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Life Science Archives (LSA)

ISSN: 2454-1354

Volume – 3; Issue - 2; Year – 2017; Page: 962 – 973

DOI: 10.22192/lsa.2017.3.2.2

©2017 Published by JPS Scientific Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Research Article

HISTOLOGICAL AND HEMATO –BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF

FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum) AND GINGER (Zingiber officinale)

AQUEOUS EXTRACTS ON OVARY STRUCTURE IN WHITE SWISS

MICE (Musmus culus)

Ahmed J. Al-Yasery1, Iman M. Khaleel

2 and Muna Hussain Al-Aameli

3

1College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq.

2College of Veterinary Medicine, Bagdad University, Bagdad, Iraq.

3College of Veterinary Medicine, Kerbala University, Kerbala, Iraq.

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the separate and combined importance of using

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) aqueous extracts on hemato –

biochemical parameters and ovary structure in white Swiss Mice females. Totally 32 Mice were assigned

into following groups: Group 1 (Control group - 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2 (1 ml of Fenugreek);

Group 3 (1 ml of Ginger) and Group 4 (1 ml of Fenugreek +1 ml of Ginger). The results showed

significantly (P <0.05) increase in anatomical dimensions of right and left ovaries and significant

superiority for Ginger on other groups when compared with control group. The Ginger, fenugreek and

combined groups caused significantly (P <0.05) increase in FSH, estrogen and progesterone values but

Ginger group revealed higher significant superiority on other groups when compared with control group.

The hematological results revealed significantly (P<0.05) differences in values represented by significant

increasing of RBC count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, ESR, Neutrophil, Eosinophil and Lymphocyte values

with significant superiority for Ginger group on other groups, and significant decreasing of WBC count,

HGB, PCV, PLT, Basophil and Monocyte values with significant superiority for Ginger group on other

groups. The biochemical parameters values revealed significantly (P<0.05) decreasing in values of serum

and ovary tissues content of Cholesterol, Glucose, Creatinine, Urea, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, AST and

ALT with significant superiority for Fenugreek group on other groups. The Histological results were

showed significant development in ovary structure and follicles maturation especially in Ginger group

which recorded a significant superiority on other two groups when compared with control group. In

Conclusion, the administration of Ginger extract that better than Fenugreek extract or combination with

each other in significant alterations in hematological values and decreased the biochemical values in

white Swiss mice and that benefit to possibility of using these medicinal plants especially in persons

which suffered from some cases of infertility, obesity, renal disturbance and diabetes mellitus.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Article History

Received : 10.02.2017

Revised : 25.02.2017

Accepted : 15.03.2017

Key words: Fenugreek, Ginger, Ovary

and Fertility.

http://www.jpsscientificpublications.com/

Ahmed J. Al - Yasery/Life Science Archives (LSA), Volume – 3, Issue – 2, Page – 962 to 973, 2017 963


1. Introduction

Medicinal plants are increasingly

recognized worldwide as an alternative source of

efficacious and inexpensive medications to

synthetic chemotherapeutic compound and high

proportion of the world’s population rely on

plants for their primary health care (Omo et al.,

2011). The most important active substances in

these plants are alkaloids, tannins, terpernoids,

glycosides, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids,

quinines, lectins and polypeptides (Cai et al.,

2003). Fenugreek is an annual herb widely

grown in India, Egypt and Middle Eastern

countries (Isidori et al., 2006). Its seeds are

commonly used for flavoring and as a spice in

curries due to their strong flavor and aroma (Al –

Gubory et al., 2011).

Fenugreek is known to lower blood

glucose level and partially restore the activities

of key enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid

metabolism close to normal values in various

animal model systems (Al – Habori et al., 2002).

It can increase the erythrocyte insulin receptors

and peripheral glucose utilization, thus showing

improved pancreatic function and the

antidiabetic and hypocholesterolemic activity of

fenugreek is primarily associated with defatted

fraction of its seeds and can be largely attributed

to their saponin and high fiber content (Esson et

al., 2005). As previously identified fenugreek

seeds contain about 12 % by weight steroidal

saponins (including diosgenin and yamogenin)

which are building blocks for various steroids

including cholesterol and female sex hormones

(More et al., 2005). The steroidal extract of

fenugreek has been stimulating fertility and

histological form of rodent female ovary and

improved the follicular development (numerous

mature ovarian follicles and multiple corpora

lutea) and ovulation rate in female mice (Narajo

et al., 2007).

