AD

• gM.ORAND JM REPORT BRL-MR-3628

NIGHT RECONNAISSANCE OPERATIONSIN MISSION ORIENTEDPROTECTIVE POSTURE

CHARLES H. WVICKJOHN A. MORRIS SEY

J. TERRENCE KLOPCIC DTt CSE E L.CTEL

OCTOBER 1987 MAR 2 11988

H

APPROVEID FOR PUBLIC RELEA$,; DISTrdUTION UNLIMrrED.

. , BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORYA-ihBAd)EEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

c8 8tiB9opy

•, r _LT• WNtPICE

Li.Lii .cr '.h~it rý I~ longer ne-3ded. 1JQ NYP ret~urn it- to --te

t•.... o•~' t 3c•f t -iis reNtt.t vy be obtained fraon the National yechnicaii;&rA•n•t.2, .•-T: ce, U.S. ]x:tx'rtzent of Czrmrce, Springfield, VA 22161.

V,-z f indi:nýgs of this repor-t aire not to be construed as an official Departximt.M thA�r�my pýsition, uilesý& o) desiginated by other authorized documents.

'f`O? u-,se of trade names ou" manufacturers' names in this report does not con-stitute indorsermnt of any commercial product.

C'

'UNC!.ASSI 'I ED

REPRT )C~E~ATI14PAGREAD Vcs_-. _N~ jRPR MgNAINPGOE: BEFORE COM~nPL =0OS3%m

GOV'eR ACCCIMS1 9*0 3 9ECIPlIEa.-S CAT ALOG .USER

A MIEZORANUUtJN RE-PORT ARBRL-:.CR- 3ý2S___

TITLIE ~~ 0.ý&~ll)YEO REPORT & PC;GAZ COVERE*O

N JGT EONASMEOPERATIONS IN____________NAT,OENTEMD PROTCTIVE poST.LIM f M.PR~RG ORG. RE-PORT mumeE.A

e. CC-iTRACT. OR QN a.E'';

CHRE _WICK, JwEN _:k. ?rORRj;SEryI1 3 xMiRENJCE KIOPCIC___________

~.PERPOPJA2StG c.GIAaL AEAK 0R- ~ Cai a~iPOE.

U-S. Army Ballistic Resear-ch LaboratoryATINK: SJ'BMR-VL-I 11 1162618Ai.80 2Aberrdeeaia :ro-vincg Groun-d, E D ?jO-() _______________

%L or0ILLISOcFZCE i4AIM RJi AMEDRESSF j 1 RE-PORT DA-.=-

~- lU-S. ArmY &adlistic 'Resezrzh Laborator-1 *

T IN: SmIzB-DDjr-T %1m-_,; 1A-tU10erderm ProvingE graui-. - mD p~ 5j3

14 abTRGAG=-CI NAME A 0LU4,rFESS0I ff== S~ftZ= Om_.) 15LSz~CUR:T- CLASS- fbfotj rap~e~j

_kOr~e for imlcrelease; distributi-on Is L.. m DtASCebndO.A±)

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,- lif

5- ~ --. IZ.

KZ.~s~EY O =0RU aE=z!im cm ,tae 3=ckvs c*r V -4csw areS

Nign Reeanna-disa-ce MPPiDeiae Efcivns

I _ _ _ _ _ _k

46f *7

night recoma~i ssan-ce opzt ons I whc Iqetvrsc eslir

&.3 the duaio f the miss beyui of uneraint abut

loc4,anofcemaniers :mreds Tooe ealcuat te tis act chemica and

prviade a quantitative eztimate :)f thle degradation ins Derforman--asgbt reconnissancee taskcs weme p~xformed in a field environ-

- V- - ... -X% FCA., OF- PAZ- CSb M-

-UCLASSIFIED

$~U~Y AS1~mCAT8jOj or-. ;S PA;nb Dafs ~f

ment, at moderate temeratures (52-84F). The tzsks included: Iroute reconnaissance, movement to two objectives, air and watersampling, hasty sketches of an objective, emplace a claymore mine "

and photography of a target. These operations were performed by"severa 1 *ts who =aternated starts while wearing the standardhbttle dress uniforp (-Df) and the HOPPIV ense.bie, individuals .

""were hichily notivated, in h;gh physical readiness and Ischoo- Ical!y prepared for lt" .e _atzon.

Data were analyre•a tsing standard statistical procedures. A -"mOP•VPi- correctic-n _aczor was defined as that value by which the -

I time to combnete a Drocedure rB BDU should be multiplied to_-M"de- the tine reauired to cc 1 et"e the task while wearing -"Pr r the n-ght reconnaissance tasks are:.•PI_-. These f~acztors fo- . nga

IxSCorrecti1on Factors for Wearing .OPIV E 7

| " ask -Factor1 Probable Ptange

a --Rco aissance 1-2 0.9-1.5i Mov.e tc First Obje--ive | 4 ,-2-..

S-Take Ai•r S- .0e -l.6-1.2

Haove to S-econd Obiecive 1 ".3-1.8 I j1eo3 -e•;a"e First Water Sa=I! " 1 - 1-Is . l . 0. - .8I'

Make Hast- Sketch of Dams 1. ! 0.8-1.31 Take Second Water Sa i -4-3 1.0-1 -7S=a p "-| 1. L0-•.--

MoVe to Extra-c Point z .-

I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-_ *_&Pxbal n :ot dgra-dedS

-=11 the niqhi reco_ .-- 'ssnC-. tasks can be compleledz lo• -_ d islo_ fs-a•ha•s evocr•ei~ie Wearing MOPPIV, there are cerltain considerations• which need,

to ~ _ beoiz-A irt -ss of stath_ n _erc oc urfe 11-- to icre-as_-ed nois=e and lack of practice. Second. breathing I

s diff hil wearing the -ask, considered tobe into overeathi--a the mask during exerion, and water in- t

-filter ele-en whi"ch res-itled from i.-creas- ersdire-ion. eL-UIt noes nerspirat�• _soaked with esxtensove work. What "nm-pact this has on suit value must be fz'rther evaluated. Wate

u•0id-u of water in the -ask and gloves was noticeable and a

concern in extended onerations as hands become sensitive and "-hperhydrated Cev__xc-c- have inadequate traction and "road feelO

I I resulting in a characteristic "shuffle walk" and frequent stzum-bling and falls. Teams wearxing HMOP-IV tend to move closer to Iroads than teans ieearin B . Although a correction factor was

& not determined for pVhotographi=g a Larget or for emplacement of a -.

claymore mine, both tasks were complet-d while wearing MCPPIV 1with no apzarent diffIculty. "he first-time-effect whioh can isbe exolained as a lack of ex-perie-nce gaiznEd through repe-t-it-ion oftasks- and the degradation due to lack of training are considered .

[ bo•e a -o~n~ as decrement due to the gear itself. -_

C -1 W. C L'"

- - .. . - . .. . .. . . - -. ... .. -- Ci . • . . . = : --

I. - --fP OD C O .. . . . .. . . . . . .. .... .... . .A - r... .. .. 7...

Ba k r u d. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

2. O j c i e. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

I.rve- IiOU IN........z...................................

Backgroumnd.ass.................. 4

2. Objective............................................. 5

2. Trial Matrixtc an usi-onie........... 5

-a. Tr ieyintrais......................................

b. O ....sk.....................................

a. RESUME ....................................

Ii . ResIn7-s Tp...............................................

m.Dicussic . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .

1v. Nam D. S/I So. LT-- 0 .................... 8

1 Analys s ...............................................

*2. Distmssion .............................................

a-. M..................................................... 9

Sb. Sta-t-onery, Tasks ................................. I2

c. urvey Questions ................................. 11

V. SWY/'l-fcc1CiDSIONS...................................... 13

APPENDI X A: -C imati c C- ddi-ions ............ z--.........-- 1

ND -- nI

B: Regrp~ss On. .7Iavsi s M--4- l ooda ........ ....

