reported speech -...
TRANSCRIPT
Reported Speech Application of Grammar
Marathwada Mitra
Mandal’s Polytechnic
Dr. Sandeep Patil General Science & Humanities Department
DIRECT SPEECH
When you want to say what other person said before, you can use that person's own words: Tom: "It's cold now". Tom said: "It's cold now".
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
INDIRECT SPEECH
Or you can use indirect speech "reporting" what the other person said: Tom: "It's cold now". Tom said that it was cold.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TELL OR SAY?
We use tell if we want to mention the hearer, and this verb always need an Indirect Object. He told her that he couldn't go.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TELL OR SAY?
We use say when we do not mention the hearer: He said he wouldn't go.
We can mention the hearer adding "to": He said to her that...
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TELL OR SAY?
We don't have to add "that" after "tell" or "say" if we don't want to. In formal texts it's better to keep it.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
OTHER REPORTING VERBS
We can sue a clause with that with admit, advise,
agree, insist, promise, remind, suggest and warn.
They are used like say and tell.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
CHANGES
When we report someone's words, some changes take place: Person Time/place Verbs tenses
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
CHANGES of PERSON
I ➪ he/she
my ➪ his/her
we ➪ they
ours ➪ theirs
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
CHANGES of TIME
here ➪ there
now ➪ then
today ➪ that day
yesterday ➪ the day before
the previous day
tomorrow ➪ the next day
the following day
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
CHANGES of TIME
this week ➪ that week
last week ➪ the previous week
a year ago ➪ the year before
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TENSE CHANGES
present simple ➪ past simple
He is tired ➪ He was tired
Present perfect ➪ Past perfect
He has eaten ➪ He had eaten
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TENSE CHANGES
present continuous ➪ past continuous
He is playing ➪ He was playing
Future simple ➪ Conditional
He will go ➪ He would go
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TENSE CHANGES
Can ➪ could
He can play ➪ He could play
Must ➪ had to
He must go ➪ He had to go
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TENSE CHANGES
past simple ➪ past perfect
➪ past simple
He went ➪ he went
➪ he had gone
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TENSE CHANGES
These modal verbs do not change:
• could
• should
• might
• ought to
• would
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
TENSE CHANGES
We don't have to change the tense if the sentence
refers to something general or that is still true:
I love playing cards; She said that she loves playing
cards.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
REPORTED QUESTIONS
We do not use auxiliaries in reported questions: He wanted to know if I was coming with them.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
REPORTED QUESTIONS
WORD ORDER: The word order in reported questions is the same as in a positive sentence: He asked me if I had some money.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
WH- QUESTIONS
We can report questions with verbs like ask, wonder or want to know. What's the time? He wanted to know ➪ He asked ➪ what the time was. He wondered ➪
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
YES/NO QUESTIONS
They are introduced by if or whether. Are you happy? She wanted to know if/whether I was happy.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
ASKING FOR INFORMATION
To ask politely for information we can use a
phrase like:
• Could you tell me...?
• Do you know...?
• Have you any idea...?
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
REQUESTS AND ORDERS
We can use the structure tell/ask someone ot do something. Go inside: She asked me to go inside. She told me to go inside.
Don't go inside: She asked me not to go inside. She told me not to go inside.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
OFFERS, SUGGESTIONS AND MORE
We can use agreee, offer, promise, refuse and
threaten with a to-infinitive:
I'll open the windows.
He offered to open the windows.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
OFFERS, SUGGESTIONS AND MORE
We can also use an object + to-infinitive after
advise, invite, remind and warn.
Don't forget to bring the toys.
He reminded me to bring the toys.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
OFFERS, SUGGESTIONS AND MORE
We can use admit, apologize for, insist on and
suggest followed by an -ing form.
You should play cards with us.
He insisted on playing cards.
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH
Thank You…!
Dr Sandeep Patil
Asst. Professor,
General Science & Humanities Department
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
Mob. +91 99609 44322
Email [email protected]
Dr. Sandeep Patil
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic
ENGLISH