NOAA Coastal CONOAA Coastal CO2 2

Measurements & SynthesisMeasurements & Synthesis

Christopher Sabine, Richard Feely, Simone Alin, Rik Wanninkhof, and many others

North AmericanNorth American

Carbon ProgramCarbon Program

Inventorychanges

adapted from Sabine et al., 2004

Global Carbon Budget for 2000-2005

Air-sea fluxesCoastal

ExchangesOcean Acidification

Coastal Cruises 2007:West Coast (May–June) & Gulf/East Coast (July–August)

• 111 stations on 13 transects on West Coast cruise and 90 stations on 9 transects on 111 stations on 13 transects on West Coast cruise and 90 stations on 9 transects on Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruiseGulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise

• Depth profile measurements include: temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic Depth profile measurements include: temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, nutrients, oxygen, organic carbon, oxygen isotopes, and more...carbon, alkalinity, nutrients, oxygen, organic carbon, oxygen isotopes, and more...

General Oceanics 8050 pCO2 SystemDesign/development by Rik Wanninkhof, Dick Feely, Craig Neill, and others

The Basics:The Basics: • Daily satellite data transmission.Daily satellite data transmission.

• Can be outfitted with sensors for Can be outfitted with sensors for DO, pH, chl a, NODO, pH, chl a, NO33, etc., etc.

• LI-COR 7000 NDIR detector to LI-COR 7000 NDIR detector to measure air and water COmeasure air and water CO22..

• Series of gas standards Series of gas standards traceable to WMO standards.traceable to WMO standards.

NOAA Coastal Underway pCONOAA Coastal Underway pCO22 Systems SystemsNOAA Ship McArthur II

NOAA Ship Ronald H. BrownContainer Ship Cap Van Diemen

Cruise Ship Explorer of the Seas Container Ship OOCL Tianjin

NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter

NOAA Ship David Starr Jordan

Container Ship Skogafoss

PMEL Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2) systeminitial design from the MBARI drifters of Gernot Friedrich and Francisco Chavez

The Basics:The Basics: • Self-contained modular unit Self-contained modular unit designed to fit a range of buoys.designed to fit a range of buoys.

• Daily satellite data transmission.Daily satellite data transmission.

• LI-COR 820 NDIR detector to LI-COR 820 NDIR detector to measure air and water COmeasure air and water CO22..

• Gas calibration traceable to Gas calibration traceable to WMO standards.WMO standards.

Sabine et al. (in prep.)

Average annual pCO2 cycle at coastal moorings (2006–2008)

Linkages with other coastal issues & processesLand-useLand-useHypoxiaHypoxia

AcidificationAcidification

Sources: Hales et al. (2006), Doney et al. (2007), Donner & Kucharik (2008)

pCO2 variability in a Hawaiian Coral Reef

Work conducted in Work conducted in collaboration with:collaboration with:

Carbon System Data from Jorge Corredor (UPRM)CO2 variability in a

Caribbean Coral Reef

Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009

Purposes- The purposes of this subtitle are to provide for--

(1) development and coordination of a comprehensive interagency plan to--

(A) monitor and conduct research on the processes and consequences of ocean acidification on marine organisms and ecosystems; and

(B) establish an interagency research and monitoring program on ocean acidification;

(2) establishment of an ocean acidification program within the National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration;

(3) assessment and consideration of regional and national ecosystem and

socioeconomic impacts of increased ocean acidification; and

(4) research adaptation strategies and techniques for effectively conserving

marine ecosystems as they cope with increased ocean acidification.

Potential ocean acidification monitoring sites in open-ocean and coastal regions, and potential coral reef ocean acidification monitoring sites for time series measurements and process studies.

