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Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM

Report

Construction Specialties Expansion Joint Covers

Models: SSR, ALS, ALSW,

ALSM, ALR, ALRW, ALRM,

ALHD, ALWHD, ALHDM, APF,

APFW, SGC, and SGCC

Prepared

by MBDC

March 2014

1001 East Market Street, Suite 200

Charlottesville, VA 22902

© 2013, MBDC, LLC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY For use only by Construction Specialties, Inc., MBDC, & Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute Cradle to Cradle

® is a registered trademark of MBDC, LLC.

Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM

is a certification mark licensed by Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation InstituteTM

Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM Report for Expansion Joint Covers (certain models)

© 2013 MBDC LLC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - For use only by Construction Specialties, Inc. MBDC, & Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation InstituteTM Cradle to Cradle® is a registered trademark of MBDC

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Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM is a certification mark licensed by Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation InstituteTM

Administrative Information Project Manager Name: Taylor Burgdorf Project Chemist Name (if different): Report Approved by: Jay Bolus Date Submitted to C2CPII for Review: March 4th, 2013 Product(s) are sold in the following counties: USA Client Contact Information: Chris Salvatori; [email protected]

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Contents

Administrative Information 1 Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Certification Results 3

Scorecard 3 Material Health 3 Material Reutilization 6 Renewable Energy Use 6 Water Stewardship 6 Social Fairness 6

Conclusion 7 Summary 7 Recommendations 7

Appendix A: Material Health Optimization Plan 10 Appendix B: Renewable Energy Plan 11 Appendix C: Water Stewardship Principles 12 Appendix D: Social Responsibility Principles 13 Appendix E: Glossary of Terms 14 Resources and Works Cited 17



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Executive Summary

Construction Specialties is applying to have several of its joint cover products, recertified in the Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM program by the Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute under Version 2.1.1 of the standard. As the accredited assessment body, MBDC is submitting this report for review by Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute and is recommending that Construction Specialties’ following Expansion Joint Covers, SSR, ALS, ALSW, ALSM, ALR, ALRW, ALRM, ALHD, ALWHD, ALHDM, APF, APFW, SGC, and SGCC, be renewed as Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM Silver for one calendar year beginning on March 31st, 2014

Certification Results

Scorecard The lowest level achieved in any of the five categories determines the final certification level. The requirements in each category were completed at the following levels: Construction Specialtiesà Expansion Joint Covers- see specific models above

Level

Category Basic Silver Gold Platinum

Material Health P

Material Reutilization P

Renewable Energy Use P

Water Stewardship P

Social Fairness P

OVERALL

Material Health Based on the assessment of the product’s components & ingredients for impact to human and environmental health, the product meets the requirements for at the silver level in the Material Health category. See the table below for a summary of the Material Health assessments for each of the product’s components. Construction Specialties currently have ongoing projects for every certified product. Construction Specialties works with MBDC to optimize any and all materials. MBDC and Construction Specialties work together to replace the problematic ingredients by working with suppliers to reduce and eventually eliminate ingredients of concern. See Appendix A for Construction Specialties’ strategy for replacing



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problematic components. For any GREY assessed components, full data will need to be received within six months or these materials will be considered RED and recommended for phase-out. The fully characterized ingredients (assessed A, B,C, or X) make up at least 99% of individual product styles.

Table 1 – Material Health Assessment Results:

COMPONENT ASSESSMENT COMMENTS

Aluminum Primer

GRAY

This material has not yet been fully characterized, and therefore will receive a GRAY assessment.

6105 Aluminum Extrusion

C This material has been assessed C and therefore

is acceptable from the Cradle to Cradle perspective


C This material has been assessed C and therefore is acceptable from the Cradle to Cradle perspective This material has been assessed C and therefore is acceptable from the Cradle to Cradle perspective



is acceptable from the Cradle to Cradle perspective.
















6005A Aluminum Extrusion






flexible gasket #1 X

This material has been assessed X due to the presence of multiple problematic components above 100 ppm.

flexible gasket #2

X

This material has been assessed X due to the presence of multiple problematic components above 100 ppm.