APE-NDI C: Regress~on Analysis Exa~ple ....................... 2

E~peof- Re-arress-ions Analy-sis.......................... .23

DISSP.38IT43iT LISTI ................ .................................... 3 1

F*.. 111

- _- ~- -~- -r ~ ~ - -q . - - .-

LIST OF TABLES

* .

TABLE 1. Performance Oriented MOPPIV Evaluations ..........

TABLE 2. Night Reconnaissance Operations ..................... 4

TABLE 3. Trial Matrix.. ..................................... 5

TABLE 4. Participant Questionnaire ........................ 6

TABLE 5. Field Data .......................................

TABLE 6. Regression results ............................... 9

TFABT.I 7. Survey Results ................................... 12

TABLE 8. MOPPIV Correction Factors ........................ 3

TAB=- A-1. Temperature and Relative Humidity ................ 17

TABLE C-1. Data Used in Example Regression .................. 28

TABLE C-2. Regressioxt Coefficients for Example .............. -8

"TABLE C-3. Calculations for ExamDie............................. 29

TABLE C-4. Example Results ...................................... 29

.4

Unsnnoi~ced 0Just ificstion

SDistribut ion/am/a:Dis Special

1 ... . .... ... . .... ...

i. INTROUCTIO

l. Background±

Troo peformuresut froradaiio eduedt phesmoical funtcttionsequipent visionnbearing, speaki cngrt manilitaery rtv and-adeThi -rotctee~ncumbrnce iswrnduce d-egradationU ionfiguratornso

refercreaed tosMsionOrento d comolet 'iie tas st andP lnsoevcaels.YIOP inahccuracy. Forpmete iupss ofo. this stuldy acurc wasens- Dotectveand thne toscmlt e au1y tabesom wasntd reasurice modte.

exetoPersonnel degradeced atio dueexvne tof this~n MOPIV =-- oun-a

otiers thsicubrne rdcs degradationfous in siulton, pr n Iresearof

and other studies of unit effectiveness and combat. readiness,field studies are necessary since laiboratory exerciseS typicall yintroduce artifacts that can bias resulIts.

To sat%-isf.Ly this need, an evalualtion was Derformed in]respon4=e to a reqruirement submitted to an extensive D-oD sponsoredand Dugway Proving Grouind (DPDG) administered Chemical B-iologicalJointL. Contact Point and Test Program, ref-.red to as Pro ect DO-4-Z9, to auan~tifv the effect that wearing MOP-ýlV1 nas on Dersonnelperformig m iita-ry tasks. The curreitZ program- includes fivesp~ec-ific operational areas (Table 1) with additional e'mThases onope_--at _ions during cold, moderate and hot t-em-pera-t-Ures.

TABLE I. Performance Oriented MOPPITV EvNaluatrions

Oerational Areas 3

Armor operations

?iain4Lenance Oi~erationsi

Mssile OzeratZions

*Night Recon Operatilons;

-~ iSig-nal Czerat-ions

The Vu-lnerabiiit'y/Lethal-:ity Division of the BdllltlResearch Laboratory (BRIL) has an extensive ongoing program fo rassessing the vulnerability of military syst~es on. the ifltegratCedbattlefield to include the effectts of convent-ional, nuclear, and.

a3

%r -W F v V, e r r ' ,rIp -0

chemical rri-itions on the effectiveness of various units. Themodel for this program is the Army Unit Resiliency Analysis(AURA) methodology. AURA utilizes inputs from all areas whichimpact on the ability of a unit to accomplish a mission includingthe effect of wearing MOPPIV. Since degradation data is notavailable in many areas and because of the need to include degra-dation performance in unit e fectiveness studies using AURA, theBRL is developing techniques to estimate personnel degradationdue to IMOPPIV. In this report, "YMOPPIV" refers to wearing of theequipment at level IV, and "MOPPIV Time" to the amgount of timerequired to complete a task while wearing level _V.

One major concern in interpreting field data is the need toestablish a degradation value. It is not unusual to find judge-ments made on the e.ffect of protective equin-ment with no realmeasurement of the effect or the variation experienced. One pur-pose of this effort is to provide a numerical estimate of theequipment effect and the asscciated variation.

This report presents the results of Night Reconnaissance

Operations conducted at Camp Pendleton6 CA in gept-ember 1985under moderate to warm temperatures (52-84 F; 11-29 C). A dailysummary of temperature and relative humidity is included inAppendix A. Trials were performed by nembers of Company C of the1st Reconnaissance Battalion, ist HMarine Division, Fleet MarineForce. All trials were held during the hours of darkness withteams remaining in MOPPIV without relief for the entire trialperiod of approximately eight hours.

2. Objective

The primary objective of this program was to evaluate theoperational capabilities and to quantify the degradation for per-sonnel dressed in complete MOPPi-V performing a night reconnais-sance mission.

42.4

1. i.T.Klopcic, and L. K. Roach, "An Introduction to the Use oftihe Army Unit Resiliency Analysis (AURA) Methoidology: VolumeT," US Army Ballistic Research iaboratory, Memorandum ReportNo. 338V, September 1984.

2. David W. Harris, "-A Degradation Analysis Methodoloc- forMaintenance,' Master of Science Thesis, Georgaa Institute ofTechnology, April 1985; Sponsor: C. Wick, BRL.

2

S. .. . .- - -= -= - " ' "' - - - --- " -• • . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . ?

. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .

1.6

- II. APPROACH

f'k~ .1. ojverview

---he measure of degradation for each performed task was thetime difference between performing the task in Battla Dress Uni-form (BMU) and I4OPPIV. For these 'trials there were three teamconsisting of fLour members each. Degradation measulr~eme-ts were

* made for team tasks, such as novemants to objectives, as well asindividual tasks.. such as taking a photograph. Accompanying eachteam -was a trained observer whose goals were to time each indivi-dual task aand rate the overall operation. The t-asks were measuredin real time and recorded on a data sheet carried by theobserver.

Individuals were trained in the appropriate mmillittary opera-t-ional speciality (MOS) and were highly motivated. Each haidL

4i ~ex-e-rience working together as a tean. The t-eams, howevrer, didnot haveI prior practice before completting the first trial off thisexercise. Teams were famniliar with chenicai porotective equip-ment, butt received no special prior instruction in the wearing orcom-plet-ing the assigned tasks in MOPPIV.

Since these tests were repetitive,. individuals gainer:experience as they progressed through the trials. In an effortto control and later estimate the experience eff~ect, a record wasnoted on the orde*r of start; ire., whether a team was -in BDU or

OPPI1V th e first tine it performed a trial. For the purposes ofthis analysis, all referenices to "first tine effec~t" pertain tothe first perfsornmace by each team.

For each trial, three items of data were recorded: fiLrst;-,thetie t cn~etea as; scodthe prttetve pro-file

(BDU/NO1PP); and third, whether it was the first trial or a sub~se-5 auent one.

A multiple linear regression technique expýlained in AppendixB, was used lto estimate the effect of the chemical protCectiveeauiTMent an-d the effect of practice on the tine to- compl ete the.rarious tasks. Asart ofteaayisi a vdL ~tta akcontaixning -cross country movement coulld not be analyzed withou-t LJirs cniering the methzods and technniques of -movement.

3. C.H. Wick, J.T. Klolac -MitnneOperations i iso

oriented Protectivue Posture Level IV (MOPPIV).' DraftC DPGRexmort 1985.