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) belong to

the family Zingiberaceae is widely used as a

digestive aid for mild stomach upset and is

commonly recommended by health care

professionals to help prevent or treat nausea and

vomiting associated with motion sickness

pregnancy (Kamtch et al., 2002).

* Corresponding author: Ahmed J. Al – Yasery,

College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University,

Samawah, Iraq.

Also ginger has effective antioxidant and

anticancer activity and known to significantly

increase activity of ovary tissue, maturation of

ovary follicles and Rat female hormones (Khaki

et al., 2009). The important active components

of the ginger are thought to be volatile oils and

pungent phenol compounds such as gingerols,

shogaols, zingerone, gingerols, zingiberene,

turmerone, methyl chavicol, and γ-terpinene

(Morakino et al., 2008). Ginger rhizome

(Zingiber officnale; Family: Zingiberaceae) used

worldwide as a spice and both anti oxidative and

hormonal activity of Ginger were reported in

animal models (Nathan et al., 2006). Other

researchers showed that medicinal plants (ginger

oil) has dominative protective effect on DNA

damage induced by H2O2 and might act as

scavenger of oxygen radical and might be used

as antioxidant (Putheti et al., 2008).

2. Materials and Methods

The Experimental Animals

The current study was carried out in

animal house of Agriculture college, Al-

Muthanaa University to investigate the separate

and combined importance of using Fenugreek

(Trigonella foenum) and Ginger (Zingiber

officinale) aqueous extracts on hemato –

biochemical parameters and ovary Structure in

Females of White Swiss Mice, 32 adult female

mice used in this study were brought from

laboratory of drug control, Bagdad. The

experimental mice were housed in animals

house in large plastic cages (11 × 12 × 30 cm)

with metal covers in healthy conditions

represented by typical ration and healthy water

source drinking and typical temperature (20 – 32

°C) for daytime and night and natural light circle

(12 hrs light and 12 hrs dark) (Reves et al.,

2006).

The preparation of Medicinal Plants Extracts:

The Fenugreek or Ginger Extraction

methods to preparation of aqueous extracts of

each plant which described by Aizam et al.

(2006). In case of Fenugreek extract was

obtained from the drying Fenugreek seeds which

purchased from local markets which examined

and cleaned, then dried in the shade at room

temperature and powdered. While Ginger

rhizome extract was purchased from local



market. Fresh ginger rhizome was cleaned,

washed under running tap water and cut into

small pieces, then air dried and powdered. The

specimens of Fenugreek or Ginger were boiled

for 30 min and the extract was filtered and

concentrated with a rotary evaporator apparatus

by strainer. The pure liquid was located in warm

bath and its aqueous extract with high viscosity

was collected just before using it, the extract was

diluted in distilled water.

Experimental Design The 32 adult female mice used in study

are divided into two groups are:

Control group included 8 adult female mice which drenched by distilled water

for 45 days of experiment.

Treated groups included 24 adult female

mice which subdivided into three sub

groups were: (i) Group A included

8female mice which drenched orally by Fenugreek extract dose 1 ml for 30 days,

(ii) Group B included 8 female mice

which drenched orally by Ginger extract

in dose 1 ml for 30 days and (iii) Group

C included 8 adult female mice which

drenched orally by (1 ml of Fenugreek

extract + 1 ml of Ginger extract) for 30

days and all three sub- groups were

drenched daily through the mouth.

The scarification of mice and samples

collection

After the 24 hours of the last drenching

dose (in 30 days and 60 days), the mice were

weighted and then the blood samples were

collected. Blood samples (4 - 8 ml) were

collected from the heart directly for each animal.

