reported speech 2

When do we use it?REPORTED SPEECH is used to tell what

someone said. Yet, we do not repeat all the words exactly.

REAL WORDS (direct speech): Tom said: “We are going to the cinema this afternoon.”

REPORTED SPEECH:Tom said that they were going to the cinema that

afternoon.

ChangesChanges Types of changes:

1. Verb Tenses2. Time and place adverbial expressions3. Logical change of pronouns

EXAMPLE DIRECT: Mary said: “They are seeing me

tomorrow” REPORTED: Mary said that they were seeing her

the following day

Verb TensesDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH

PRESENT We study

We are studying

PAST We studied

We were studying

FUTURE We will study

REPORTED SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH

• PAST• She said that they studied• She said that they were studying

• PAST PERFECT• She said that they had studied• She said that they had been

studying

• CONDITIONAL• She said that they would study

List of Verb ChangesList of Verb ChangesTENSE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLE I play tennis with my friends

She said that she played tennis with her friends

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I am playing tennis with my friends

She said that she was playing tennis with her friends

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

I have played tennis with my friends

She said that she had played tennis with her friends

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I have been playing tennis with my friends

She said that she had been playing tennis with her friends

PAST SIMPLE I played tennis with my friends


PAST CONTINUOUS I were playing tennis with my friends


PAST PERFECT SIMPLE I had played tennis with my friends


PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I had been playing tennis with my friends


FUTURE SIMPLE I will play tennis with my friends

She said that they would play tennis with her friends

Changes in ModalsDIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

CAN COULDMAY MIGHT

MUST / HAVE TO HAD TOWILL WOULD

Time and Place Adverb ChangeTime and Place Adverb ChangeDIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

Now ThenToday That day

Tonight That nightYesterday The previous day / the day before Last week The previous week / the week before

A __________ ago The previous ______ / the _____ before

Tomorrow The following day / the day after / the next day

Next ___________ The following ________ / the _______ afterHere ThereThis

TheseThat Those

Reported statementsPay attention to the changes mentioned

before.'That‘ can be omited with “TELL & SAY”:

She told him that he was a fool.She told him he was a fool.She said that I was rightShe said I was right

Remember not to use inverted commas.Observe that when you use TELL, you must

mention “the person you’re speaking to”John said: “Ann, I’m very happy.”John told Ann that he was very happy.

Same changes as for statements.In “REPORTED QUESTIONS” we do not have a

question structure, now we have a “statement” Subject + verb + complements

Paul asked: “Are you coming to the party tonight, Jane?” Paul asked Jane if she was coming to the party that night.

Types of questions:1.1. YES/NO QUESTIONSYES/NO QUESTIONS: IF / WHETHER + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS

Paul asked : "Do you play volleyball?" Paul asked me whether (or if) I played volleyball.

2.2. WH- QUESTION WH- QUESTION : WH- + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS

John asked: "When do you play badminton?" John asked me when I played badminton.

Reporting verbs

We can use other verbs instead of say and tell when we report statements:

explain, admit, add, promise, warn, complain, boast (hvalisati se), agree, confess, predict, deny, reveal, confirm, claim, argue, observe, answer, reply, swear

Other Other reporting structuresreporting structuresWe can use other structures when we report offers, promises,

requests, commands, suggestions etc.

Verb + infinitive with toagree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten

He agreed not to tell anyone elseVerb + object + infinitive with totell, advise, ask, ordered, forbid, instruct, invite, encourage, remind, warn,

persuade, beg, command, request, dare, urge

Mu mum reminded me to take my passport.Verb + gerundadmit, deny, recommended, suggest, report, mention, propose

He admitted stealing the purse.

Verb + preposition + gerundapologise for, boast of, confess to, insist onThe driver apologised for arriving late at the destination.

Verb + object + preposition + gerundaccuse sb of, warn sb against, congratulate sb onThe police warned us against going into the park at night.

Verb + that + should clauseDemand, insist, suggest, propose, recommend, request, adviceI suggested that we should begin the meeting early.

In very formal English we can occasionally use the subjunctive with these verbs.

He insisted that she leave.The minister proposed that all illegal immigrants be sent back to their country

of origin.






of origin.






of origin.






of origin.

SUBJUNCTIVE - KONJUKTIVKonjunktiv je glagolski način kojim se izražava nada, želja, nesigurnost u neku tvrdnju ili neka nemoguća pretpostavka. Dakle, konjunktiv engleskog jezika ne iznosi činjenice, već izražava neku nestvarnu situaciju ili radnju. Također prikazuje radnju za koju želimo da se dogodi. Koristi se najčešće u zavisnim rečenicama. If I were a boy… I swear I'd be a better man.

Vrste konjunktiva engleskog jezika

U engleskom jeziku najčešće se pojavljuju dva oblika konjunktiva. Možeš ih vidjeti u nastavku ovog teksta. Uz njih postoji i budući konjunktiv engleskog jezika. On se koristi izrazito rijetko, pa ćemo preskočiti detalje o njemu. Konjunktiv sadašnji (eng. present subjunctive) - za njegovu tvorbu obrati pozornost na sljedeće:U trećem licu jednine konjunktiv sadašnji nema uobičajeni nastavak –s ili –es. Glagol be u svim licima prezenta ima oblik be (umjesto uobičajenih am / is / are).If a driver be found drunk, he will lose his driver license.

Konjunktiv prošli (eng. past subjunctive) - uvijek izriče neku nemoguću pretpostavku, jer je uvjet postavljen u prošlo vrijeme. Prilikom upotrebe suvremenog engleskog jezika, konjunktiv prošli izražavamo samo sa were. If she were my best friend, she would be here today. (Da je ona moja najbolja prijateljica…)If he were here, he would know what to do. (Da je on ovdje, znao bi što učiniti.)If I were on the beach…(Da sam na plaži… )

reported speech 2

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