NI

-'Si

-r r I -C ýr %rIi7 n

p. 4 I I -

2. Trial Description

n The trials were designed to collect performance data from anight reconnaissance team performing a night reconnai-.sancepatrol with a mission to collect intelligence information andavoid enemy contact. The exercise was conducted during the hoursof darkness and included a route reconnaissance, target photogra-phy, movement to two objectives and the extraction point,eiplacement of claymore mines, collection of air samples, collec-tion of water samples, and the development of a hasty sketch of adam. At the first objective, claymore mines were emplaced, pho-tographs were made of a target, and an air sample was taken usingthe M256 kit. After moving to the second cbjective, an initialwater sample was taken and a hasty sketch of a dam was made.Before reaching the extraction point the team stopped and toek asecond water sample. The tasks are presented in Table 2 and were

L• completed in the listed order.

TABLE 2. Night Reconnaissance Operations

I Task I

'Route Reconnaissance

Photograph a Target I

Move to First Objective

Emplace Claymore Mine

STake Air Sample *1 IMove to Second O'biective;

Take First Water Sample

Make Hasty Sketch of DamjI ITake Second Water Sample,

Move to Extraction Point:

a. Movement Tasks. Four tasks required the teams totraverse from one identified Doint cn the course to anotner. The"-first was travel during the route reconnaissance of a road, thesecond was travel from a choke point to an observation point, thethird was travel from observation Roint to a second observationpoint, and finally, the fourth was travel to the extractionpoint. In addition to the time to complete these tasks, co- entson the ability of a team to maintain patrolling disciplines suc.'as stealth, listening, and silent communication were collected."T'he time to complete a passage from one point to another was

S .. . .. i1 i-I1 :•"il 'vr'--I f ••'''({ T{•:-t• "'] i ~ i•malii~~i ii'd l ~ i• / '•'P1OF ----1

. el mRel l ft

measured from the departure of the first person to the arrival ofthe last.

b. Other Tasks. The remaining events are considered sta-tionary tasks and, as such, were measured from the beginning ofthe activity to the conclusion. The collection of the two watersamples required a short travel distance by one team member andwas considered a part of the collection procedure. Air samplecollection using the M256 kit, the photograph, and the hastysketch were from sites occupied by the team.

3. Trial Matrix and Questionnaire

a. Trial Matrix. The order of start was recorded to assist

in determining the effect of training on performing the various

tasks. The trial matrix indicating the day, the team, and theuniform worn is given in Table 3. On the first night of opera-tions two teams completed the course; team one in BDUs and teamtwo, in MOPPIV. The team wearing XOPPIV started 30 minutes afterthe team wearing the BDUs because of darkness restrictions. itwas determined that one team per night was appropriate for thecourse and the .matrix reflects this condition for the followingdays=

TABLE 3. Trial Matrix

I Day. Team i Uniformi1 i1 1 utility!

2 3 I I oPPIV il67

3 2MOPPIVit I .L !

! 41 3 ! oPPIV!

5 2 Utility'1I 5 I 2

i 6 1 !IOPPIV ii 1 I

2 - -OPPIV1

____ 3 _____ Uti..i tyl

4e.,

Sb.. Survey. At the conclusion of a MOPPIV trial, individu-* aIs were asked to complete a questionnaire. Each was asked to

rate the perceived difficulties encountered while wearing themask, boot, and overgarment. Ths items rated are given in TableS4. Ratin~s were determined by checking one of four boxes: none.

minor, average, and major. Each box later received a numericalweight of 0, 5, 10 and 15, respectively, for further analysis.

"P. 5

. . . ... . __-- -q _-~.* . .* .* - ..**/ -~* .. . . ; " __ - ; - _II I *I1*I

1X6

TABLE 4. Participant Questionnaire

1 Numberl Situation II i i1 Mask-Vision Hampered

I 2 i Mask-Perspiration Buildup I3 Mask-Breathing Difficulties,

I 4 i Mask-Voice Communication II IS5 Boots-Movement Difficulties

] 6 I Boots-Slipping I7 Gloves-Operating Equipment

1 8 1 Gloves-Performing flasksI IS9 Overgarment-Bulkiness

i1!0 Overgarment-Heat Buidun I

III. RESULTS/DISCUSSION

in reporting the data obtained from tbe trials three dis-tinctior-s are made. The first is BDU, th.e second is MOPPIV whichrefers to the first trial in which a team wears chemical protec-tive gear, and the third is MOPPIV-2 wi.ich _s the second time ateam wears chemical protective equipment. Team numbers ending in"2B," 94," and "2" reflect this distinction respectively. Teamsperforming a trial for the first tire are identified with an "*."

1. Results

Field data is presented in the follouing tables expressed asthe time to complete a task in minutes for each team.

k

:i. 6

%

- - -- _- -.. __ i ---- : |• ii i ii ] i iii i i i ii i iF • l aV e[] n *,, -. "in * %* **i**Ur mE'-- *C% -C U~ ~

TABLE F- Field Data

I I Time in W-Inutes__ _ _ _ _ __ _ _Task ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I Ro.ute PhotIgraphj Move to I Empilace I Air S.niei.Recon Target I First Ob)I Cla,,more! I

-- 1; I Ill 1 i1 1

3•* -- s. , 112 a _18

-3 36~ 3 8 5 13 1-7I -Y.21 141~ 5 121 12 15

aII II I

2B67- 7 ,94 ai 16"t 1a M t I 9a 1 ir 9 23

2 55 T I ir o I l 13 l

S- I I I I " -

-41 5 -.4-3-B*I 1071 4 1. 1 2 1

" •I 4-i z3 1 .2 I 3 I,-

3-M21 602 . 106 I - 20

I*Uniform Fo ir- Derforn-ance

a =no daEta

TABLE 5. FieldI Data (c,,5t&__nue~fI

--I, !Time i2ii .inut5 Is___-Tasb.- ___" INE ove tz-, Take first.I Hostv I Take s-cord IMove to

Ind CI Water Samples Skstchl water Sample! Extraction-.

I P__ 89 32 31 2 5i 5192 31 j ! 50

II?-" ! :o - i I o i•

V 88 20 205

42- 60.3I 201 51 14__- 63b 5I3 392-X12 o3e tI 8s3 I Te 43o A

-• 32i 3 1 a15

I-.. I20 11 1 l2 11 32S1 3 5 35 108 109

3-Y.21 72 j 22 22 66 25

* Uniform for rizst performamc.SI inferred

2. Discus3ion

in two events, indicated b2 an '"a in Taze 5, data are notreported due to either equipment nalflinctioninnq or the ti=e-- being

* incorrectly noted. Since the data )epresented the first-t~ill-experience tor one teav in BDT-s, these losses resulted in ins,,f-Sficiont data to complete a regression an-.alvsis for either photo-graph-ng a target or iomplacing a. t aymze, in two further -instances, indicated by a nb" in Table 5, -a-ez were inferred bycross reference with other data aid as such represent a upper

7

- -- --- * ,*

bou.nd' fCr ccmW etii'a the exen'*..