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Spring Steel Turnbar

C

Grey*

This material have been assessed C, and therefore is acceptable for use from the Cradle to Cradle perspective. * This material does contain a coating that has been assessed Grey. Once a full formulation is obtained this assessment will be altered.

rinuts

X

This material has been assessed X due to the use of a problematic plating component.

Additional components for SSR

304 Stainless Steel Harware B This material is preferred for use from the

Cradle to Cradle perspective. A 36 Hot-rolled Steel B This material is preferred for use from the

Cradle to Cradle perspective. Polyethylene foam B This material is preferred for use from the

Cradle to Cradle perspective.

Key:

A Preferred: Biological nutrient that is renewably sourced and rapidly degradable or technical nutrient that is fully recyclable. Little to no risk to human health and/or environmental health. (Note: This designation is applicable to program version 3.0 only)

B Preferred: Little to no risk to human health and/or environmental health.

C Acceptable: One or more moderate risks to human health and/or environmental health. Suitable for continued use until a GREEN alternative is found.

X Problematic: One or more significant risks to human and/or environmental health; should be phased out as quickly as possible.

G Incomplete: Either ingredient data is not complete or evaluation data is not available for one or more criteria. Data should be completed or ingredient should be phased out of use.

BANNED Banned: This ingredient (or a chemical in this component) poses a serious risk to human and environmental health and is not allowed in the Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM program.

All components have been identified and assessed, and although there GRAY component, Construction Specialties has a strategy for phase out/optimization of these components. Please see appendix A for details. This qualifies for Silver certification under the Materials criteria.

• The following product lines utilize the primer identified in the table above: ALS, ALSW, ALSM, ALR, ALRW, ALHD, ALWHD, ALHDM



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• EPDM Gasketsà APF-100 & AFP 200-400 are utilized in APF and APFW. • Spring Steel turnbar is utilized in SGC and SGCC • Rivnuts are utilized in SGC and SGCC

Material Reutilization

Construction Specialties’ line of certified Expansion Joint Covers meet the requirements for Silver level in this category. It is comprised primarily of 99%ferrous and aluminum alloys: As explained above some of the models contain very small amounts of EPDM. • Steel contains an average of 30% recycled content (industrial average) • Aluminum extrusions contain 75% recycled content (post-industrial and post-consumer combined) • It is assumed that the steel and aluminum will eventually be recycled. Under these assumptions, the Expansion Joint Covers listed above contain from 72% recycled or renewable content and are from 99-100% recyclable or compostable. The Material Reutilization score for the Expansion Joint Cover that received the lowest score was 90 based on the following formula:

2 * [% Recyclable/Compostable] + [% Recycled/Rapidly Renewable Content] * 100 3

A working take-back program must be implemented by Construction Specialties Inc in order to reach the platinum level of certification. Therefore, this product has reached the silver level of certification.

Renewable Energy Use Construction Specialties’ Expansion Joint Covers meets the requirements for Gold level in this category. The total annual energy requirement for the manufacture of products in Construction Specialties’ facilities in 2013 was 1,029,206 kWh. Construction Specialties has purchased renewable energy credits through their energy provider for 50% of their total energy. Please see Appendix B for Construction Specialties’ complete energy plan.

Water Stewardship Construction Specialties’ Expansion Joint Covers meet the requirements for Gold level in this category. Construction Specialties has completed a full water-audit of the Muncy, PA facility where the Joint Covers are manufactured.

Social Fairness Construction Specialties’ Joint Covers meets the requirements for Gold level in this category.



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Construction Specialties, Inc. has earned a score of 111.5 and is eligible for the certification as a B Corporation. Survey with a detailed listing of point earned was submitted for verification. Please see Appendix D for further detail. Appendix D also includes Construction Specialties’ publically available corporate ethics statement. This statement is located in their employee handbook.

