research and review 5x5 environment and city development

7/30/2019 Research and Review 5x5 Environment and City Development

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Summer 2013

Environment and City Development | a2bitnickel

ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH AND REVIEW 3



~ 2 ~

Research and Review

Before you start each story do some research.

Where should you look?

The title helps you find the ideas. In this title we find three (3) words

that will help us.

The url is http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/24/science/with-a-splash-of-salt-industry-may-reap-

environmental-advantages.html

salt ~ ionic liquids ~ chemical bond

Now go find some information about replacement cleaners

to answer these three questions

Find some ideas like ~

What are three cleaners to be replaced?

1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________ 3. ___________________________________

Why are they called ionic liquids?

1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

3. ___________________________________

What solutions can you find to use these liquids?

1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

3. ___________________________________

Discuss this when you get to class.

http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/24/science/with-a-splash-of-salt-industry-may-reap-environmental-advantages.html








~ 3 ~

Topic ~ Environment and City Development 5x5

Step 1 ~~ Think about 5 different ideas for Environment and City

Development . Look at your research to help you.

1.___ionic chemicals ____

2._________________

3._________________

4._________________

5._________________

Step 2 ~~ Make 5 questions about each idea. There is one example for

you to look at.

1.___ Ionic chemicals ________

i) What is important about ionic chemicals?

ii) Which ionic chemical is the best?

iii) Why are ionic chemicals useful?iv) Who gains the most from ionic chemicals?

v) What advantages are there to using ionic chemicals?

2._________________

i) _______________________________________________

ii) _______________________________________________

iii) _______________________________________________

iv) _______________________________________________

v) _______________________________________________



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3._________________

i) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

ii) _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

iii) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

iv) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

v) _______________________________________________

4._________________

i) _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

ii) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

iii) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

iv) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

v) _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

5._________________

i) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

ii) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

iii) _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

iv) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

v) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________



~ 5 ~

Step 3 ~~ Make longer one sentence answers for each question.

1.___Ionic chemicals ________

i) What is important about ionic chemicals?

________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

ii) Which ionic chemical is the best?

________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

iii) Why are ionic chemicals useful?

________________________________________________

_________________________________________________ iv) Who gains the most from ionic chemicals?

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

v) What advantages are there to using ionic chemicals?

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

2._________________

i) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

ii) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iii) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________



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iv) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

v) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

3._________________

i) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

ii) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iii) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iv) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

v) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________



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4._________________

i) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

ii) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iii) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

iv) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

v) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

5._________________

i) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

ii) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________



~ 8 ~

iii) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iv) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

v) ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Read the story

With a Splash of Salt, Industry May Reap Environmental AdvantagesBy KENNETH CHANG / Published: April 24, 2001

Substances with chemical structures similar to table salt -- but which look and flow like water --may one day become environmentally friendly replacements, for some of the noxious solvents

used by industry. The so-called ionic liquids -- essentially salts with low melting temperatures --

were first invented in the 1940's but remained mainly novelties.

''They look terribly ordinary,'' said Dr. Kenneth R. Seddon, a Professor of Chemistry, at Queen's

College in Belfast, Northern Ireland. ''They look like water.'' Only in the past few years havechemists started thinking of them as a medium for performing chemical reactions. Although still

years away from widespread industrial use, ionic liquids are attracting the interest of Exxon

Mobil, BP Amoco and other companies.

''It's just a new way of thinking about them,'' said Dr. Robin D. Rogers, Director of the Center for

Green Manufacturing at the University of Alabama. More than 200 scientists crowded into 80

talks about ionic fluids at the American Chemical Society meeting in San Diego this month.

''It is a very exciting and promising young field,'' said Dr. Robert Morland, a senior scientist at

BP Amoco Chemicals. ''It's just beginning to emerge.'' The most evident advantage of ionicliquids is environmental. Chemical reactions producing materials ranging from polyester to

pharmaceuticals generally employ organic solvents -- a commonplace example of one is paint

thinner -- but their fumes are often dangerous if inhaled and can contribute to the formation of smog.



~ 9 ~

Most ionic liquids emit hardly any fumes, and they can usually be easily recycled and reused,eliminating many of the problems and costs of disposing of solvents. ''If, in fact, that turns out to

be true, it may create an economic advantage,'' Dr. Morland said. The resemblance of ionic

liquids to table salt is in their chemical bonds.

