reproductive. male anatomy function-produces sperm (male gamete) testes- produce sperm enclosed by...
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Body SystemsReproductive
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Male AnatomyFunction-produces sperm (male gamete)
Testes-Produce spermEnclosed by scrotumLocated outside of body-(2º C cooler)
Muscles in scrotum –contract to keep warm, relax to cool
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SpermProduced my meiosis in the seminiferous tubulesTakes 74 days to matureProduce 300 million/dayCan live up to 48 hours in female genital urinary tractMature in EpidymusStored in Vas DeferensPropelled through urethra penis –(peristalsis movement)
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1.Seminal Vesicles- Located at base of bladderMucous like fluid (60% of volume)Contains citrate- provides energy
2.Prostate GlandProduces thinner, alkaline fluidHelps sperm swim
3.Bulbourethral GlandProduces an alkaline fluidThis neutralizes the acidic urine in the urethra
SPERM + FLUID = SEMEN
Sperm mixes with fluid from 3 glands:
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PUBERTYThis is when secondary sex characteristics appearMales have increased hair growth, increased muscle mass, increased bone growth, deepening of voiceHypothalamus acts on the Pituitary gland
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Pituitary gland produces- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone
FSH an LH both act on the testes: FSH aids in sperm production LH aids in producing testosterone- which helps in sperm productionTestosterone responsible for secondary sex characteristics Male Hormones regulated by negative Feedback
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Female anatomy- produces eggs
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OvarySite of egg productionNormally 2 presentEgg production is done during embryonic growthFemale born with approximately 2 million potential eggs- stopped at Meiosis Prophase IEggs rest at this point until puberty( about 400K left)One egg per month is release at time of ovulation.At ovulation egg finishes final stages of meiosis
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Oviduct- site of egg fertilization carries egg from ovary to uterusUterus- muscular organ site of fertilized egg implantationCervix- opening of uterusVagina- passageway to outside of body
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PubertyThis is when secondary sex characteristics appearFemales have increased hair growth, breast development, increased bone growth, broadening of the hips, beginning of menstrual cycle
Hypothalamus acts on the Pituitary gland
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Pituitary gland produces-
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Leutinizing Hormone
FSH an LH both act on the ovaries: FSH -stimulates development of follicle-(cells
around developing egg cell),causes ovary to release estrogen
Estrogen is responsible for secondary sex
characteristics
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Menstrual CycleBegins at pubertyuntil age 45/50Females will release approximately 400 eggs over their lifetimeCycle lasts about 28 days
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What happens?Ovary produces eggUterine lining is getting ready for egg implantation- increased tissue, blood supplyFollicle left in ovary becomes the CORPUS LUTEUMCL secretes Estrogen and ProgesteroneProgesterone changes lining of uterusNo egg implanted, lining sloughs off menstruation begins
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Flow- Days 1-6 Lining expelled- Bleeding FSH to help get new egg ready for release 2. Follicular- Days 6-14 (OVULATION ON DAY 14) Estrogen - uterine lining repaired LH - causes follicle to rupture Body temperature will increase slightly- 0.5° C Luteal- Day 15-28 LH stimulates Corpus Luteum which produces progesterone and estrogen If egg is fertilized- IMPLANTATION of Zygote No fertilization- progesterone and estrogen cause FSH and LH to Corpus Luteum disintegrates.
3 Phases to the Menstruation Cycle- Flow, Follicular, Luteal
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Human DevelopmentEgg viable for 24 hoursFertilization occurs in oviduct- moves to uterus in 6 days1 cell divides forms hollow ball- BlastocystBlastocyst attaches to uterine lining ( IMPLANTATION)Placenta formed to transport O2 and nutrients through chorionic villusChorionic membrane secretes hCG ( human gonadotropin hormone) hCG detected in pregnancy test
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Gestation280 days1st trimester- organs form2nd trimester- body growth, fetal movement3rd trimester- growth
Birth- labor –contractionsUterus dilates- 10cmExpulsion of baby via uterine contractionsPlacenta expelled after birthUmbilical Cord cut and clamped
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Oxytocin released by pituitary gland which begins contractions.Prolactin produced to begin milk production. As baby nurses this stimulation increases the amount of Prolactin so that more milk is produced.