Conclusion

Summary Construction Specialties’ Expansion Joint Covers (SSR, ALS, ALSW, ALSM, ALR, ALRW, ALRM, ALHD, ALWHD, ALHDM, APF, APFW, SGC, and SGCC) meet all Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM Silver level requirements under program version 2.1.1. One year after the recertification date, Construction Specialties will have the option to recertify the products. The product may continue to recertify the product under Version 2.1.1. program requirements until December 31, 2014. By January 1, 2015 the product must meet the Version 3 program requirements in order to maintain the certification. Furthermore, this product certification does not mean the individual components are certified. Material suppliers of Construction Specialties may not use this marketing language or otherwise promote its products as certified. In order to obtain a license to use the Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM mark, a Trademark Licensing Agreement must be executed between Construction Specialties and The Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute. That document includes guidelines for appropriate use of the marks.

Recommendations Although Construction Specialties has made many positive strides in the ecologically intelligent design of

these products, there still exist opportunities for improvement, and optimization of the product is required.

In order to move towards Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM Gold level under program version 2.1.1, the

following items would need to be completed: • Material Health

o Optimization of red and grey assessed materials to yellow and green. • Material Reutilization

o Reutilization score - The score considers both recycled content and recyclability or compostability. Products with a score of 80+ are eligible for the Gold level of certification.

o A well-defined logistics and recovery system for product recycling is also required at the Gold level. • Renewable Energy Use

o The Gold level applicant will purchase or produce 50% of the energy required for final product manufacture from renewable sources. Generally this is achieved through the purchase of renewable energy certificates (REC’s) and carbon off-sets as appropriate. REC’s are only



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applicable to purchased electricity, while carbon off-sets may be applied to any CO2 emissions source. This would apply to the energy used at the primary supplier facilities and any contract manufacturer’s facilities. It does not apply to energy used further back in the supply chain.

• Water Stewardship

o The Gold level applicant will perform a water audit for the manufacturing facility and any contract manufacturing facilities. See the v 2.1.1 certification criteria and Gold level application for further detail.

• Social Responsibility

o The Gold level applicant will demonstrate that the organization has begun the process of obtaining a third party social accreditation, or is beginning a self-assessment by internally collecting data for workplace certification criteria adopted from a third party assessment, certification, or accreditation system. Suggested programs include B Corp and SA8000. See the v 2.1.1 certification criteria for further detail.

In order to move towards Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM Silver level under program version 3, the

following items would need to be completed: • Material Health

o Optimization of materials that contain carcinogens, mutagens and reproductive toxins to those that do not contain such substances.

o Collection of banned list declarations for any grey assessed materials or red assessed items with grey ingredients.

• Material Reutilization o Reutilization score - The score considers both recycled content and recyclability or compostability.

Products with a score of 50+ are eligible for the Silver level of certification. • Renewable Energy Use

o The Silver level applicant will purchase or produce 5% of the energy required for final product manufacture from renewable sources. Generally this is achieved through the purchase of renewable energy certificates (REC’s) and carbon off-sets as appropriate. REC’s are only applicable to purchased electricity, while carbon off-sets may be applied to any CO2 emissions source. This would apply to the energy used at the primary supplier facilities and any contract manufacturer’s facilities. It does not apply to energy used further back in the supply chain.

• Water Stewardship

o The Silver level applicant will have no significant discharge permit violations in the past two years, will characterize local and business specific water related issues and develop an action plan as needed, and perform a water audit for the manufacturing facility and any contract manufacturing facilities. These are required to achieve the Basic and Bronze levels as well as the Silver level.

o Additionally, the Silver level applicant will characterize and assess process level chemicals related to product manufacture that are present in effluent. Alternatively, supply chain-relevant water issues for at least 20% of Tier 1 suppliers will be characterized and a positive impact strategy will be developed.

• Social Responsibility



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o The Silver level applicant will complete both a basic self audit to assess protection of fundamental human rights at the tier one supplier level, and demonstrate that appropriate management procedures are in place. A full social responsibility self-audit will also be completed employing UN Global Compact or B Corp tools. These are required to achieve the Basic and Bronze levels combined as well as the Silver level.

o The Silver level applicant will also choose from several additional requirements including completion of FSC certification or purchase of FSC certified inputs (other certifications may also apply), investigation and management of supply chain social issues, or active participation in innovative social projects.