The (4 ml) of blood that collected to hormones

estimation and 4 ml to blood analysis

parameters, samples of hormones estimation

were placed in plastic special tubes and directly

centrifuged in Janetzki centrifuge at 3000 rpm

for 15 min. To getting serum which aspirated by

micropipette and placed in microtube special for

saving until hormones analysis, while residual (4

ml) of blood were placed in plastic test-tube had

Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA)

anticoagulant for hematology studies (Hendrix et

al., 2007). Then, mice were anesthetized by local

anesthesia (intra peritoneal dose of 0.2 ml of

ketamine + 0.2 ml of xylazine) (Hall et al.,

2001), then mice were sacrificed and the

abdominal cavity and peritoneum were opened

by surgical incision and ovaries were removed

and placed in physiological solution. Then fixed

by the formalin solution 10 % for 24 hours then

saved in Ethyl alcohol for used in histological

technique.

The Anatomical technique

Anatomical study of ovaries including

physical examination (shape and color) and

calculation of dimensions which including

ovarian weight (OW), ovarian length (OL),

ovarian width (OW), ovarian thickness (OT) and

ovarian volume (OV) and ovaries length was

taken from cranial to caudal pole of ovary, while

width was taken at ovary middle. The volume of

ovaries was calculated from ellipsoid equation

by water displacement methods. The

measurements were carried out by electronic

caliper vernier which described by Maier et al.

(1990).

The Histological technique

In the histological methods we take the

samples (1 cm) from the fixative organs in

formalin 10 % to washing for 5 minutes in tap

water to remove the fixative effect , then making

the steps of routine histological technique which

include the dehydration by serial of progressive

concentrations of ethanol (50 % - 100 %) , the

clearing by using the zaylene or chloroform ,

infiltration by using paraffin wax path ,

embedding by paraffin wax blocks , sectioning

by using Rotary Microtome to thin 6 -7

micrometer plates which placed in water path

and then placed in glass slides to become ready

to staining by using the (Hematoxline - Eosine

stain , PAS stain and Van geizen stain), then the

slides become ready to examined by microscope

by making the Calibration curve for each focus

by using Ocular micrometer and Stag

micrometer and photographed by digital camera

Genex (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008) and (Luna,

1968).

Hormonal Analysis

The hormones level in serum of adult

female mice were estimated by using Time

Resolved Fluoroimmino Assay (TRFA) (Perkin

Eimer life and the Analytical Sciences, Finland)

to analyzed the Estrogen, FSH and Progesterone

hormones in the same method which represented

by preparation of standard curve concentration



in 6 vials containing 0.5, 2.5, 25 , 125 , 250

ng/ml and using special antibiotic for each

hormones and add 200 µl from anti hormone

dilution to tube to measure Anti-ICSH –T tracer

solution and adding 25 µl from ICSH –

Testosterone standards and blood serum which

calculated the hormones in which to special 6

vials as a real 2 vials for each concentration, all

vials were placed to 90 minutes in the room

temperature with slowly moving and all vials

washed carefully by special solution from

manufactured company for system, then directly

adding 200 µl from Enhancement solution

directly to prepared bottle and the vial moved for

five minutes and the solution became ready for

measured (Katsumi, 2010).

Hematological and Biochemical analysis

The hematological analysis which

including the parameters of Red Blood Cell

Count (RBCs) Cell/mm3, Hemoglobin

Concentration (Hb) g/dl , Packed Cell Volume

(PCV) %, Mean Corpuscle Volume MCV fI,

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Pg,

Mean Corpuscle HB Concentration (MCHC) %,

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) mm/hr,

White Blood Cell Count (WBC), Cell/mm3 and

Differential WBC Count) and the biochemical

analysis of serum and ovary tissues content of

cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, urea,

triglycerides, HDL, LDL, AST and ALT) were

measured in college labs by routine

hematological techniques and biochemical

parameters which described by Thomas (1992),

Petersen et al. (2002), Sandgruber et al. (2012),

Verma et al. (2012) and Shariati et al. (2015).

