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Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology

Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology

(ISSN: 2278-2230)

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Dr. Amal Kanti Paul Professor

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India.

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (1)] of Research &

Reviews: A Journal of Ecology. The intension of RRJE is to create an atmosphere that stimulates

creativeness, research and growth in the area of Ecology.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJE provides an outlet for Research findings and

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International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

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regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM Journals

STM JOURNALS

1. Comparative Assessment of Tropical Basins in the Savanna and Rain Forest Ecological Zones for Crop Production in Nigeria

Momoh L. Rilwani, Isi A. Ikhuoria 1

2. Effect of Artemia on the Reduction of Alkali Metals from the Distillery Effluent S. Sujatha Devi, P. Gomathi Priya 15

3. Phytosociological Analysis in Kumaun Himalaya using Satellite Remote Sensing with Special Reference to Woody VegetationRicha Tripathi Sharma, S. Chaudhry, M. Kudrat, N.K. Sharma 20

4. Vegetation Analysis with Reference to Topographic Variables using Remote Sensing DataN.K. Sharma, G.S. Rawat 31

5. Warning Bell of Climate Change in the Lower Gangetic DeltaSufia Zaman, Abhijit Mitra 41

ContentsResearch & Reviews : Journal of Ecology

RRJE (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Comparative Assessment of Tropical Basins in the

Savanna and Rain Forest Ecological Zones for Crop

Production in Nigeria

Momoh L. Rilwani1*, Isi A. Ikhuoria

2

1Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B. 14 Ekpoma,

Edo State, Nigeria 2Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State,

Nigeria; Currently Executive Director: Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys

(RECTAS), Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Abstract This paper reviews the precarious situation of agricultural production in Africa and Nigeria specifically, in line with the emerging concepts of geoinformatics, precision

farming and sustainable agricultural intensification. To illustrate the feasibility of operationalising these concepts in Nigeria, Ikpoba and Orle River basins (that are of the

rain forest and savannah ecological zones, respectively) were classified into land

suitability zones for the optimum cultivation of maize, cassava, yam and oil palm. The approach was based on the overlay analysis of updated land features from Landsat

Thematic Mapper (TM) and physico-chemical soil properties and soil nutrient attributes

according to FAO guidelines and suitability models. Consequently areas in the basins that are highly, moderately and marginally suitable for the production of the selected

crops were identified. Composite suitability classes were also established. A comparative assessment of the two basins indicated that Orle River basin was more suitable for the

production of all the crops and thus posses’ higher potential for agricultural

intensification and precision production of the selected crops than Ikpoba River basin. However, Ikpoba River basin has moderate potential for the production of oil palm and

moderate to high potential for maize, with the possibility of all-year production due to the favourable rainfall regime. The constraining nutrient parameters for the production of

each crop in the basins were as well as highlighted. It is advocated that the results of

this study could serve as a framework for the articulation of precision farming and agricultural intensification strategies in the basins.

Keywords: Agriculture, Land appraisal, Land suitability, River basin, Geoinformatics, Precision farming, Agricultural intensification

RRJE (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Effect of Artemia on the Reduction of Alkali Metals

from the Distillery Effluent

S. Sujatha Devi, P. Gomathi Priya* Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C.Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract The present study evaluates the feasibility of using Artemia as a bioaccumulator in

reducing toxic concentrates of the distillery effluent collected from the industrial area,

near Chennai. Generally, the distillery effluent contains a very high amount of alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium). Artemia being an efficient

environmental adapter was able to thrive in the distillery effluent for 72 h. The physico-

chemical parameters such as pH, salinity of the distillery effluent are determined before and after the treatment. After the treatment, slight increase was observed in the pH

(10.26 ±0.15) and salinity (10 ppt) compared to the control (pH 9.7 ±0.2, salinity 5 ppt). This suggests the invariable use of Artemia in the treatment of distillery effluent to reduce

total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. The percent reduction of alkali metals

by 24 h Artemia Nauplii was greater compared to the 48 and 72 h nauplii. The greater reduction by 24 h Artemia Nauplii could be probably due to the formation of the anal

opening in the later stage. The percent of alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium) reduced by 24 h Artemia Nauplii was found to be 34.71, 50.09, 54.11 and

42.61%, respectively.