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Appendix A: Material Health Optimization Plan

Construction Specialties, Inc is constantly working with MBDC to optimize any and all X or Gray assessed materials. Construction Specialties has conducted the following optimization steps over the course of the past year (2013):

1.) Aluminum Primer à Construction Specialties has worked extremely hard to find a suitable alternative to their current primer. The issue is that the supplier will not disclose the specific formulation. Therefore, Construction Specialties reached out to several other suppliers to find suitable alternative. MBDC is currently in talks with multiple suppliers to implement an NDA, and obtain the formulations to determine whether the primer meets the requirements for the Silver and Gold level of the certification program.

2.) Flexible gaskets à Construction Specialties was able to find suitable alternatives but due to elevated costs they are unable to include them into their product offerings

3.) Rivnuts à The product stewardship team from Construction Specialties is working with their supply chain to source and alternative rivnut that does not contain the specific problematic ingredient.



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Appendix B: Renewable Energy Plan

NativeEnergy Certificate

Muncy Plant

has taken decisive and effective action to support renewable energy generation by purchasing 2,500 megawatt hours of Green-e certified wind energy.

4019

January, 1 2013

01/17/14 Muncy Renewable Energy Certificate Calculation 2013

Calculations based on data from Jan 2013 thru Dec 2013

KWHEJC EFS ADS Muncy Total Gas & Elec.

Jan-13 170,909 101,440 272,527 544,876 417,980Feb-13 170,692 88,474 253,109 512,275 503,463Mar-13 194,124 91,615 326,630 612,369 414,890Apr-13 201,811 124,248 316,938 642,997 286,524May-13 246,076 121,999 296,256 664,331 220,999Jun-13 157,809 113,506 288,309 559,624 182,109Jul-13 218,547 110,667 339,262 668,476 183,706Aug-13 250,111 112,254 318,083 680,448 185,548Sep-13 209,593 96,741 249,401 555,735 187,116Oct-13 193,293 119,112 234,784 547,189 198,487Nov-13 182,913 83,585 231,261 497,759 335,032Dec-13 163,871 76,754 181,335 421,960 428,789

TPG EFS ADSSBU Totals 2,359,749 1,240,395 3,307,895 6,908,039 3,544,643 1,210,831 636,470 1,697,342

% of total weight 34% 18% 48% 100%

Product Lbs KWH 85% 50% 10 % MWH REQ'D $/MWH RECShipped Req'd. MFG usage KWH Excess $1.99

EJC Totals 2,359,749 1,210,831 1,029,206 514,603 566,063 566.1 $1,126.47EFS Totals 1,240,395 636,470 540,999 270,500 297,550 297.5 $592.12ADS Totals 3,307,895 1,697,342 1,442,741 721,370 793,507 793.5 $1,579.08

G29/C29= 0.436 Kwh/lb shippedG30/C30= 0.436 Kwh/lb shippedG31/C31= 0.436 Kwh/lb shippedADS assembly Energy =

Lbs Shipped

1. Mfging energy is 85% of total energy

2. 50% REC offset of Mfging energy

SBU KWHs Allocated

EJC Assembly Energy = EFS Assembly Energy =

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Appendix C: Water Stewardship Principles

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COPYRIGHT © 2005, McDonough Braungart Design ChemistryQuestions -- Tel: 434.295.1111 | Fax: 434.295.1500 | Email: [email protected]

CONFIDENTIALPage 1 of 9

Cradle to Cradle Certified Applicant Data Form -‐-‐ Water Audit

Contact Information

Water Balance

I. Sources / WithdrawalsA)

1) Municipal Supply m3

2) Hauled m3

B)3) Surface Water m3

name of surface water sources:4) Groundwater m3

name of groundwater sources:C)

5) m3

6) m3

Calculation of unmonitored rainwater estimate:6a) Area of collector m2

6b) Annual rainfall mm Estimate = [(6a) * (6b)] / 1000 <-- this value will be entered into blank (6) above

7) Total Rainwater Collection m3

% of Total

8) m3

% of Total

9) Any Other Sources m3

Description:

D)10) Total Estimate m3

Construction Specialties, Inc.

Kendra Martz

This worksheet asks you to measure and report annual values for each category below (i.e., sources/withdrawals; storage; use; discharge). Please copy and complete this form for each facility in which the finished product is assembled or manufactured.

