resilience thinking
TRANSCRIPT
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RESILIENCE THINKING EMBRACING CHANGE, TRANSFORMING THE CITY ILASA INDABA
EDNA PERES
2014
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A GLOBAL SYSTEM IN CRISIS
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RESILIENCE
LENSES
RESILIENCE
LENSES
RESILIENCE LENS - A PERSPECTIVE FOR TACKLING UNPRECIDENTED CHALLENGES
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RESILIENCE
?
RESILIENCE (noun)
1. The mental ability to recover
quickly from depression, illness or
misfortune
2. The physical property of material
that can resume its shape after
being stretched or deformed;
elasticity
3. The positive ability of a system
or company to adapt itself to the
consequences of a catastrophic
failure.
WHAT IS
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ITS EARLY BEGINNINGS…
“…[it is] our responsibility to deal more kindly with one
another and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the
only home we've ever known”
Carl Sagan
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1960s LIMITS TO GROWTH…
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SOCIAL ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
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CLASSIC SUSTAINABILITY MODEL
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SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
ENVIRO
NMENT
AL 7
REALITY…
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ENVIRONMENTAL
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ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
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ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY
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BACKGROUND TO RESILIENCE 1960s - along with sustainability and systems thinking, resilience emerges in ecological studies
1973 – Ecologist, Crawford Holling introduces resilience as an equilibrist descriptive ecological term (also
used in engineering resilience)
1975 – Anthropology
1986 onwards – Environmental Psychology, human geography, management, property- and human sciences
2005 – “Bounce-back-ability” of cities (Vale & Campanella)
2009 – Evolutionary resilience (Scheffer)
2010 – Social-Ecological resilience (Folke)
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CURRENT TRENDS
“The concept of resilience is one of the most important research topics in the context of achieving
sustainability” (Perrings et al. 1995, Kates et al. 2001, Foley et al. 2005)
Making cities more resilient to climate change ... An exploration of good practices and policy examples
from Latin Ameria, and an exchange of experience from other countries, in relation to making cities more
resilient to climate change. ELLA – Latin America
BUT HOW DOES RESILIENCE MANIFEST WITHIN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT?
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RESILIENCE
? ENGINEERING
EMERGENCIES
ECOLOGY
SYSTEMS
PSYCHOLOGY
BUSINESS
And….
BUILDINGS
1970’S
URBAN RESILIENCE HAS POTENTIAL TO
COMBINE ALL OF THESE ASPECTS OF RESILIENCE
BY
STRENGTHENING POSITIVE PARTS
OF THE CITY SYSTEM THAT NEED TO BE MORE RESILIENT
AND
DECREASING RESILIENCE IN THOSE THAT ARE
NEGATIVELY AFFECTING THE CITY SYSTEM
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URBAN RESILIENCE THINKING CORE IDEAS: Value neutral concept that represents the strength and weakness of a system, to help us make decisions on how to navigate (and hopefully thrive in) an uncertain future. Resilience is neither good or bad: perceiving something to be good or bad, comes down to our collective values, morals and ethics, not resilience.
SO LET’S DIVE IN!
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ECOLOGICAL WORLDVIEW
“THE IDEA OF AN INTERDEPENDENT AND INTERCONNECTED LIVING WORLD
IN WHICH HUMANS ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF NATURE AND PART OF THE
PROCESSES OF COCREATION AND CO-EVOLUTION THAT SHAPE THE WORLD”
(DU PLESSIS, 2011)
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LIVING SYSTEMS
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SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM
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HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN SYSTEMS IN PARTNERSHIP
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SPECIFIC
RESILIENCE
GENERAL
RESILIENCE
URBAN RESILIENCE
?
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MULTI-SCALE
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Gunderson & Holling (2002) 20
PANARCHY
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Image: http://news.noahraford.com/?p=648
TH
E P
HA
SE
S O
F T
HE
AD
AP
TIV
E C
YC
LE -
HO
LLIN
G (
1986
)
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ADAPTIVE CYCLE
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REORGANISATION
GROWTH RELEASE
CONSERVATION
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IDENTIFY LEVERAGE POINTS IN THE SYSTEM FOR
EXPERIEMENTATION LEVERAGE POINTS + EXPERIMENTATION
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Residential Industry Green Commerce
Shack Pavement Seamstress Window box
Townhouse Cooperative Garden Spaza shop
Mansion Factory Local park Formal shop
Apt. building Multinational Reserve Chain
FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY
Chrisna du Plessis (2009)
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Informal-Formal Continuum
•Regulation/Governance
•Networks
•Built form
Diversity and population
Adaption rate
Time to establish
Time (adaption rate)
Siz
e or
Sca
le
Shopping Centre
Township retailer
Spaza/tuck shops
Street Trader
Mobile street trader
High
Low
High
Low
Sou
rce:
Ada
pted
from
Elm
qvis
t et a
l., 2
003
By
Alb
ert F
erre
ira 2
013
RETAIL RESPONSE DIVERSITY
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FORM + TYPOLOGY
ADAPTIVE VS. INFLEXIBLE
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ALLOW FOR EVOLUTION
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THE STORY OF PLACE
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TRANSFORM IN RESPONSE TO THESE CIRCUMSTANCES IN ORDER TO
MAINTAIN OR IMPROVE ITS INTEGRITY. [PERES]
THE RESILIENCE STORY OF PLACE
….THE CAPACITY OF A SYSTEM, ENTERPRISE, OR A PERSON TO MAINTAIN ITS
CORE PURPOSE AND INTEGRITY IN THE FACE OF DRAMATICALLY CHANGED
CIRCUMSTANCES…[ZOLLI] OR
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EMBRACE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
MACHINARIUM BY HEIDI VAN EEDEN (2014)
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BUILD ON SOCIAL PRACTICES
LIQUID NETWORK BY MARIE CRONJE (2014)
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LEAVE ROOM FOR…
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TAKE HOME MESSAGES…
Resilience offers the opportunity to
transform our systems to something
new, positive, and with the capacity to
evolve.
3
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