During these trials no participant "dropped out" ]"ec-ause ofthe t__emperature or other conditions of the exe'rcise. The follow-

Firg olbsý--v.ations' were repor~tecd duri~ng the exercise. During onetxial a tear- attempted to *:'e a 'short-matn across a smal hillI

5- -a d~ecision which r';-siit-ed in a sliegily losiger completion time.Sits e-valuator attribuated this attenmDt to the xT-sal~z of heat b~illdup an faticu- as t~te team-~ac ju'-t fini*s~he;i climb-ing a rond witha stesep inu-line used for ths rcute recomn-a~issar'=e_ and were h--t-and tired,. Sever-il part-cipar.ts repo;rteed headrches as thie resultof pro-longed mask press~ure on the temples and others i mlicatedthat rbigoZ tha m-a-% .3n thm far'e produced 'Ceriderness. Theext-ended txezcdise in the warn ter3Derat-mr3s- produced swe~at%. in thecilowin which mada the~ hands s-L'uppery, aind teer..r Individuiils,ixith only momer-tary exceptions, rr-_ained -in _73?PI for the en-tirx-ltrial DericdM.

rV !jLSS/iSXS._

A regression analysis was us(rd t-. analyze the Fight- Racn-=naissance data. Slhis techniqus: is exDain-d in Appnendix -3 ar-d an S.exam-pe Provided in iPnendix C. A regre~ssion znalyses for eachtask perfor~f-d ui-,tha -nigt reconkn~issani.e missisn istnresented. In. addit.con, the quaE-tionnrc>'re r1ý1z-t31sCes- arepresent-d- and dis-cussed.

1_ Analysis

Tas'k-, were an&'Iyzed -eing tfle recqres!ýiotehiae Theresults of these analyses are t,_iven in Table 6, where T JIs thepracticed,- unen~cum-birred icerni, a' is= the cllt:,thinc correct~lon, and

- b' is tha training. corre~ctict.. !Die M21~Priq degradatinn -atrfor

any part cular Gakj eie i /( i. TegIcorrection factor is t-he inverse of thiso-tarm and is usedi to mul--tip"y the time to eoiitzlet4_ a task whille weazring B:;Us to gflve anestim~ate of the tie tt- cr;-mlet-s the task -,hile wear-ing M.PI'- A!legat7-i-we a' or bt imndica-ies that a task v-az comleterd in lesstine by a team weari-2 !iOPPVJ ot- by zrn un-prarcticed teamn zcspec-'tively. Generally, such result-s L-re= atft~ribr-ted 'Zo non-correctable inconsizatemcies in some £Leai's Derffcirance f*-r t1hattask. I

2. Discission

The mxim~zm eff-Aect :%f wearing MIOPPIV i.s see;,7 du~ring -.ove-o s nt. Other tzas'ks amr:?ar to be less affPec~ted. Hovever, thýosetaslks were nat physi'cally, demanding- Bviderý;tly, as the tcam wxear-big I-TOPPT-V prz-3ressed -n the nissioni, fatigue v~egan to influencethe F40PPrV degra~atiz~n 'fact-Dz. Sta-cinary tasks, hoý;eveý7, c~erecomplieted w-iri little de-gradation attributable to the differences

inc -cli ng 'Few com:-.zent-s were rcollected in these tasks. ot n all

U-

. . 4 h - - - _ - =,"

TABLE 6. Regressicn zes-ritsI Nondimensionalized CoefficiantsI _ng -oI-z i •

U:,zencumbered Clothing raining I•IOPivTask Term Correction Correction Factor

SI T0 .1 o_. . IiRoifte 0.i 0.16±0.2231 0.4ft2 1 .19

I Reconnaissance I 0.93-i-4.

'd~ovetoII14First Objective 0.64 i. 3 -1-

ke Air Sample 1.16 0.14±0.321 -0.01+0.321 0.88

1iZove to I ' I 1.50Second Objective I0"3±-0"7, £'!4+0"71 1.27-1.3] •

I Take First Water 1C.95i Sam~~ie ] !.i._84 -0.5!_-:.851 C. 55_±0.•5- C9 :-S!anpe 0 0.26-1.181 !

Make-,- Hasty 1.o05Sketch oyf Dan- 1.03 0.05±_0.a7! 0.33±+0.27! 3.79-!. 31

II!I I 4:

i 3.91.314| Take Second tiater 0.73 0.25±_0.26": 0.24-0.26! 34 :O IS~ample

Mocve 7 .:o I I I i 1.45E"t--t POin ! 0.73 0.33--: .32: 0-51±0-32i

cases of teams e-earing MOPPIV, nost members thought that- r-heycould have performed better with practice and training. '"

a. Movemen-t Tasks. Tasks which required the teamn to ne-.cross country were completed while wearing .SOPPIV with. correcticnfactors ranging fron 1.2 to 1.5. On the surface, this would Seemto indicate that time for conleteion of these tasks is only aminor concer-n while wearing MOPPIV. However, stealth Is gen-erally lost during night movenent while waaring _1CPPPIV because of.ncreased noise, loss or vision, difficulty in aomnication, and

general lack of secrecy when =ovLng fron one area to another._actors such as these cause cerain nissions to be judged too

.risky. However, it sho-iuld be noted that 2f the tea;. is wearf.ngXOPPIV, it would be likely that the eneny would likewise be wear-ing chenica! prctecltion and possess _anv of these save degrada-tions. The two major observations are increased noi-se and theappearance of being more detectable.

Depending upon work requirene.nts, teams wearing MOPP•,Vbreathe harder, talk louder, and ge.era!ly walk with a shuffle.Breathing noise was one of the loudest sounds during road move-nent: part-icularly af .r physically demandirng tasks, sch as theroute reconnaissance involving a a steep incline. Reducing thele-jel of exercise, perhaps by taking longer road,

4? -C

.44_

.4.i t " i[ i i I • . . . i . i i i .,.. i •.

should reduace the breathinca rate and the associated noise.

While atteiriting to talk In low -voices, 44teas experlenceadd-Uficulty be.-ing u~ndersitood and were nearly shoulting - tr con -sidered thenselve_- t be stouting - in order to beudrtoThis led the indi~viduels to oprceive tLem-selves to be loud, when-in% fact their voicxis ware n~uffled by their masks an.d did not seem,to travel over C~istance. The individuals =nav have shouted buttte sound was attenuatad. Hoicezier, as a result_ of their Der-ceived loss of stealth othe. actions ma -not have bee- asIaras when wearing~ B!)Us. Trhis factor woi'ld Aterid to reduce the 'tizeincreases that would otherwise be a-trihutCed -:,o YO0PPTV degra~a-

A~nother effect of reduced auditZ~rv ability was noticed.During routinle movements, frdividuals co-:ld nct hear the manl fol-

V .lowin-g, this resulted in freca;ent *turni-ng tc cbser- e and- confi rn!i ocation. Asa result, 't e t-eam wearing '_0PXV t-ended to be '

clossr together during patrol.

:4TTraction was pccr with the boorts which, lepeanding upon thesurface, resulted in slipping. To counter this Door 'rrad fe'e1"a nshuf-Fle walk-- of-ten developec! to ksep- contact With the gro-undand to push objects out of the V~alk path. ULii-ed vision res- stricted the "'look dowrn~ abil itv. which resulIted in frequent snagsarA stumbling into obstacles on the ground_. This frequenjt-ly con-tributedi to stumbling and several mnembers fell while on pait-rol .

9 One -man lost a tooit during a crcss counttry movement task a id was£ unaware that it had come off" due to the gensral isss o-'! perct~z-

tion7. The --aces on ,h-e boots te~nded to become uzntied" even aft~ersi~ile road m-ovem:ent tasks.

The overgarment provided enough insulation to cause teammen-bers t-o heat up dur.ixg periods of hard work~ andi then beconmecold, as the result of being wet%-, when vigorous activitv stomnned -

Overgar=menits became saturated with perspiration as the res"'~othewok rqured during the exercise. (W-hat this sa:-turatlior. does

to protectioni from ceneical agents must be determ-ined. 1 Th waterbuillduD -in the maskj- and gloves 1ýas noticeable. The hanTjds beca-mesensitive an-%d hy-perhydrat~ed as a result of wearing the gl"ovesdurirru this exercise. The cot-ton liner was sat-urate-d,L butappar-entClv continued to provided so-m abrasion protection.