Facility Label/Name:Muncy

Applicant Company:

Manufacturer:(if not 'Applicant Company')Product Trade Name:

Contact Person:

Contact Information:[email protected]; phone: 570-940-1331

8798.9

Billed Sources

Collected Rainwater (monitored)

Collected Rainwater (not monitored)

1,489

7309.9

Other Sources

Pumped by Facility

Recycled / Reclaimed Water

Total for All Sources/Withdrawals

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II. StorageE)

11) Storage at Beginning of Year m3

12) Storage at End of Year m3

13) Net Addition to Storage (12) - (11) = m3

IV. DischargeF)

14) Treatment Plant / POTW m3

15) Hauled m3

16) Other m3

G)17) Surface Water m3

18) Groundwater m3

19) Any Other Discharges m3

Description:

H)20) Total Estimate m3

V. ConsumptionI) m3

J) m3

K) m3

L) m3

= ( I ) - [ ( J ) + ( K ) ] <-- this value will be enterd into blank (L) above

III. Use

M)21) Embodied in Products m3

22) Process and Equipment Use m3

23) Cooling and Heating m3

24) Other Facility Support m3

25) Personnel m3

26) Sanitary and Domestic m3

27) Outdoor Uses m3

28) Total Estimate m3

= (21) + (22) + (23) + (24) + (25) + (26) + (127) <-- this value will be entered into blank (28) above

V. Balance

-- Water that is fully consumed and cannot be recovered -- Water that leaks or evaporates from the system -- Statistical/measurement errors

Sources (+) m3

Net Storage (+) m3

' = (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) + (6) + (7) + (8)+(9) <-- this value will be entered into blank (10) above

8798.9

8798.9

The net addition to storage can be negative, if over the year there is a net withdrawal from the storage facilities. In this case, the amount in (11) will be greater than the amount in (12).

7,309.90

= (14) + (15) + (16) + (17) + (18) + (19) <-- this value will be entered into blank (20) above

Total for All Storage Facilities

Metered or Billed

Direct Discharge

Totals for All Discharges

1,489

Total Water ConsumptionTotal Water DischargeNet Water StorageTotal Water Input 8798.9

8798.9

1,489

By balancing the different categories of sources/withdrawals, storage, use and discharge against one another, any remainder can be attributed to one or more of the following:

Please record all water use types and their annual volumes. Please review the list of potential water uses at the end of this form to identify possible data sources for this section.

Total for All Uses

7309.9

8798.9



Use (-) m3

Discharge (-) m3

Total Remainder = m3

Potential Types of Water UseEmbodied in Products PersonnelProcess and Equipment Use Consumption

Cleaning MedicalMetal finishing Sanitary and DomesticPainting ToiletsDyeing and finishing Urinals

Photo processing FaucetsProduct fluming (water transport) Showers

Cooling and Heating KitchenSingle-pass cooling Cafeteria usesCooling towers/chillers DishwashersBoiler, hot water, steam systems Ice machinesAir washers Faucets/tapsBoiler scrubber Outdoor Uses

Other Facility Support LandscapingFloor washing IrrigationAir emission wet scrubbers Particulate emission controlBuilding washing Decorative fountains/pondsQuality assurance testing Vehicle washingLaboratoriesWastewater treatment

This form is adapted from "Annex 1: Worksheet for Estimating Water Balance" from the Water Protocol of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) <http://www.globalreporting.org/guidelines/protocols.asp>.

8798.9

Each of the categories above can provide opportunities for water conservation and should be assessed for such opportunities.



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Appendix D: Social Responsibility Principles

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James, Thanks of steering us to the B Corporation site. I'm pleased to say we are eligible for certification as a B corporation. I'm not ready to submit for certification because it requires committing to amending our articles of incorporation and that is a matter well beyond my authority.

