research challenges in wireless networks of biomedical sensors 1 loren schwiebert wayne state...
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Research Challenges in Wireless Networks of Biomedical Sensors1
Loren Schwiebert
Wayne State University
Department of Computer Science
1This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants ANI-0086020 and DGE-9870720 and the Kresge Eye Institute.
Sandeep K. S. Gupta
Arizona State University
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Jennifer Weinmann
Wayne State University
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Additional Authors: Ayad Salhieh, Vikram Shankar, Valliappan Annamalai, Manish Kochhal, and Greg Auner.
“Typical” Future Sensor Node
• Matchbox Size• Battery Powered• Power-conserving processor – 100’s of
MHz• 10’s of MB of program and data memory• Radio modem using TDMA• Capable of running a scaled down version
of Palm OS or Windows CE
Biomedical Smart Sensors??
• Smart Sensor – Biomedical sensor/actuator with integrated circuitry
• Biomedical – Implanted in the human body
• Form – Small with limited power, encased in inert material
• Function – Alleviate chronic diseases and disabilities, monitor health
Biomedical Sensors are Unique!
• Limited Computation and Data Storage• Ultra Low Power Consumption• Wireless Communication• Continuous Operation• Inaccessibility• Bio-Compatibility – Material Constraints• Robustness and Fault Tolerance• Secure Data Communications• Regulatory Requirements
Example Applications
• Glucose Level Monitor
• Transplant Organ Viability Monitor
• Blood Monitor
• Retinal and Cortical Prosthesis
• Cancer Detection/Monitor
• Health Monitor
Retinal and Cortical Implant
Data Processing and Communication
Smart Sensor Retinal Interface
Functional Block Diagramof the Retinal Neuron Scanner
Research Approach
• Optimize across protocol layers• Organize communication among sensor
nodes• Develop application-specific solutions• Take advantage of biomedical sensor
features – fixed topology, pre-defined communication and known membership
• Generalize these solutions
Research on Fixed Topologies
• Vary # of Neighbors• Trade-offs Exist
– Number of Hops
– Number of Receivers
– Amount of Contention
• Evaluate Power Usage• Test Power-Aware
Routing
Research on Fixed Topologies
• Power-Aware Routing reduces Power Usage
• 3D is better than 2D• 4 Neighbor Topology
has lower Power Use• Reason is always
fewer Receptions• Current work includes
improving protocols
Research Objectives
• Strict Power Management
• Efficient Wireless Spectrum Use
• Scalability – Support as Many Sensing Elements as Possible
• Support Diagnostic Functionality
• Standardize Design with Other Research Groups
Smart Sensors and Integrated Devices
Materials Development
Device Development and Prototyping
Electronic Integration Design
Hybrid Technology and Packaging
Device Characterization, Testing, and Evaluation
Materials Characterization (Microstructure, optical, electrical)
Materials Simulation, Device Simulation, Design, and Testing
Materials Processing (Special lithography and
device fabrication development)
Device Simulation Design and Testing
Data Communications and Interface Design
VLSI Circuit Development Intelligent system Design and Development (Neuronet, logic)
Multidisciplinary Research
Smart Sensors and Integrated MicrosystemsGregory W. Auner, PhDPepe Siy, PhDLoren Schwiebert, PhDVaman Naik, PhDRatna Naik, PhDLowell Wenger, PhDXiaoyan Han, PhDYuriy Danylyuk, grad studentDan Durisin, engineerFrancette Fey, grad student (NSF IGERT)Sam George, research assistantChanghe Huang, PhDChantelle Hughes, grad student (NSF IGERT)Michael Lukitsch, grad student (NSF IGERT)Marvie Nickola, grad student (NSF IGERT)Mona Safadi, grad student (NSF IGERT)David Sant, grad studentFlaminia Serina, M.S. (NSF IGERT)Margarita Thompson, PhDJennifer Weinmann, grad student (NSF IGERT)Jie Xu, professorSong Xu, PhDFeng Zhong, grad studentAyad Salhieh, grad student (NSF ITR)Manish Kochhal, grad student (NSF ITR)Changli Jiao, grad student
Retina and Cortical Implant Project
OphthalmologyGary Abrams, MDRaymond Iezzi, MDAlexander Dizoor, PhD
NeurosurgeryPat McAllister, PhDRobert Johnson, MDJanet Miller, B.S.Hun Park, MD, PhDTodd Frances, M.S.
VeterinarianLiz Dawe, D.V.M.