Keywords: Alkali metals, Artemia cyst, Artemia nauplii, Bioaccumulation,

Distillery effluent

RRJE (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Phytosociological Analysis in Kumaun Himalaya using

Satellite Remote Sensing with Special Reference to

Woody Vegetation

Richa Tripathi Sharma1*, S. Chaudhry

2, M. Kudrat

3, N.K. Sharma

4

1Saraswati Kunj, Magistrate Colony, Doranda, Ranchi, India

2Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

3Agriculture and Soil Division, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

4Jharkhand Space Applications Center, Ranchi, India

Abstract The present study deals with phytosociological analysis of woody vegetation (tree layer

and shrub layer) of different forest types occurring in Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand. A total 12 forest types were mapped using multiseason satellite data of IRS-P6, AWiFS

sensor. Sampling was carried out in all the forest types to characterize the structure of

forests in terms of abundance, density and dominance at different sites. The field data from different sites was pooled across site for different forest types and was arranged in

girth classes. Among all the tree species maximum IVI was recorded for Pinus roxburghii and minimum IVI was observed for Dalbergia sissoo. Maximum density was recorded for

temperate conifer forest and minimum density exhibited by degraded sal forest. Maximum

total tree basal cover was observed for temperate conifer forest. However, minimum basal area was recorded for degraded low altitude oak forest. Different forest types were

also evaluated for the similarity in species composition.

Keywords: IVI, IRS-P6, AWiFS, Remote sensing, Pine, Oak, Basal area

RRJE (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Vegetation Analysis with Reference to Topographic

Variables using Remote Sensing Data

N.K. Sharma1*, G.S. Rawat

2

1Jharkhand Space Applications Centre Second Floor, Engineer’s Hostel-1, Dhurwa, Ranchi,

Jharkhand, India 2Environmental Change and Ecosystem Services (ECES), International Centre for Integrated

Mountain Development, G.P.O. Box 3226, Khumaltar, Kathmandu, Nepal

Abstract The study was carried out in Kalsa Watershed, Uttarakhand, India to analyze the vegetation

composition, topographic attributes and distribution of different vegetation types in relation

to topography. Remote Sensing data of Indian satellite IRS 1D-LISS III sensor was used to

map vegetation and land use. Survey of India (SOI) topographic map was used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). A total of 10 vegetation and land use classes were

mapped. Pine forest was recorded as most dominant forest type of study area. The study revealed the extension of pine forest in high altitude areas above its normal zone of

occurrence.

Keywords: DEM, Slope, Slope aspect, Remote sensing, Uttarakhand

RRJE (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Warning Bell of Climate Change in the Lower

Gangetic Delta

Sufia Zaman, Abhijit Mitra* Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35, B. C. Road, Kolkata, India

Abstract Climate change and subsequent temperature rise, sea level rise and acidification are the major threats to mangrove ecosystem of the world. Several researchers observed through

short term and long term experiments, that climate change induced fluctuations of temperature, salinity and pH pose a serious threat to the coastal ecosystem. In this

article, three basic indicators of climate change have been selected in the frame of Indian

Sundarbans namely surface water temperature, salinity and pH of the aquatic sub-system to scan the pulse of climate change in this mangrove dominated delta in the lower

Gangetic region. The ecosystem receives the tidal water from Bay of Bengal and thus

serves as a natural experimental ground to observe the trend of the selected indicators over a period of more than two decades. Our investigation strongly confirms the foot

prints of climate change in this delta region.

Keywords: Climate change, Deltaic complex, Salinity, Fishery