Ylanivulat~lon of communicat-ion gear was difficult while wear--ing !HOPPI&V as a result, of reduced manual dexiterlity and nearvision- Onerators had di-fficulty reading the code sheets or ever.

findna he odeshets.in fac~t, while c-ne hand was sufficientto0 locate code sheets when wearing BiY~s. two hands were -.eeded t-cfind these it-ems- in Dockets -when wearing V.OPPIV due nmainly to theloss of tactili2ty.j

The above interactions resulted in teswearing MOPIV Mov-ing classer to- the roads than team-s wearing Bt>Us. The teams

10

wearing Y.O-PPfl! were able to com-alete their mission but idsoi; s~ier nmaner than tihn werng BDUs, reut4 nese

txo:.. Utening equipaznt" coul.d be --Sed to- reveal tJ1-2h team'sslocation a--da even the fact thaiý the tean- was wearing MGPPIVT. The

r rnis'e vould resualt because hard brealthing is the protective mask:ata t"= chaiffle of the b,--.s are distinctive sournds.

b. Statiozary Tasks. Few commensts were registered or dif--`t~t.as observed fo~r thf- stationary tasks: Photographing the

~ ~ ~pacng clymre inen-in- a hasty sketchi, andtaijing a -.at~ar saluple. Although these -[ýasks were influenced bythet w~aring of MOPPTV all tasks were CCnplt'1a!V. It Was observedt:1at,- practloe is zequired to utilize the camera vhsi-le wearing theDro~tectiv3:,7 mask. The thotograpns obta-ined witn the aresent- systei-m

cc;:%pccle ::elY adaqjuate for the -sissilon requirem-e-nts. on theozr'ier hand, te:&s werse iate to enplace a claymore mi~ne with. no

apparnt dific~i' ihile wearng!OIV

c.Suz-vey Questions. Respcnsses from each individuaal wereweighted by givi-na a nuzerZ-cal value Ato th-e response tervasaccordingly~: ricen= 0, mrinor = 5, average = 10, and major 15ITts averdge was thten deser-mined to estiuate- the level of per- Mcaived diificultv due to each- factor. Results indicate 'I'able 7)

tha 2at buil dup in th-C wovergarm-a.tt and perspira-tion buildulp in

it is in.-teresting t oethat using eqruip-ment and perform-mn :~ asks vbiile wear-ing the oroteMctive gloves and the bulidness

--f the overgarman't icere ranked -is the lowest difficulties- It isnossible ath~i 5 is b-ecause tasks taTically completed by areconnainsaI:ne do not requaire high levels of manual dextter-i~ty or herad-ti-~ye coordina-tion. Mvpoartant itasks tend to inc]Qidela.:~ge 'Dody,% movsemen't, far vision, and other similar skills-Furcthsz, the enerrgy expenderd while patroll-ing is generally con-sidered to he o~reater th;Ln in stationeary tasks. T~hus, it was not

-uriigtttureut fte surivey resu"Its indicate heat

ai~ perspirztxon buiLldupp to be nioblems witlh other factors less

i'prt-t

TABLE 7. Surv4ey- Results

a First- and Second WearinTg of I4OPPTIVI

Fact-or j 1 1 2 2 3 31 Averagel____ I st-2nd I t 2nd is..t 2nd 1

8i15. 101 5 5~ 9viVsion

M1'ask/ jI

Mask/ j !%Brethin 2 1

IBootts/ 18,13 Q 1 1-0:1 131 9

I 4i 91 let 1L2Slipping * I

GCloves,'IjOperatimng Cii 61 9 1161 .

IEquir=Paent -'Gloves/ I I I'Task-s 6 7

Overgartient/1* -~I-~ - 8 1S8 7 -

O e r-garment/ 1 10 is;

HetBld-up! I Ia__

-Average 5.ý9 92 1G.0 !0.9 9.2 8.8 -T

121.

V.- SU1ARY/C0NCLUS8Io0NS

The quanti-f~icatLion of the degcradation of personnell perform- '

ina in. MGPPIV was deterained fcr each night raconnaissance task.T-he inverse of the degradation is th=eM OPT!7 correction factorwhich is presented in Table 8, The nultir-licat-ion of t-he timereuired to perform a t-ask vhin.le wearing BDU I-referred to as the

BDIU val'ue)l by this factor produces an estinate of the timere~aired t-o co=-P_-Let.e the t%_asX w~hi2le wea-rina MOPPI-1.

TABLE S. XIOPPIV Cor-rct-ion Factors

Task Factor1 Probable Ran.qlj

.-I-ue Reconnaissance 2.2 0.9-i.54zjI

i Mave to First Objective 1 1.4 1.2-1.7

Take Albr~± 1.0* * 0.6-1.2mý%re to Second objectivei 1. 5 1 1.3-1.8

-0~irst Water San~~ 11 0.3-'!.8

M ak.e Hasty Sketch of Da- 1.i1 .92.3

Take Second Water -Sa=nlel ±.s1.0-1-7

I=ov-S to EratPoint 1.5 i 1. L--1.9 I

Th.Lese field measurements of MOPPIV operations nave; prc~v ided -

so=-e valurlable: data for thhe evaluati-n. Of troor Therene.ilm..C___arzace Informiation whiAch resulted has iprvdesti=mates 'For

A~e~~ simn-ilar task-s in !MOPPIV a~rld iMProvad OperationsreJ-c esimzat-es of unit effectiveness and unit readineass. !

Othzr conchwisons and observatzlens -a szd, or. the resulti-s of-this Study ar-e:

a 2-Uthough nigh reconnaissance m-ovement- tLazsks can becorn-i1te h:le_ wearin ag !MPP1V, l oss of stealth- and secrecy

ocils arT~e.y due to increase-d no-ise and lack of p-ratica.

v Bre-athingq dif-FiC7211ti s wt~ earing tlhe .117AI MasK arid heatbui;uý roz -wearing M-40PP1V are inportant con.cearn-s.

ST-he f rst'-t' e-eirEfct (lack. Of experlence gained throughrerpetl"tion of t-asks) arstd dearadat-i-o due %to lack of ltraraaininq

ar ssignificant as the !OPP1V dgaain

*a 5The overga-rrent Decomes peerspiration-soak~ea wIth tnsework. tS.L= o fe ts ofthl condition on the rnrotectiVe value Of

.- i:e .. garment nuist be detearnined.

13

kt'S

~, -

a Buildup of water in the mask and gloves was noticeable and aconcern. Hands became sensitive and hyperhydrated afterwearing the gloves.

a Protective overboots have inadequate traction and "roadfeel" resulting in a characteristic "shuffle walk" and fre-quently results in stambling and falls. V.

E Teams wearing MOPPIV move closer to roads than teams wearingBDU.

a Although a MOPPIV correction factor was not determined forphotographing a target or for emplacing a claymore mine,both tasks were completed while wearing MOPPIV with no tkapparent difficulty.

Al1l tasks were completed while wearing MOPPIV- itshould be noted, however, that the overall tactical situa-tion is imDortant in considering the success of this opera-tion. if the enemy threat is low or minimal the missioncould be expected to be completed with a little more tim.=eallocated. If the enemy threat is high, including listeningdevices and othe counter-measures, then the mission could beat risk because the team may be detected and neutralized.

Finally, it should be noted that the limited samplesize available for this evaluation made the data analysisart-icalarly sensitive to inconsistencies in performance of

any task by any team. Data c,,rently being evaluated infollow-on night reconnaissance evaluations should allow sdetermination of 0OPPIV correction factors with tighterer-or bounds-

-.4r

[i

9..-

U-i-

ii i

-- i "- m N • m r "em m m

-- :: . . . C.m,- i -mm iii i p (,, im m _a m l ' i m •'- r • _ .