Additionally, in completing the survey I found our policies were lacking in certain areas that I'd only previously given passing consideration. Specifically, in the broader area of formalizing certain aspects of Corporate Governance and re-evaluating our Community involvement.. The survey gave me a chance to see "us" from independent eyes, and while we measure up to the qualification standards, we have work to be done. In my research into certification of social responsibility I found that ISO is finalizing its ISO 26000 Guidance on Social Responsibility. This will not be a standard giving a separate registration, but which one can be set into an audited standard. Because we're presently ISO 9001/2004, and scheduled for our ISO14001 registration audit in December, I'm considering weaving it into either/both of our registrations. This, then, will give us periodic internal audits as well as annual Registrar audits. I'd like your opinion/recommendation in this matter. http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/830949/3934883/3935837/ISO_DIS_26000_Guidance_on_Social_Responsibility.pdf?nodeid=8385026&vernum=0 I'm also pleased to report, and attach below, that we've adopted a Chemicals Policy, and have begun the process of integrating it into our ISO 14001. (I'm blessed to have been invited to be a Participant in the Business-NGO Working Group and am active on the Chemicals Policy sub-committee.) http://www.busngoworkgroup.org/

My B Report

100% complete

Congratulations! Construction Specialties, Inc. has earned a score of 111.5 and is eligible for certification as a B corporation. If you would like to learn more about the B Rating System or the B Corp Certification Process, please contact B Lab

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view: B Consumer Report | B Business Report | Weightings printable version

Construction Specialties, Inc. Composite B Score: 111.5

Points Earned

% Value

Leadership 9.8 56%

Governance / Accountability 4.4 69%

Transparency / Reporting 2.1 65%

Fair Trade / Supplier Code of Coduct 3.4 43%

Employees 32.0 72%

Compensation & Benefits 21.1 83%

Employee Ownership 4.5 44%

Work Environment 6.5 75%

Consumers 35.7 70%

Beneficial Products / Services 12.2 60%

Beneficial Method of Production / Impact 18.4 90%

Serving those in Need 5.1 50% Community 3.3 8% Local 0.0 0%

Diversity / Broad Ownership 1.8 20%

Charity / Direct Service 1.4 6%

Environment 30.6 69%

Corporate Offices 17.0 84%

Transportation / Distribution 0.0 0%

Manufacturing Facilities 13.6 69%

©2007 B Lab, Inc.

Is this sufficient ? Please consider and advise. Regards, Howard

--- This message (including any attachments) is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information that is non-

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Appendix E: Glossary of Terms

ALGAE TOXICITY Several Genera and Species of Green Algae found in lakes, ponds, and streams that are responsible for aquatic oxygen balance and food sources for fish are tested for their reaction to chemical exposure. Chemicals that kill algae are considered dangerous to aquatic eco-systems due to the possible food chain effects and food source depletion. Algae Toxicity is a measure of a substance's toxicity when consumed by these various types of Algae. A common measuring tool is LC50 ("lethal concentration"), which is the concentration of a substance in the water required to kill fifty (50) percent of the algae test population. If LC50 < 10 mg/L, the substance is considered algae toxic. BIOACCUMULATION The process by which substances are stored and accumulated in the tissue or organs of humans or animals. BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR (BCF) A measure of the tendency for a chemical to accumulate. The ratio of the concentration of a substance in a living organism (mg/kg) to the concentration of that substance in the surrounding environment (mg/l for aquatic systems). BIODEGRADATION The process by which a substance or material is broken down (or decomposed) by microorganisms and reduced to organic or inorganic molecules which can be further utilized by living systems. Biodegradation can be aerobic, if oxygen is present, or anaerobic, if no oxygen is present. BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT A material used by living organisms or cells to carry on life processes such as growth, cell division, synthesis of carbohydrates and other complex functions. Biological Nutrients are usually carbon-based compounds that can be safely composted and return to soil. CARCINOGEN - POSSIBLE, OR SUSPECTED A known animal carcinogen, but evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is non-existent, or there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals (MAK 3 or TLV A3 or IARC Group 2B). CARCINOGEN - PROBABLE A known animal carcinogen, but carcinogenicity in humans has not been definitely proven (MAK 2 or TLV A2 or IARC Group 2A). CARCINOGEN - KNOWN A causal relationship has been established between exposure to the agent and human cancer (MAK 1 or TLV A1 or IARC Group 1). CAS NUMBER Chemical Abstract Service number. This number uniquely identifies each pure chemical compound. CLEARANCE TIME (CT) The CT indicates the time needed to eliminate or biodegrade a substance to a certain percentage in an organism. For example, the CT50 indicates the time needed to eliminate 50% of a certain substance, analogous to the half-life time measure t1/2. CLIMATIC RELEVANCE This is a measure of the climate-influencing characteristics of the substance. All compounds that contribute to global warming are listed here. Examples include carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs, and sulfur hexafluoride. CONTENT OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The column in the periodic chart of the elements that begins with Fluorine contains the halogens. These elements, when combined with organic compounds, form halogenated organic compounds. Most of these compounds are toxic,