Statistical Analysis

All data were analyzed using SPSS

version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A

computerized program Statistical Package for

the Social Science for windows. One way

analysis of variance was used to detect age and

effect of castration - related variations, the

results were expressed as mean ± SE. The results

were regarded as significant when P ≤ 0.05. To

compare between means used Duncan Multiple

test (Joda, 2008).

3. Results and Discussion

Anatomical Results

The anatomical results described in

(Table - 1) for right ovary and (Table - 2) for left

ovary and revealed significantly (P <0.05)

increase in anatomical dimensions of right and

left ovaries , the values of anatomical

dimensions of right and left ovaries in Ginger

group were greater than (significant superiority)

from Fenugreek and Combined groups when

compared with control group. The reason of the

significant differences in result belong to the

effect of medicinal plants on hormonal and

elements equilibration in tissues and increasing

levels of estrogen, FSH and progesterone

hormone in Mice which lead to increasing the

weight and dimensions of ovary. These results

were agreed with results of Kaisser et al. (2006)

in female Rabbit and Bancroft and Gamble

(2008) and Mori et al. (2005) in female Hamster

which revealed similar results in effect of

medicinal plant in improving anatomical

dimensions in experimented animals. While our

results disagreed with Nassem et al. (2009) in

Albino Rat and Verma et al. (2012) which

showed different results and considered these

medicinal plant not affecting on ovary and that

belong to the difference in lab animal species

used in experiments and different methods of

plant extract preparation and the origin of

medicinal plant used and for environmental and

physiological condition in the experiments.

Hormonal Results

The hormonal results described in Table

- 3 which showed significant difference (P

<0.05) between control and treated groups, the

study revealed significant superiority for Ginger

group on Fenugreek, Combined and control

groups represented by significantly (P <0.05)

increasing in the blood level values of estrogen,

FSH and progesterone hormones and the Ginger

group recorded higher increasing range than

others groups when compared with control

group (the smallest value).The reason of

significant differences in this result belong to

effect of medicinal plants especially (Ginger

extract) on pituitary gland or brain in

hypothalamus to increased receptors of Gn-RH

to secreted high levels of hormones which lead

to stimulating effect to producing a higher

secretion of (FSH) hormone which stimulated

pituitary gland to increasing development and

maturation of follicles and ovulation and also



stimulate to production of higher corpus luteum

numbers and secretion of progesterone and

estrogen from active ovary of experimental mice

or these medicinal plants contain steroidal

saponins which considered as a starter for

medical steroids manufactured such as

hecogenin to corticosteroids and yhamogenin for

progesterone synthesis and dhaiosegnin for sex

hormones synthesis in female.These results were

agreed with Guyton and Hall (2006) and Shariati

et al. (2015) in female Rabbit and Nassem et al.

(2009) in Albino Rat and with Parta et al. (2008)

in Mice which observed that Fenugreek and

Ginger administration lead to changing in

hormonal values of estradiol , progesterone and

FSH hormones by elevation and improving the

activity of these hormones, while our results

disagreed with Kaisser et al.(2006) in female

Rabbit and Sakamato et al. (2003) in female

Mice and Morakino et al. (2008) in female Rat

which showed different results and considered

these medicinal plant as anti-fertility and caused

dropping or not effecting in values of sex

hormones and these differences in results may

belong to the difference in lab animal species

used and different between methods of extract

preparation and origin of medicinal plant used or

the physiological and environmental and

hygienic conditions of experiments.