. -•••--°- • , , - _=_-. ! • u u, !! ! . . .. !! !l i i , m lm m -am• -= 1-4 .

a -'-b•

-a- |:

1-

A.PPB/DIX A .

a.:Clinatic Conditions 4-•

-a•a---

a•_s

It~a- I.o

- 15

;2g

S . .. . ..... .. ... ....

-4•• ] [ m . -[ -- . ] . _- -_ -_-_- _ •_r . _- . . . . . . . . . . . .. .

Daily Tenperature and Relative Humidity Record

During the exercise the temperature and relative hum;1iditC aswell as the general atmospheric condition was recorded at 30minute intervals. Typically the temperature reduced during thenight as did the relative humidity. The presence of ground fogfrom the ocean, however, on days 1 and 6 maintained the highhumidity. The exercise was conducted at Camp Pendleton with his-torically high temperatures and low relative humidity. The high,low, and average temperature and relative humidity are given inTable A-i.

TABLE A-1. Temeerature and Relative HumiditySDay i Degrees Celsius I % Relative Humidity I

High Low Averagej High Low Average l1 18.2 13.8 155. 640 3. I

2 ; 16.41 11.31 13.3 38.41 17.71 23.9

-- I 3 I 18.2 16.3 17.1 I 30.5 8.2| 15.3

20.21 17.71 19.3 21.4! 10.2! 15.2I I I I I I5 28.2, 26.6 27.7 I25.9 1 13. 91 17. 421

6 24.91 22.71 23.3 50.91 43.91 46.1

l 7 I 25.91 23.31 24.5 1 50.61 30.31 39.3 18 28.6! 27.91 2Ez.3 25.61 20.61 23.0I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-AverageI 22.6i 19.91 1.1 38.4i 23.Oi 29.3

[17

________________________

S- .-. ,. -.• "liI !!I - " ", "-.! ll! l !!l ! ii --.. i•l ' '! 'll f - .''' ... -S" ' ---_ . . .. . . . .... ...i i +i i ' ! !!!!!! ! !! !!! ! !! " ! ' ! !!! f! ' ii~ i r +:. .. .+ ,,, _--

----.. i i - i i 4 " . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . -

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19

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3 * q *. *. - .- - -

Regression Analysis Methodology

In any attempt to measure the dependence of some entity upona particular factor, it is essential to ccntrol, or at leastaccount for, other factors which can influence the en.tity. Unfor-tunately, the isolation apd elimination of uniwanted factors isoften not possible being part lularly true in th2 Case of epmeri-ments involving hunafl perfornance and response. In such experi-ments, the use of human subjiscts introduces a x-yriad of personalfactors, many of which are as subtle as they are unquantifiable.The experiments to measure the degradation of soldier performancedue to the wearing of chemical protective (lXOP2IV, gear certainlyfall into this category.

One approach to reducing the effect of unwanted factors isto disregard any data which involves unwanted factors. Thus, forexample, the unwanted factor of =no-practice" which might cause_erformance in first iteration trials to be vworse than in thosethat follow, is often controlled b- conducting a sufficientnumber of "dry_-runs" to assure that n6 data trial is unpracticed.Unfortunately: in the case of the '115OPPIV degradation experimel"ts.limitations in troop and staff availability make dry-runs anunaffordable luxury and all trials had to be used for data gen-eration purposes.

C-r solution to this problem has been tc account for theeffect of practice by including an experimentally detersined,linear correction term for first trials. Sinze it was also

assum-ed that the -e-fect of wearing HOPPIV gear could be expressedas a linear correction term, we were able t" use standard multi-

le linear regzession techniqaes to reduce the data and extractMOPPIV correction factors. The basic linear equation used toaccount for the time of any given trial of a particular soldieractivity is,:

T = T + a(x) + b() (B-1)

That is, the expected time T is the sum of the intrinsictime -T sub o- required- for the task, a correction term (a) forwearing HMPPIV gear and a correction term fo) for an unpracticedtrial. This technique has been used for the redu'ction of datafrom all the .OP1'IV degradation tests lis--ted in the introduction

Sthis report- E-uat*ion B-i is further examined in appendix C.

In the current test another uncontrollable factor was intro-duced. The nature of a night reccnraissance mission requiresthat tne members of the patrol move stealthily; sacrificing speed •in favor of stealth. Unfortunately, this results in a subjectivedeci•ion on the part of each patrol as to the speed that itsholild take. This in turn results in an undesirable biasing of0the regression results, since the large ti_.es recorded Ly the-

slower, more cautious patrols dominate the regr-assion analysis.tIi

3'-'

21

%, . . . !'-!!!-- ' - _ -- - - --:S. . ' ' ' ]_~l i i i i i • ii -.• .. _.._ ...- . . . -- -. - .--

Since each patrol conducted three trials (two in MOPPIV andone in BDU), it was decided to attempt removal of the bias bynormalizing the results for each patrol to its own baseline. The C

choice of the baseline was guided by the following considera-tions: At least one of the patrols conducted its first funprac-ticed) trial in BDUs while the others began in MOPPIV. Thus,normalization of a patrol's results to its first trial or to itsBDU trial would have introduced additional errors. However,because each patrol conducted two MOPPIV trials, every uý -t hadat least one practiced MOPPIV trial. Assuxninc that the oni- vari-ants in the study are (1) -MOPP - no MOPP, :2) practice - no prac-tice and (3) intrinsic team stealth, the difference between thetimes for each team's practiced MOPPIV trials should be due onlyto the intrinsic team stealth. No-ralizing each team's times toits practiced MOPPIV trial time results in ratios of times inwhich each team's intrinsic stealth factor has been "canceledout".

If we let (') indicate that the above normalization has .

taken pl.ace, the regression equation for the normalized time: T',becomes:

T' = TT + a'(x) + b'(y) (B-2)

Clearly, a' can no longer be interpreted as the additional timerequired for a task due to the wearing of MOPPIV. However, the-ratio:

CF =( T' + a'(x)) / T' (B-3)

is proportional to the increased time due to the wearing of MOP-PINT; i.e., CF is an appropriate correction factor to be appliedto the no-MOPP time for any particular patrol to estimate thetime that would be needed by that team to do the same task w-hilewearing MOPPIV.

The question arises as to whether a similar normalizationmay have been justified for the performance of particular indivi-duals or teams in the other units studied in this series of MOP-PIV evaluations. For example, in reducing the data on thedisassembly and reassembly of a gearbox from the M-901, shouldthe times of each of the several test subjects have been normal-ized to some comon, subject-related datum?

We believe that the answer is "No." The reason is thattasks like the assembly/disassembly are well defined: each indi-vidual went through the same sequence of steps, removed the samesnap rings in the same order, ctc. Therefore, the actual timesare meaningful numbers. For examn.e, the unencumbered, practicedtime for disassembly/reassembly is the time that would appear inthe published time standard for that task. (In fact, validity ofthe data required that the t ies measured in our trials were con-sistent with the standard, E -ual times.) On the other hand, it

22

. . .. . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s

____ __. - --. 1 I ii II II

r is not meaningful to ask how long it takes to maneuver stealthilyfrom point a to point b. The answer is dominated by random vari-ables such as the nunber of stops made, time spent listening,

*detours taken, etc. It must be concluded that the night recon-naissance trials warrant a different data raduction techniquethan that used for more vigorously defined tasks.

6,••• -- :-:,r•,-.,'- - ,- ,'."'•:- ,--_-" .•••'•J'-2' . .,..,-._ •-- 'Z .. -. ', '-.% ,. . -. •

S.. ... . .i - i; ; ; • . .. ,,i i ; , , , • • ; ; ] G -- ] ; ; ] • I II I 7: : :: i I _ = . . .

-. . .= = : . . . . . . . [ II I I I I III V:I I I I I

S.. .5. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .

APPEN~DIX C

Regression Analysis Examiple i•"

- a-

-,,

--4.

25

* .4 *'."4 a~ ..-.. _--.--.- .-- ... -- mm • . . .

Y-ultipie~ LiLnear Regressien-analyses are uIsed to qaantify te .t.....

between variables where the value cf one is e:--ffe-cted by changesin others. The typv-e of uniform worn arxc whether ':.r not the event

- '- was coroleted for,. the fi--rst tneihri BDU or NPTIV, areinde~pendent variables. &A multiple linear regression a!llows adependent variable to be est'inated by quant-ifving the relation-ship to several independen't variables. In this inst'-ance, time tCoco=mplete a task is the eftected o'r- de~endent variable i nt%,e ra c-tons and variables riot -measured are refletdinteercrtr

and include such effects as t-eani work and leA-dersllip An esti-mate of how wellI the regresslon estimates the dependent variableis expressed by the -multiple corre'lation coef~f~ci ant. Analysisthen can be used to determine the effect of !MOPPIV and the firs-tt-ime effect op. the total time to conplete a task-'.

For TrooD Performance studies the regression expression- isrep-resent-ed by:

T = T +a(x) +b(y) -e (C-1)

W~here "T (the dependent variable) is the total time i';n minute--to complete a task, "-T ", (the intercept) is the practiced, un-en-cumbered tinme, nxn Cf ir~t indepDendent variable) is the clothingtype, "y (second independent variable) is the order in wbicn -An

evet-as started and "e" is the error term. "x" is the BDU or!YOPP condition and is represented by either a no or a n1-3,since it -is assuned that the clothing contribution would be zerofor BDU. Likewr7ise, if a team was working an event for the firsttime flyn would be assigned a 12111 and if the tCean has completedthe event before a non would be assigned since no first4-- timeeffecet would be pDresent. The expression, without the error term_

then becomes:

T =T + aa-b (C-2)w0

T -= bA Rteam son.re anlyesvent hed cor c f tion iend r tme-

bher-eean vran ble1 hr h vlec1n ninuefestdb hne %=

anothd prsac e fat or sI, or rep i rel Tanherer ar ths team woeut-a an eove1nte for the first tineis eihressed as:

T T= To a (C-1)

Che event tine for the same tea comapleting the event for theirst tne and wiearing MPPIV would be rexressed as:

coe-•c_•n• Analsis-

27

-MV used t e in

*22-Ilk

T =T + a + b (C-5)

Example of Re-ression MalysIs:

An exan.Dle case will be replacing the shroud during theremoving/zapoacina of the M60A3 transmission, accomplished duringthe noderate temperature Maintenance Evaluation. -All other tasksand events were likewise evaluated and are included in theresults.

Replacing the shrcud includes the place-ment of the shroud onthe powerpack and the connection of the attachment bolts. Thedata for evaluation iD given in Table C-1, where team 1 replacedthe shroud twice with the first occurrence in BDU in 7.8 minutesand -the second occurrence in MOPPIV in 14.2 minutes. For thisexanple, the reulting regression coefficients in Table C-2, are""T the practiced, unencumbered tine, "an, the additional tine 0fo r OPPIV, plus or -in-us the standard deviation and "b", theadditional tine needed if the event is done for the first itine,plus or minus the standard deviation. Thus, the exr.ected time forreplacing the shroud is 5.8 minutes for a practiced unencumberedtean. An additicnal 3.8 minutes is added to the total if theteam was wearing MOPPIV, for an expected tine of 9.6 minutes.This additional MOPPIV tine could be as much as 11.5 minutes(9.6+1.9) or as little as 7.7 minutes (9.6-1.9). Nqo additionalti=e is needed to conplete this repiacenent for the first time -because, in this example the coefficient is negative. In ctherevents this first time correction is calculated the sane as for-the XOPPTV effect to deternine the additional time needed.

.-..

-TBLE C-I. Data Used in Example Regression

Teme BDU MOPPIV 1st TiAe

I 1 ! 7.81 i14.2 I BDU II 2 1 4.6: 24.6* I MOPP II 3 1 5.81 10.2 I BDU Ii4 6.4i 7.4 I 1 OPP

1 3.61 6.3 1 ,DU

* Data excluded due to the incorrect renoval of items wnhicn requiredextr-a time to replace.

TABLE C-2. Example Regression Results *•=

i Coefficients I

T 5.8II a = 3.8+!.91

b -0.5-±2. 01

28

-I

vFY~z,, -

In addition, the quotient resulting from "T! (T + a)"represents the degradation for wearing M..0-V. '-aa is, theunencumbered practiced time "T divided by the total time forMOPPIV "T + a"l. Thus a tean replacing the shroud in MCPPIV isdegraded t8 60 percent of their practiced, unencumbered ability,5.8/(5.8+3.8)=0.60. In a similar calculation, the degradationfor doing the job for the first time results from the quotient of"nTPT +b!-". In this example no degradation was determined fordoing ?he event for the first time. A team is degraded to 0.63if replacing the sh-roud for the first time and in OPPPIV, whereboth HOPPIV and first time coefficients are added in the denomi-Snator, ie. "T 0 To+a+b". h�e quantity "(To+a)/T "1 (which is theinverse of the degradation factor) is called the UMO0PIV Correc-tion Factor. This factor when _multiplied by "T " gives theexpected time to complete a task in MOPPiV. For this example thecorrection factor is 1.66. The est'imated tie for this event isthen 5.Sx!.66 or 9.6 minutes. The results give a real numberesti-.te of the effect of Y.OPPIrV on this job performance (TableC-3).

TABLE C-3. Example Regression Estimates

SI CalculationsI i.I To 5.8

I T +a -9.6

T -b 5.330

T --a+b 9.1 IT,1(To +a) 0.60'

I (T +a)/TO = ..66!1 T /(To +b) = 1.09

a/T° = 0.661

Il.-

29

-.- . .. . . . -- : i

JDISTR1BLTiION LIST

Coei- Oramnhz3atin Coples Organization

I Office or the Secretx.zy of Delcnsse I Commander in ChiefCGATSD(AE) (Chemi-ral NM'?ters) U-S. Special Ope~rations CommaadWAvshi-gton, DC 2001 ATTiN: S0J3-05 WlCiemical Officer)

MabcDillAFB, FL 33608SDe-partment of Defense

OUSDREZ(EPLS) 1 CommamnderRoom' 31-D'.22, ?a.aFetZOV tU.S. F-orc.es JapanWa.shington. DC 1wi ATIY.-N 33

APO San. Francisco 96301Org6annizatice of Joint. Cnhiefs of StaffATTN: J-3 JOD (GOL Tripler I I Comm=- derW~ash-Ington, DC 2=31 U.S- Forces Korea

ATTN: CJ-PL-N,4 Director APO Santrancisco -96301

Defense Intelligence AgencyAT IN.- DT-5-A 10 CI1A..KiTTN: D-X-7-B OIRfDB/Standard-ATTN- DP,-4G1 GE47 HQATTN-: DB-11B2 Washington- DC 2D35%A~' sington, DC 2031

2 AdministratorI Director Defen,-e Technical Information Center

Armed Forces -Medical intelliggence C-eater ATrNT: DTIC-FDACtATT N: AFMIC-ZA Cameron Station, Bldg 5Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701 Alexmandria, VA 22304-61415

I C-ominznder in Chief I HQDAU.&- European Comman d D.AML-.ART-M\'A-1T N': EC J 5-N! W:3shimgton. DC 20310.APO New York 09128 1 HD

I Commniander in Chiei Pacific ATTN: DAMO-SWVC (LTC Brown) .

