Report from the US Collaboration Panel Rik Wanninkhof

NOAA/AOML, Miami [For the 4th time] On behalf of Richard Feely, Associated US representative SSC

USA- Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program

Program highlights for 2008 Repeat Hydrography Ocean Observatories Coastal Ocean SO Gas Exchange

Future directions:

2nd US Carbon Cycle Science Plan Ecosystem impacts Carbon Management

OCB: Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program

OCB Mission:To establish the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental change, through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems

Benway and Doney

To promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners

NACPNorth American Carbon Program

SOLASSurface-Ocean Lower AtmosphereStudy

OCCCOcean Carbon & Climate Change

IMBERIntegrated Marine Biogeochemistryand Ecology

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF OCB?WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF OCB?

Benway and Doney

OCB OVERARCHING OCB OVERARCHING SCIENTIFIC THEMESSCIENTIFIC THEMES

Improve understanding and prediction of:

1) Oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases;

2) Climate sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles and interactions with ecosystem structure

Benway and Doney

CURRENT OCB RESEARCH PRIORITIESCURRENT OCB RESEARCH PRIORITIES

• Ocean acidification

• Terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges

• Climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles

• Mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions

• Benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles

• Ocean carbon uptake and storage

Benway and Doney

Annual meetings: July, Woods HoleScoping workshops:Ocean acidification, Gulf of Mexico, Ocean Time series, Southern Ocean

US CLIVAR CO2 Repeat Hydrography http://ushydro.ucsd.edu/

Joint funding from NSF and NOAA with different funding mechanismsOf Note:- 5-year Renewal to NSF in place

- 2009- Indian Ocean - Further collaborations with EU in Atlantic- Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Panel (GO-SHIP)

I5: March-May, 2009I7N: August-Sept, 2009

SO Gas Ex,Feb 2008

E-MLR along density, Atlantic A16

Estimates of ocean inventory changes in anthropogenic carbon (mol C m-2yr-1) over the last decade. (0.5 mol C m-2yr-1 ≈ 2 Pg C)

Atlantic (25°W) Pacific (152°W) Indian (80˚E)Northern Hemisphere 0.63 0.25 0.4*Southern Hemisphere 0.75 0.41 0.5*b * preliminary, Takahashi (

Decadal Changes in Canthro

CyberinfrastructureCyberinfrastructure

CoastalCoastal

Technology Expanded power and

bandwidth to the seafloor Interactive capabilities Integrated components Reconfigurable network

components New way to provide

access to the ocean for education/public awareness

Ocean Observatories InitiativeOcean Observatories InitiativeRegionalRegional

Science* Long time-series across

multiple spatial scales* Investigate short-term episodic

events * Multi-disciplinary approach to

study complex natural systems and non-linear processes

* Complex models for analysis and prediction

GlobalGlobal

Modified from S. Walker (NSF)

US Coastal Observations

A comprehensive sustained observing strategy to quantify Coastal CO2 dynamics and impacts:

-Call for study of Gulf of Mexico (GOM)-Ocean Acidification impacts in Eastern boundary upwelling systems

Aragonite undersaturation along the West Coast of US(Feely et al. 2008)

Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Study

Ho et al.

Initial results suggest gas transfer velocities in accord with modified 14C inventory of Sweeney et al. (2007)

A comprehensive study of factors and parameters affecting surface concentrations and gas transfer in the Southern Ocean

Future (1)

A second US Carbon Cycle Science PlanRationale: A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan (Sarmiento and Wofsy, 1999) is 10 years old.It is time to take a fresh look at the scientific questions and priorities detailed in that report. The carbon cycle science working group will be responsible for developing an updated, revised, or new science plan for U.S.carbon cycle science, identifying challenges and priorities for the nextdecade (~2010-2020) and involving the broader community.

Co-leadersMichalak, Anna M. - University of MichiganJackson, Robert B. - Duke UniversityMarland, Gregg - Oak Ridge National Lab.Sabine, Chris L. - NOAA/PMEL

Most influential input into the Carbon Cycle chapter of the 2003 Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program. (CCSP) is nowworking on a minor update of its 2003 Strategic Plan and a major revision in 2009. CCSP leaders have asked the Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group (CCIWG) to identify by January 2009 the "building blocks" it will use to develop its contribution to the revised strategicplan.

Future (2)

An increasing focus on impacts (rather) than sole focus on perturbations:

Impact of increasing CO2 on oceanic ecosystems CoralsImpacts on higher trophic levels and geochemical cycles by stress to calcifiers

Impacts of climate change and human perturbations on oceanic carbon cycle Water cycle (and ocean circulation)

Temp. increase Perturbation originating from land (Agricultural practices)

Multi-stressor impacts on oceanic carbon cycle

Future (3)

Carbon Management and Mitigation Strategies

“Top Down Requests” with questions such as: “Is it possible to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide by storing it in another part of the Earth system?” “How will the carbon cycle adjust in response to possible human interventions to manage it?”

A US National Climate Service

Draft legislation from the House and the Senate call for NOAA to establish a National Climate Service: HR XXX [BOUCHER and DINGELL] Climate Change Bill, Oct. 7, 2008: S. 2307 [KERRY] Title II National Climate Service, May 22, 2008

Ocean Acidification Research

National academy panel to report direction of OA research (Spring 2009)