Hemato-Biochemical Analysis Results

The Hematological analysis results was

described in Table - 4, 5 and 6 which revealed

the significantly (P<0.05) differences between

control and treated groups, Ginger group

recorded higher values in increasing or

decreasing affecting of blood parameters on the

Fenugreek and combined groups when compared

with control group. The result showed

significant (P <0.05) increasing of RBC count,

MCV, MCH, MCHC, ESR, Neutrophil ,

Eosinophil and Lymphocyte values with

significant superiority for Ginger group on other

groups, and significant decreasing of WBC

count , HGB, PCV, PLT, Basophil and

Monocyte values with significant superiority for

the Ginger group on other groups. The

biochemical parameters values revealed

significantly (P<0.05) decreasing in values of

serum and ovary tissues content of Cholesterol,

Glucose, Creatinine, Urea, Triglycerides, HDL,

LDL, AST and ALT with significant superiority

for Fenugreek group on other groups. The reason

of these differences in result belong to that

medicinal plants (Fenugreek and Ginger) contain

the alkaloids materials such as Trigonellin,

Choline, Tannin, Coumarin and Flavonoids

which enter and affected on metabolism and

elements balance in body. These plants contain

large amount of steroidal Saponins and organic

types of lead, phosphorus and other elements

and vitamins which become as a foreign bodies

which disturbance the blood values of

hematological parameters.These results were

agreed with Esson et al. (2005) and Tohamy et

al. (2012) and Sekiwa et al. (2009) in female

Mice which observed similar result represented

by that Fenugreek and Ginger administration

lead to changing in hematological values in

experimental Mice while our results disagreed

with results of Kamal et al. (1993) in Albino Rat

and Al-Gubory et al. (2011) in female New

Zealand Rabbit and Al-Habori et al. (2002) in

female Albino Rat which revealed that Ginger

and Fenugreek extracts not affecting on

hematological parameters and considered anti-

fertility and these differences may belong to

differences between experimental animals or

design and place and environmental,

physiological and nutritional conditions of

experiments. While in dropping of biochemical

values that belong to that medicinal plants

especially Fenugreek which caused blood

glucose dropping due to containing the

Glactomannan which enlarged the time of food

transmission in intestinal canal which produced

slowly in saccharides absorption with food and

decreased blood sugar level , or the Fenugreek

contain 4-HIL amino acid which stimulate the

Glucose induced insulin release and improving

the Peripheral Utilization of Glucose which lead

to dropping all biochemical values in female

mice, or Fenugreek contain antioxidant effect or

antimutagen and anticancer effect which

stimulate apoptosis, cell multiplication and cell

division. These results were agreed with Isidori

et al. (2006) and Nathan et al. (2006) in Wister

Rat and Okibo et al. (2007) in female Albino

Mice which revealed that medicinal plants

(Ginger and Fenugreek) decrease biochemical

values especially in some cases as diabetes

mellitus and with Petersen et al. (2002) who

explained that supplementation of these

medicinal plants caused dropped the values of



LDL, HDL AST, ALT in Hamster.While our

results disagreed with Norajo et al. (2007) and

Mahmud et al. (2015) in female Guinea Pig and

Al-Habori et al. (2002) in female Albino rat

which revealed that Ginger and Fenugreek

extracts not affecting on biochemical parameters

and anti-fertility, these differences may belong

to differences between experimental design and

animals or some environmental, physiological

and nutritional conditions of these experiments.

Histological Results

The Histological results explained fine

structure of ovary in control (Figures 1 and 2)

and treated groups in Figures - 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8

which showed the developed histological

structure of ovary in treated groups more than

control group. The reason of this differences in

result belong to the effect of medicinal plants on

hormonal and elements equilibration in tissues

and increasing levels of estrogen, FSH and

progesterone hormone in Mice. These results

were agreed with Esson et al. (2005) and Patra et

al. (2008) in female Mice and Khaki et al.

(2009) in female Albino Rats which revealed

that Ginger and Fenugreek extracts lead to

development of ovary structure and presence of

different stages of follicles while our results

disagreed with Verma et al. (2012) in female

Rats and Omo et al. (2011) which observed that

medicinal plants caused the damage in ovary

tissue with presence forms of congestion and

inflammatory cells and undeveloped follicles in

ovary tissue and that may belong to several cases

as dose of extract or animal age, species, breed

and environmental, physiological and nutritional

conditions of these experiments.

