 : 1

Morina x Schattenmorelle 64 19 28 17 1 : 1 : 1

Morina x Schwäbische W. 153 75 35 43 2 : 1 : 1

Morina x Stevnsbear Birgitte 92 36 17 39 2 : 1 : 2

Morina x Stevnsbear Viki 101 35 32 34 1 : 1 : 1

Jade x Stevnsbear Viki 104 66 12 26 2 : 1 : 1

Ujfehertoi fürtös x Stevensbear 'Viki' 195 66 78 51 1 : 1 : 1

Gerema x Schwäbische Weinw. 108 37 36 35 1 : 1 : 1

Combinationnumber of trees

Monilia blossom blight Evaluation of seedling populations (2010 – 2011)


www.jki.bund.de

Development of an efficient evaluation system in the field and in greenhouse

Development of artificial inoculations tests (laboratory, field)

Investigation to an possible influence of the blooming time on Monilia infection

genetic studies to the resistance / tolerance to Monilia blossom blight

• Evaluation in the field

• Artificial inoculation tests

A - flower-/scion inoculation test (laboratory)

B - scion inoculation test (orchard)

Goals for Monilia resistance breeding



www.jki.bund.de

What can we do together in cherry resistance breeding?


www.jki.bund.de

Thank you for your attantion COST meeting Pitrsti, Romania, 15. -17.10.2013

resistance breeding in cherries goals and results...cost meeting pitrsti, romania, 15. -17.10.2013...

Documents