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carcinogenic, persistent, Low Profileone depleting or bioaccumulative, or form hazardous substances during production and disposal (e.g., PVC). DAPHNIA TOXICITY Water fleas of the genus Daphnia can be found in most ponds and streams. They feed upon microscopic particles of organic matter and are in turn food for fish and other aquatic organisms. Daphnia Toxicity is a measure of a substance's toxicity when consumed by these water fleas. A common measuring tool for daphnia toxicity is EC50 ("effective concentration"), which is the concentration of a substance in the water required to immobilize 50 percent of the test animals. If EC50<10 mg/liter, the substance is named daphnia toxic. DOWNCYCLING The name for the practice of recycling a material in such a way that much of its inherent value is degraded (e.g. recycling plastic into park benches) revealing poor design of a lifecycle and the related material flows. EFFECT CONCENTRATION 50 (EC50) The median exposure concentration (EC50) is the median concentration of a substance that causes some effect in 50 percent of the test animals. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR A substance that mimics, blocks, or interferes with hormones and their production, metabolism, and excretion causing malfunction of the endocrine system which can lead to malfunction of the reproductive, nervous, and immune systems. FISH TOXICITY Several Genera and Species of fish found in lakes, ponds, and streams that are part of the food chain are tested for their reaction to chemical exposure. Chemicals that kill fish are considered dangerous to aquatic eco-systems due to the possible food chain effects and food source depletion. Fish Toxicity is a measure of a substance's toxicity when consumed by these various types of fish. A common measuring tool is LC50 ("lethal concentration"), which is the concentration of a substance in the water required to kill fifty (50) percent of the fish test population. If LC50 < 10 mg/L, the substance is considered fish toxic. HALF-LIFE (T1/2) The amount of time it takes half of an initial concentration of substance to degrade in the environment. HEAVY METAL The term "Heavy Metals" is generally interpreted to include those metals from periodic table groups IIA through VIA. The semi-metallic elements: boron, arsenic, selenium, and tellurium are often included in this classification. IRRITATION OF SKIN/MUCOUS MEMBRANES For the testing of skin irritation with the standard Draize test, rabbits are used. The chemical is applied to the rabbit skin and usually kept in contact for 4 h. The degree of skin irritation is scored for erythema, eschar and edema formation and corrosive action. These dermal irritation observations are repeated at various intervals after the chemical has been removed. Mucous membrane irritation is measured in a similar manner. Site-specific mechanical responses within the respiratory tract and eyes are measured, and a chemical is classified as an irritant based on the conclusions of these tests. GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL A scale used to relate a compound to the CO2 equivalents to measure the potential heating effects on the atmosphere. LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50 (LC50) The inhalative median lethal concentration (LC50) is the median concentration of a substance that causes death in 50 percent of the test animals. LETHAL DOSE 50 (LD50)