Sodium chloride, the chemical name of table salt, consists of equal parts of sodium and chloride.

Because of how the laws of quantum mechanics place electrons around a nucleus of an atom, a

sodium atom has a loose hold on its outermost electron. (Think of the electrons filling seats in anauditorium. A sodium atom has, in essence, a single atom sitting alone in the upper balcony.)

By contrast, the top level of electrons in a chlorine atom is full save for one spot (just one empty

seat in the balcony). A chlorine atom will readily yank the loose electron away from a nearby

sodium atom. That electron shift leaves the sodium positively charged and the chlorine

negatively charged, and the two are pulled together like socks with static cling. The sodium andchlorine pairs then neatly stack up into a crystal of salt.

Heated, the atoms in salt crystal start vibrating. Heated to 1,474 degrees Fahrenheit, thevibrations become so strong that the salt crystal melts into a liquid. Hot molten sodium chloride

is of little use, but in an ionic liquid, a molecule with a similar loose electron takes the place of

sodium and a second molecule is inserted for electron-grabbing chlorine.

Because the molecules are larger than sodium and chlorine atoms, they do not stack as neatly.

The molecules are not held together as tightly, and the compound melts at much lower temperatures. Some ionic liquids are still liquids at temperatures as cold as -130 degrees

Fahrenheit.

Because the liquid is made of ions rather than molecules, the chemical properties are different

from those of conventional organic solvents. ''It's not surprising everything we see is brand new

chemistry,'' Dr. Seddon said.



~ 10 ~

Vocabulary check

Find the colored words and look them up in the dictionary. There

are ten (10) of them.

__________

1. ______________________________________________________

__________

2. ______________________________________________________

__________

3. ______________________________________________________

__________

4. ______________________________________________________

__________

5. ______________________________________________________

__________ 6. ______________________________________________________

__________

7. ______________________________________________________

__________

8. ______________________________________________________

__________

9. ______________________________________________________

___________

10. ______________________________________________________



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__________

11. ______________________________________________________

__________

12. ______________________________________________________

__________

13. ______________________________________________________

__________

14. ______________________________________________________

__________

15. ______________________________________________________

__________

16. ______________________________________________________

__________

17. ______________________________________________________



~ 12 ~

Step 4

Step 4 is to put all the answers into paragraphs. Each of the five (5)

in section one (1) is a paragraph. You will have a 5 paragraph essay

now.

1. Ionic Chemicals

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

2.______________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

3.______________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________



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_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

4.______________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

5.______________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________



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Step 5 is to add an introduction and a conclusion. Do this for your

essay homework.

Graphic Organization ~

Main topic = 5 Paragraph Topics

Maintopic

paragraph 1

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

paragraph 2 ____________ ____________

____________ ____________

paragraph 3

____________

____________ ____________ ____________

paragraph 4 ____________

____________ ____________ ____________

paragraph 5

____________

____________ ____________ ____________



~ 15 ~

Discussion Graphic ~ How are ionic chemicals linked to the environment?

Answer ~ I think ionic chemicals (are / are not) an answer because……

Problem /

Environment and City

Development

Ionic chemicals are goodfor the environment, sothe city should use them

only.

Respond

Respond

A city controls theirenvironment as it

develops.

Respond

Respond

Companies should spendmore money ondeveloping ionic

chemicals.

Respond

Respond



~ 16 ~

graphic ~ choose one statement from the list

above.

Write it here _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

To make your argument you should understand that they are connected.

In the next two charts (1) list your argument facts and ideas, (2) show how your argument

connects to both the center point and the other points.

Facts

For Against

1

2

3

4

5

6



~ 17 ~

graphic ~ choose one statement from the list above.

Now start the .

As a team choose which points they will speak about.

Each person will listen for the opposite point and create a new

response to what the other person has said.

A: point 1

B: responds to the point and give a new point.

C: responds to B and give a new point.

After all persons have spoken each person can respond to any point given by the

opposite team, or add more points from their team which will need responding to from

the opposite team.

If this -- then

If this -- then

If this -- then

If this -- then

If this -- then

Write your statement position here.

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

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