ATTN: J54142 (Box 15) WAashington. DC 20310-10-2CainjP Smith, In 96861

I HQDAI Commandle: in Chief ATI N: DASG-HCD-D (LTC Mtyers)

U.S. Atan.tic Fleet Washingtoz. DC 20310-23=AT TN: 133nNorfolk, VA 23511 1 Cominander in Chielf

U-S. Army EuropeI Commander iin Chief ATTN- AEAGC-.NC-C

U.S. Soibthern Comman d APO New York 09403ATIN:: SC33APO Nfiami 3400

I Coininade- in ChiefL-S. Central Cor, zand

a ~ATTN: CCJ3XXMacDill AFB. FL 33603-71001 k

31

X:7 . ..-

DISTRIBJfIJTON LIST r

No. of N,. ofV

Ceis Organization ~ Co i)rtanizatiorz

3 Commander 1 Co' F-d•._. r-U.S. Army Materiel Comma-,d USATR.ADOC

ATTh: AMCDPA-ST ATTN- ATTITIEATTN: AMc-N-M Fort Leavenworth, KS 6.027-S130ATTN: AMCCZ, -,-C5001 Esenhower Avenue C -mzanderAlexandria, VA 22333-W-1 U.S. Army Transportation Center and Fort

8 Commander ATTN: AT?-PDi-C {Chemical Offsetr)US. .Army Armament Researct, Deveiopm-,!t Fort Eustis: VA 236M4

and Engine-ering CenterATTN: SMCAR-MSI 1 ComrmnnderDever, NJ 0801-,0I0 U.S. Army Aviation Cent•r

ATTN: ATZQ-D-MS2 Commander Fort Rucker, AL 3M362

U.S. Army Test and Evaleation CommandATTN: SM-STE-TE-T 1 CommanderATTN: AMSTE-TO US. Army Foeign Science a-nd TechnologAberdeen Proving Ground, MD 2100.5 Center

ATTN: AIAST-PA-1D2.2 Commander 220 Seventh Street NE

USS. Army Training and Doctrine Comma.d Charlottesville, VA 22901ATTN: ATCD-N e

ATIN: ATCD-T 6 Commander ,-.Fort Monroe, VA 236-51 .Army Natick RkD Center

ATTN: STRNC-ACCommandez ATTN: STRNC-1US. Army Forces Command ATTN: STRNC-UATTN: AFOP-TN ATTN: STFRNC-YAFort McPherson, GA 30330 ATTN: STRNC-W

Commanderk A 01760U.S..Army Western Command 1 CommanderA-TN: APO-NC USAJFKSWCATTN: APLG-MU ATTN: ATSU-CD-CSFort Sha-fer. HI 96S58 Fort Br&. NC 28•3.-5000Dover, NJ 07801-5001

5 Commandant1 Commander U.S. Army Chemical School

* CFA (ROKIUS) ATTN: ATZN-CM-FECt- (CS.C1,CC.NF)ATTN: C3-NBC Fort McClellan. AL 36"205APO S-rfrancisco G6301

Comm-nder .4,

US..Army Logistics CenterATWN: ATCL-.A--Fort Lee, VA 23M01

I..t

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'I I I l *t[Mi _ I [ ][ I_ _ i_ Ii I" IS. .. i i i i i l I I II II I I l I l I I I I l l I • • • . ..

S. . . . . . .. . . . ... . . . ... . . . . .

D1STRIBUTIO3N LIST

No- ofo0.Cones: Ore Lization 0-..; -_____C._z_

4 Commander 1 Direc:--U-S- Army INIucicar snd Chernicali Agency U - MC'J ARDEC C-CAICAT-NI: MONA-NV- Beaet Wv~-ms br.yA71ITN: M.1ONA-CM A-1-1N: SMCA-.rR-CCBE-TL

'TN:E MONA -WE Waterrliez.

ATTN: MOINA-SAL7.500 Bacilick Road (Mu~idicg C-3731 I Commau-dtrSp:irz~'-e~d V-A -2-1563 U.S- -Army~ Amrmament, Munwtizo =na

Cemical CommandiI Commander ATIiN: ASC~M~

U-S Arm)- TIFADOC SýYstemz Aays-Rock isa-d HL 61-2t9---300Agencjy

A N:ATOR-TDB 1 Command,-W~hite Sands Mfissile PRange, KM 88~012 U*S- Armyý Aviatic-a Sysiems Command

A -TN: AM~fSAV-E5I President 4300 Goodfellow Blvd

C-S- Army Aimnor & E-n&in-r Baird St. Louis. MG 6312-1-7933ATTN AZKAETFort. Knoox, KY 40:21-5S470 4 Co.-man-der

U-S. Arm.y- iugway Proving GroundI Commandiag General A'ASN: STErDP-S-D-T-A-F

Wright Paete mon Air Force Ba3se AW N: STEDP-S--M-TAaATrIN: AFAMRL,-HE ATTN: STEDP-M-T-CA-CB

Dayton, OH 4&M3 A ITN: STEDP-MIT-CDugwaýy. UT 81o22

3 C-ormandazntU-S. Army Ordan.ce Center and School 1 DirectorATTN: Chemical Officer U-S- Ariny Air Aviz~ion Research and

'S-Aberdeen Pro-ring Ground, NID 21005 Technology Activity-AmesResear34ch Center

7 Commander Moffett Field. CA 94W>5-!0%U.S. Chemnical Rftzench, Development and

Engineering Center I CommanderA T T':: SMCCR-TD U-S Army ( 4-mnunications - El-tronir--A:'TTN: SMCCR-ST CommandA.TTN: SMCCR-RSP ATTN- .AML-L -11) L

ATT N: SMICCR-PPD Fort Nloamnout. NJ 0770?-330 1A TTN: SMCCR-SPS-ILATTN: SMCCR-OPR I COiMM3L&rA AT TN-- SMCCR-NB CMCOM RI 1; Tr- baical LibrarvAberdeen Proving Ground. MD) 21010 ATTN: MU!- Pepr~ tn

2700I Commander Fort XMonm%;;tm: Ni U7703-5O000

U.S. rmm) ARDECATTN. SMCAR-TDCDover. NJ 07soi-M30

33

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L~~.'JL P... S.. T.-. U P- UT 10 - A.. .T %.~ .%

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mamii~io CA)iM cy --i-r

I C-MW%3%'Zr 1 ir orceArimmen La~m4.

A fisie-m-mn I1?iMTW: LIST p.LD J~ehito0-tr

Deelpmn an V.cfn gn F.N 2A25

Center-Az z -:ANMSM-FU IAFEELM.. Th-e RanxdCo.imRedstme -Aisewal, AL 3589& 524.1 Ali N. Librar'7-D

'170G a Street V

I Director S-anta Monica- CA 904%,US- Army eandssu = "-e iciefl .5..-

Center A-berd~etnPro,-ing Grouad

Reds-tone Arse,- 31, -AL 358-98--ID Dir. I35AM-sALA-ATTN-\: AWIXISY-D

1 C-ommnander AMS 1'P . CohenUS. A.-nn Tank Autoenoti-re or'dC.USTCOMATTN: AJMS'TA--TSL- AT: AMSTP-S I-PW'S.n -9C-r CP.DEC. AM \OM

ATTN: lzM\17C --RN-P-A.1Directos MCiIM

N- z**- Sk V*)

-,~ ~~~~Fr Bennh~ issieTa-. M~Ž~2

I -S Atinmyza Deeomn S-xpcvým

* ~ATTN: ATOCE-C5R iFort -ennis. WA 934i-334,*W

ICommander.

- ~~ATTN: APW'OR

I TN POG-31 Ve

Edgewood; OperationrsS ~ATTIN: !'T- xCri~mimn. DIR (JA

2113 Ecmmorton Park RoadEdgewood. MD 21040

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