Table - 1: Anatomical analysis values of right ovary in studied groups (n = 8)

Groups Traits

Ovary Weight (gm) Ovary Length (mm) Ovary Width (mm) Ovary Thick (mm) Ovary Volume (mm3)

Control Group 1.68 0.02

c

17.23 0.01

c

6.89 0.02

c

6.21 0.02

c

2.27 0.02

a

Fenugreek Group 1.89 0.03

b

17.92 0.02

b

7.22 0.03

b

6.95 0.01

b

2.89 0.03

b

Ginger Group 2.17 0.04

a

18.73 0.04

a

8.43 0.02

a

7.88 0.03

a

3.41 0.01

a

Combined Group 1.90 0.03

b

17.89 0.02

b

7.32 0.01

b

7.08 0.02

b

2.98 0.02

b

The different small letters refer to significant differences at (p≤0.05) among groups in vertical column

The similar small letters refer to Non- significant differences at (p≤0.05) between groups in vertical column

n = refers to the number of the animals in each group. Values represent mean ± S.

Table – 2: Anatomical analysis values of Left Ovary in studied groups (n = 8)

Groups Traits

Ovary

Weight (gm)

Ovary Length

(mm)

Ovary

Width (mm)

Ovary Thick

(mm)

Ovary Volume

(mm)3

Control Group 1.46 0.02

c

16.16 0.03

c

6.18 0.02

c

5.88 0.03

a

2.22 0.03

a

Fenugreek

Group 1.77 0.03

b

16.91 0.03

c

6.99 0.03

b

6.12 0.03

b

2.96 0.04

a

Ginger Group 2.22 0.04

a

17.65 0.04

a

7.99 0.02

a

6.88 0.03

a

3.22 0.02

a

Combined

Group 1.86 0.03

b

16.97 0.03

b

6.91 0.03

b

6.18 0.03

b

2.87 0.04

b

The different small letters refer to significant differences at (p≤0.05) among groups in vertical column.

The similar small letters refer to Non-significant differences at (p≤0.05) between groups in vertical column.

n= refers to the number of the animals in each group. Values represent mean ± S.E.



Table - 3: Hormones and cholesterol values in serum and ovarian tissue of studied groups (n=8)

Groups Traits

Estradiol

(ng/ml)

FSH

(pg /dl)

Progesterone

(mIU/ml)

Serum

Cholesterol

(mg/dl)

Ovarian

Cholesterol

Tissue (mg/g)

Control

Group 20.73 0.18

d

2.82 0.21

c

2.91 0.32

c

1.68 0.02

a

0.94 0.63

a

Fenugreek Group

21.97 0.24

c

3.96 0.65

b

3.44 0.13

b

0.89 0.03

c

0.55 0.22

b

Ginger

Group 24.22 0.31

a

4.94 0.71

a

4.97 0.61

a

1.08 0.02

b

0.90 0.61

a

Combined Group

22.43 0.21

b

3.83 0.32

b

3.71 0.18

b

1.12 0.01

b

0.88 0.38

a



n = refers to the number of the animals in each group. Values represent mean ± S.E

Table – 4: Hematological analysis values of studied groups (n = 8)

Groups Traits

RBC count

(× 106/µl)

WBC count

(× 10³/µl)

HGB

(g/dL )

PCV (%)

Control Group

6.55 0.03

c

4.43 0.02

a

8.64 0.02

a

32.73 0.31

a

Fenugreek

Group 7.43 0.02

b

3.89 0.01

b

7.34 0.05

b

30.89 0.44

b

Ginger Group

8.76 0.01

a

2.91 0.03

c

6.97 0.03

c

28.67 0.57

c

Combined

Group 7.47 0.03

b

3.93 0.01

b

7.44 0.04

b

30.91 0.36

b




Table – 5: Hematological analysis values of studied groups (n = 8)

Groups Traits

MCV

(Fl)

MCH

(pg)

MCHC

(g / dl )

ESR

(mm / hr)

PLT

(× 10³/µl)

Control Group

4.96 0.67

c

21.78 0.19

c

32.88 0.28

c

6.17 0.05

c

7.62 0.05

a

Fenugreek

Group 6.55 0.41

b

22.94 0.23

b

33.95 0.76

b

7.66 0.02

b

6.28 0.02

b

Ginger Group

8.67 0.48

a

24.68 0.78

a

35.90 0.22

a

8.29 0.01

a

5.31 0.01

c

Combined

Group 6.65 0.22

b

22.89 0.33

b

34.18 0.66

b

7.56 0.03

b

6.22 0.02

b






Table – 6: Differential diagnosis of WBC values of studied groups (n = 8)

