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Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Multi-Graph to Support Scholarly Communication
Marko Antonio RodriguezDigital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Los Alamos National Laboratory
&
Center for Evolution, Complexity, and Cognition
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
&
Computer Science Department
University of California at Santa Cruz
email: [email protected] . URL: http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~okram
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Purpose of this Talk
• Define OAI institutional repositories
• Define resource metadata
• Define a collection of network generation algorithms to exploit resource metadata
• Define a simple spreading-activation network search algorithm
• Define problem and solution representation in a multi-graph
• Demonstrate problem-solving in a scholarly multi-graph
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Open Archives Initiative and Institutional Repositories
• Open Archives Initiative is a joint effort to standardize interfaces between various institutional repositories.
• Institutional repositories software systems that support the archiving and dissemination of institutional resources.
• A resource is any digital or non-digital artifact.
• A resource, in a repository, has an associated metadata record.
• OAI-PMH was developed as a protocol for ‘harvesting’ metadata records from institutional repositories.
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
OAI and OAI-PMH
data provider (institutional repository)service provider
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Federation and Scalability
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Resource Metadata
• http://arxiv.org/oai2?o verb=GetRecord&identifier=oai:arXiv.org:cs/0504084&metadataPrefix=oai_dc
Protocol Verbs:
1. Identify
2. ListIdentifiers
3. ListMetadataFormats
4. ListRecords
5. ListSets
Resource Identifier (repository specific)
Metadata Format (repository specific)
- oai_dc, didl, olac, etc.
OAI Data Provider
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <responseDate>2005-09-07T15:25:04Z</responseDate> <request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:arXiv.org:cs/0412047" metadataPrefix="oai_dc">http://arXiv.org/oai2</request> <GetRecord> <record> <header> <identifier>oai:arXiv.org:cs/0412047</identifier> <datestamp>2004-12-14</datestamp> <setSpec>cs</setSpec> </header> <metadata> <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/"> <dc:title>A Social Network for Societal-Scale Decision-Making Systems</dc:title> <dc:creator>Rodriguez, Marko</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Steinbock, Daniel</dc:creator> <dc:subject>Computers and Society</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Data Structures and Algorithms</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Human-Computer Interaction</dc:subject> <dc:subject>H.4.2</dc:subject> <dc:subject>J.7</dc:subject> <dc:subject>K.4.m</dc:subject> <dc:description>In societal-scale decision-making systems the collective is faced ...</dc:description> <dc:description>Comment: Dynamically Distributed Democracy algorithm</dc:description> <dc:date>2004-12-10</dc:date> <dc:type>text</dc:type> <dc:identifier>http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0412047</dc:identifier> <dc:identifier>North American Association for Computational Social and Organizational Science Conference Proceedings 2004</dc:identifier> </oai_dc:dc> </metadata> </record> </GetRecord></OAI-PMH>
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Network Generation Algorithms
Co-Occurrence: if there exists a direct relation from A to C and a direct relation from B to C then there is C ‘co-occurs’ in both A and B
Occurrence: if there exists a direct relation from resource A to resource B then there is an ‘occurrence’ of B in A
A B
A B
C
Running Time: O([N2-N]/2)
Running Time: O(N)
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
<record> <header> <identifier>info:lanl-repo/i/0e08eefc-d053-11d8-85e1-d1cbfd475562</identifier> <datestamp>2004-07-07T20:20:14Z</datestamp> <setSpec>format:info*3Alanl-repo*2Fpro*2Fisi</setSpec> </header> <metadata> <didl:Resource mimeType="application/isi+xml"> <citation> <title>The meaning of self-organization in computing</title> <author> <au>Heylighen, F</au> Δ1, Δ1-2 <au>Gershenson, C</au> Δ1, Δ1-2 </author> <journal> <issn>1094-7167</issn> Δ3a, Δ3-2 <jtitle>IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS</jtitle> Δ3a, Δ3-2 <stitle>IEEE INTELL SYST</stitle> Δ3a, Δ3-2 </journal> <enumeration> <year>2003</year> <volume>18</volume> <issue>4</issue> <spage>72</spage> <epage>75</epage> </enumeration> </citation> <reference> <source> <stitle>P 13 EUR M CYB SYST</stitle> Δ3b, Δ2 <author>BOLLEN, J</author> Δ2 <spage>911</spage> Δ2 <year>1996</year> Δ2 </source> </reference> <reference> <source> <stitle>SWARM INTELLIGENCE</stitle> Δ3b, Δ2 <author>BONABEAU, E</author> Δ2 <year>1998</year> Δ2 </source> </reference> </didl:DIDL> </metadata></record>
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
A Scholarly Multi-Graph
Journal
coauthor
wrote written by wrote written by
published in contains
wrote written by
Journal
published in contains
references
Author
Paper
Author Author Author
Paper Papercites cites
coauthor
coauthor
coauthor
coauthor
coauthor
Layer-3
Layer-2
Layer-1
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
A Multi-Graph Repository-Flow Model
multi-graph
generator
multi-graph
data source
multi-graph
searcher
multi-graph
aggregator
1
2
3
4
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Spreading Activation Algorithm
1
3
4
5
6
2 8
7
STIMULATION
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Problem-Solving in a Scholarly Multi-Graph
J
P
A
JP
A
J
P
A Scholarly Multi-Graph Implementation
Finding Related Work
Finding Collaborators
Finding Journals
Finding Referees
Finding Audience
Problem representation
Scholarly Communication Process
Problem
Solution
Solution
P
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Finding Related Papers
Author Layer
Paper Layer
P+ S S
Journal Layer
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Finding Collaborators
Author Layer
Paper Layer
S
S
P+ P+ P+
Journal Layer
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Finding a Journal
Author Layer
P+
P+
Paper Layer
P+ P+ P+
S
Journal Layer
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Finding Peer-Reviewers
Author Layer
Paper Layer
P-
P-
S
S
P+ P+ P+
P+
Journal Layer
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Finding Interested Readers
Author Layer
Paper Layer
S
S P+
S
S
P+
S
P+ P+ P+
Journal Layer
Research Library, Los Alamos National LaboratoryRESEARCHLIBRARY @ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Extensibility
• Adding addition nodes to network: research institutions, keywords, subject categories, funding institutions, departments, etc.
• As long as you can represent a problem as a collection of resources and your solution as a collection of resources, a multi-graph is provides the necessary pattern-matching infrastructure to support the problem-solving.