Global Ocean Acidification Monitoring Sites inCoral Reefs and Open Ocean Regions

NOAA’s Preliminary Plans for a Coastal Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network

AOOS

NAOOS

CenCOOS

SCCOOS

GCOOS CaRA

SECOORA

MACOORA

NERACOOS

Opportunities for Collaboration with IOOS

• Design and implement a coastal observing program, that Design and implement a coastal observing program, that includes carbon, utilizing a variety of platforms includes carbon, utilizing a variety of platforms

• Work together to develop coastal modeling efforts that Work together to develop coastal modeling efforts that include biogeochemical interactions.include biogeochemical interactions.

• Coordinate data management activitiesCoordinate data management activities

• Collaborate on methods evaluations and establishing Collaborate on methods evaluations and establishing standardized best practicesstandardized best practices

• Collaboration on data interpretation.Collaboration on data interpretation.

Thank you for your time!Thank you for your time!

Theme 1: Monitoring Ocean Acidification

Ωarag = 1

Chemical and Physical Monitoring Biological Monitoring

National Marine Sanctuary Sentinel Sites

Theme 2: Biogeochemical Models and Experiments

Down-scale global models for local predictions

Pug

et

Sou

nd

che

mis

try

Experiments on ocean carbon cycle

Hind Casts of historical carbon chemistry

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

1968 1978 1988 1998 2008

Year

Pte

ropo

ds (

per

m3)

8

8.05

8.1

8.15

8.2

8.25

8.3

App

rox.

pH

Theme 3: Assessing Species Response

pH M e te r &C ontrole r

M a ke up F low

R e s e rvoir

E xpos ure T a nk

C O 2 :

200 a tm

C O 2 :99 .8%

C O 2 :

ta rge t a tmpH

S e ns or

G a sR e gula tor

G a sR e gula tor

P a c ke dC olum n

P re s s ureR e lie f

P um p D is c ha rge

O pe n if h igh pH(N orm a llyC los e d)

O pe n if low pH(N orm a llyC los e d)

S tudy O rga nis m(e .g . oys te r la rva e )

Unknown (Gastropods), n=26,

(25%)

Aragonite only, n=49, (46%)

Calcite only, n=2, (2%)Mostly argonite,

some calcite, n=9, (9%)

Mostly calcite, some aragonite, n=10,

(10%)

No Calcium Carbonate, n=8, (8%)

Priority Species:• Ecological importance• Economic importance• Vulnerability• Feasibility

Theme 4: Forecasting Ecosystem Response

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Fishing mortality rate

La

nd

ing

s, m

etr

ic t

on

s

Species Life-cycle Analysis Modules (SLAM)

EcoPath with EcoSim)

Atlantis

Baseline

Acidification

En

glis

h S

ole

La

nd

ing

s

Theme 5: Human Dimensions

Crabs = $143 millionBivalves = $115 million

Ecosystem Services Decision Support System

e.g. SMAST Fisheries Decision Support System

Theme 6: Education and Outreach

National Marine Sanctuaries Museums & Aquaria

Edu

catio

n

First ocean acidification mooring in the Gulf of Alaska at Station Papa

Preliminary results show a clear seasonal trend in pH and a strong correlation with pCO2

Note: pH scale is reversed Collaborative ocean acidification observing system on the U.S. west coast with support from international, federal and state agencies. Depends on a highly coordinated NOAAobservations and modeling effort.

Moored pCOMoored pCO22 Program ProgramC.L. Sabine (PMEL), F. Chavez (MBARI), S. Maenner (PMEL),

S. Musielewicz (PMEL) and G. Friederich (MBARI)

Goal:

Approach:

http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/moorings

Achievements: We are at nearly 20% of array design with 5 systems on TAO array, 3 in the North Pacific (including Papa) and 1 in the South Pacific.

Develop an inexpensive, robust, accurate pCO2 system that can be deployed on a variety of mooring and drifter configurations for up to a year at a time.

To evaluate the temporal variability in air-sea CO2 fluxes by conducting high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary layer and surface ocean pCO2.

Planned West Coast CO2 Observational Network