Groups Traits

Neutrophils

(%)

Eosinophils

(%)

Basophils

(%)

Lymphocyte

(%)

Monocyte

(%)

Control

Group

38.41 0.63

c

0.86 0.01

c

0.96 0.06

a

78.59 0.22

c

0.58 0.02

a

Fenugreek

Group

40.21 0.63

b

0.95 0.03

b

0.68 0.03

b

80.35 0.34

b

0.47 0.02

b

Ginger

Group

42.68 0.22

a

1.68 0.02

a

0.47 0.04

c

82.42 0.66

a

0.33 0.04

b

Combined

Group

40.33 0.58

b

0.93 0.02

b

0.66 0.02

b

80.54 0.37

b

0.46 0.03

b




Table - 7: Biochemical analysis values of studied groups (n = 8)

Groups Traits

Glucose

(mg /dl)

Creatinine

(mg /dl)

Urea

(mg /dl)

Triglycerides

(mg /dl)

Control

Group 9.73 0.56

a

1.88 0.43

a

11.93 0.33

a

7.89 0.22

a

Fenugreek Group

6.87 0.37

c

1.04 0.24

c

9.98 0.42

c

5.76 0.18

c

Ginger

Group 7.31 0.55

b

1.51 0.67

b

10.95 0.77

b

6.55 0.66

b

Combined Group

7.73 0.42

b

1.56 0.86

b

10.91 0.31

b

6.56 0.21

b




Table - 8: Biochemical analysis values of studied groups (n = 10)

Groups Traits

HDL

(mg /dl)

LDL

(mg /dl)

AST

(U /L)

ALT

(U /L)

Control

Group 27.73 0.63

a

106.73 0.63

a

37.44 0.63

a

29.66 0.63

a

Fenugreek Group

25.79 0.51

c

101.79 0.12

c

35.87 0.34

c

26.77 0.22

c

Ginger

Group 26.96 0.35

b

104.67 0.33

b

36.75 0.22

b

28.36 0.38

b

Combined Group

26.82 0.22

b

104.69 0.19

b

36.77 0.33

b

28.31 0.18

b






Figure – 1: Normal ovary structure of mice in

control group showed: epithelium (black arrow),

cortex (red arrow) and corpus luteum (yellow

arrow). H and E stain (x 200)

Figure – 2: Normal ovary structure of mice in

Control group showed follicles in different stages,

cortex and medulla with ovary blood supply. H

and E stain (x 100)

Figure – 3: Ovary structure of female mice in

Fenugreek extract group showed primary follicles

(1) and cortex of ovary (2) with developed

structure of ovary. H and E stain (x 100)

Figure – 4: Ovary structure of mice in Fenugreek

extract group showed epithelial surface (1),

primordial germ cells (yellow arrow), mature

follicle (black arrow) and theca interna and

externa (red arrow). H and E stain (x 100)


Ginger extract group showed secondary follicles

(black arrow) and medulla (red arrow) with

developed structure of ovary. H and E stain (x

100)


Ginger extract group showed mature follicles

(black arrow) and medulla (red arrow) with

developed structure of ovary. Van Gesion stain (x

200)


Combined Fenugreek and Ginger extract group

showed Primary follicle (P), Mature follicle (M)

with developed structure of ovary. PAS stain (x

100)

Figure - 8: Ovary structure of mice in Combined

Fenugreek and Ginger extract group showed

Primary and Mature follicle with developed

structure of ovary. H and E stain (x 100)



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DOI Number DOI: 10.22192/lsa.2017.3.2.2

How to Cite this Article:

Ahmed J. Al – Yasery, Iman M. Khaleel and Muna H. Hassan. 2017. Histological and

Hemato – Biochemical study of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum) and Ginger (Zingiber

officinale) Aqueous extracts on Ovary structure in White Swiss Mice (Musmus culus). Life

Science Archives, 3 (2): 962 – 973.

DOI: 10.22192/lsa.2017.3.2.2

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