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The median lethal dose (LD50) is the statistically derived median dose of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50 percent of the test animals. MATERIAL A group of one or more chemicals that together comprise a component or input to a finished product. MUTAGEN This is a substance that may cause hereditary disorders in the offspring due to mutations in the chromosomes of the male or female reproductive cells. These mutations can be alterations in the structure or number of chromosomes, or nucleotide substitutions known as point mutations. OCTANOL-WATER PARTITIONING COEFFICIENT (Pow) A measure of the tendency of a chemical to partition between an aliphatic hydrocarbon system and an aqueous system. Often used as a predictor for bioaccumulation potential. LOW PROFILEONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL This is the measure of the Low Profileone depleting characteristics of the substance. Low Profileone depletion in the upper atmosphere leads to an increase of UV-radiation on the earth and as a result, an increase in skin cancer. CFCs are included here. PERSISTENCE This is a measure of a substance's ability to remain as a discrete chemical entity in the environment for a prolonged period of time. A common measuring tool for persistence is "half-life" (t1/2), which is the amount of time required for half of the substance to breakdown. If half-life is greater than 30 days in the air, or if half-life is greater than 50 days in soil, water, or any other media the substance is considered to be persistent. SKIN PENETRATION POTENTIAL A measure of the ability of a compound to assist in the absorption of chemicals into the skin. SENSITIZATION The ability of a substance to induce an immunologically-mediated (allergic) response. TECHNICAL NUTRIENT A material of human artifice designed to circulate within technical metabolism (industrial cycles)—forever.

TERATOGEN A substance shown to cause damage to the embryo or fetus through exposure by the mother (MAK-list: Pregnancy risk group, category A). TERATOGEN - SUSPECTED Currently available information indicates that a risk of damage to the embryo or fetus can be considered probable when the mother is exposed to this substance (MAK-list: Pregnancy risk group, category B). TOXICITY - ACUTE A measure of how poisonous or "deadly" a substance is during initial exposure. A common measuring tool for acute toxicity is LD50 ("lethal dose"), which is the dose required to kill 50 percent of the test animals. If LD50<200 mg/kg, the substance is named acutely toxic. TOXICITY - CHRONIC This is a measure of how poisonous a substance can become over time with repeated exposure. A substance may have low acute toxicity (i.e., little harmful effects from the initial exposure) but may become poisonous over time with repeated exposure. This may be due to accumulation of the substance or due to repeated minor damaging of target organs.



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Resources and Works Cited

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 2003 TLVs and BEIs, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide 2003. CAL PROP 65, California Proposition 65 list of Carcinogens and Reproductive Toxins. http://www.oehha.org/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html CCRIS, Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity data. (Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System, National Cancer Institute) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?CCRIS ChemID Plus, Detailed structure data by CAS number. (National Library of Medicine) http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/setupenv.html DART/ETIC, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity/Environmental Teratology Information Center- Literature (bibliographic & abstract information) on developmental and reproductive toxicology. (National Library of Medicine). http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?DARTETIC.htm Eco-Tox, Environmental toxicity database. (Environmental Protection Agency) http://www.epa.gov/ecotox EFDB, Environmental Fate Data Base. http://esc.syrres.com/efdb.htm EMIC, Environmental Mutagen Information Center. (bibliography and abstracts) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?EMIC Fisher-Acros MSDS. http://www.fishersci.ca/homepage2.nsf/(waSearch)?openagent&lang=E&DB=msds.nsf GENE-TOX, Mutagenicity data. (Environmental Protection Agency) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?GENETOX Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), A comprehensive source for toxicology data for relevance to Human Health. Peer- reviewed. (National Library of Medicine). http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). A list of chemicals that have been evaluated and classified by IARC as to carcinogenic risk to humans. http://193.51.164.11/monoeval/grlist.html IUCLID, International Chemical Information Database (IUCLID). 2000. (European Commission, European Chemicals Bureau) http://ecb.ei.jrc.it List of Ozone Depleting Substances. (Environmental Protection Agency) http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ods.html LogKOW Estimation, Environmental toxicity database. (Environmental Protection Agency) http://esc.syrres.com/interkow/kowdemo.htm MAK List of Carcinogenic, Teratogenic, or Sensitizing Substances, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 2000. List of MAK and BAT Values 2000: Maximum Concentrations and Biological Tolerance Values at the Workplace. Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards if chemical Compounds in the Work Area. Report No. 36. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. 2002. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB RTECS, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. (subscription required) http://ccinfoweb.ccohs.ca/rtecs/search.html Sigma-Aldrich MSDS. http://www.sigma-aldrich.com/msds



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Theo Colborn’s List of Endocrine Disruptors. http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/Basics/chemlist.htm

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