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EUROSTAT METHODOLOGIES AND PRACTICE - R&D INDICATORS FOR MONITORING THE CREATION OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA. Reni Petkova - EUROSTAT. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EUROSTAT METHODOLOGIES AND PRACTICE - R&D INDICATORS FOR
MONITORING THE CREATION OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA
Reni Petkova - EUROSTAT
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
INTRODUCTION
EU LEGAL BASE ON R&D STATISTICS
INDICATORS FOR MEASURЕMENT OF R&D ACTIVITY AT EU LEVEL
STANDARDISED APPROACH FOR R&D AND GBAORD DATA COLLECTION
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR R&D AND GBAORD DATA PRODUCTION
OUTCOMES FROM THE LATEST R&D NATIONAL SURVEYS
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
INTRODUCTION
Making ERA a reality means:
Realising a single labour market for researchers, with high levels of mobility between institutions, disciplines, sectors and countries
Developing world-class research infrastructures, integrated networked and accessible to research teams from across Europe and the world through
the development of new generations of electronic communication infrastructures
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Making ERA a reality means:
Strengthening research institutions, engaged in effective public-private cooperation and partnership, forming the core of research and innovation ‘clusters’
Effective knowledge-sharing: open and easy access to the public knowledge base; knowledge transfer and cooperation between public research and industry
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Making ERA a reality means:
Optimising research programmes and priorities, including the joint programming, implementation and evaluation of public research investments at EU level on issues that go beyond the capacities
of individual countries
A wide opening of ERA to the world, with special emphasis on neighbouring countries of the EU and a strong commitment to addressing global challenges with Europe’s partners
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Establishment and development of a harmonised Community statistics on Research and Development (R&D) is very important as a evidence base for the development of the European Research Area and in order to enable measuring the progress achieved towards its realisation
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Reliable and internationally comparable data of good quality on Research and Development for the Candidate Countries and potential Candidate Countries is needed for:
EU accession negotiations Full integration in Community research policy Evaluation of their progress and position, in respect of R&D efforts, among the other EU and non-EU countries
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LEGAL BASE FOR ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF HARMONSED R&D STATISTICS AT EU LEVEL
Framework legal act: Decision № 1608/2003/EC of the EP and of the Council concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology
Legal implementation measure: Commission Regulation № 753/2004 implementing Decision № 1608/2003/EC of the EP and of the Council as regards statistics on science and technology
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
TO COME IN LINE WITH EU REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS IS:
Obligatory for the Member States Precondition for accession the EU of the CC Recommendable for the potential CC
REQUIREMENTS OF CR № 753/2004 ON R&D AND GBAORD STATISTICS
List of R&D indicators to be compiled, their breakdowns and measurement units (HC, FTE, mio national currency)
Harmonised R&D concepts, definitions and classifications to be implemented – Frascati manual
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Standard classifications to be used (the latest versions of NACE, NUTS, FOS, NABS, ISCED etc.) All classifications are available on Eurostat's Metadata Server RAMONhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC
Type of R&D indicators: Obligatory Optional
Data sources in MS - sample surveys, administrative data sources or others of equivalent quality, or their mixtures
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Frequency of data compilation:
Biannual (on each odd year) - vast majority of indicators
Annual - 3 indicators
Four yearly - gender disaggregation of some indicators
In practice annual data collection carried out by Eurostat in June and in October covers all data sets required, including revisions of the time series
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Deadlines for data transmission to Eurostat:
Preliminary R&D results for the annual indicators: T+10 months
Final (definitive) R&D results: T+18 months
Provisional GBAORD data: T+6 months
Final GBAORD data: T+12 months
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Confidential data provision
Standard transmission format for R&D data delivery to Eurostat (xls)
Transmission media - eDAMIS
Quality evaluation of R&D data by MS, Eurostat and OECD
Pilot studies for developing new variables
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
INPUT INDICATORS FOR MEASURMENT OF R&D ACTIVITY AT EU LEVEL
Variables collected by Eurostat directly from the countries
INTRAMURAL R&D EXPENDITURE (GERD)
By sector of performance
By source of funds and sector of performance
By civil / military - optional
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
By type of activity and sector of performance - optional
By type of costs and sector of performance
By economic activity, NACE (only BES)
By size class (only BES)
By source of funds and size class (only BES)
By major field of science (HES and GOV) - optional
By socio-economic objective (only GOV) - optional
By region (NUTS 2)
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
R&D PERSONNEL
By sector of performance (HC,FTE)
By occupation, sex and sector of performance (alternatively to qualification); (HC)
By qualification, sex and sector of performance (alternatively to occupation); (HC)
By occupation and sector of performance (alternatively to qualification); (FTE)
By qualification and sector of performance (alternatively to occupation); (FTE)
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
R&D PERSONNEL
By economic activity (only BES);(HC,FTE)
By major field of science and sex (HES and GOV); (HC);(FTE - optional)
By region (NUTS 2) and sector of performance; (HC,FTE)
By region (NUTS 2), sex and sector of performance (HC) - optional
By economic activity (NACE) and sex (only BES); (HC)
By size class (only BES); (FTE)
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
RESEARCHERS
By sector of performance (HC, FTE)
By sex and sector of performance (HC);(FTE - optional)
By qualification, sex and sector of performance; (HC - optional)
By qualification and sector of performance; (FTE - optional)
By economic activity and sex (only BES);(HC)
By economic activity (only BES);(FTE)
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
RESEARCHERS
By major field of science and sex (HES and GOV); (HC); (FTE - optional)
By region (NUTS 2) and sector of performance; (HC, FTE)
By region (NUTS 2), sex and sector of performance (HC, FTE - optional)
By age groups and sex (HES and GOV); (HC - optional)
By citizenship and sex (HES and GOV); (HC - optional) By size class (only BES); (FTE)
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
GOVERNMENT BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS OR OUTLAYS ON R&D (GBAORD)
GBAORD in the provisional budget by socio-economic objectives at NABS chapter level
GBAORD in the final budget by socio- economic objectives at NABS chapter level (sub-chapter level - optional)
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
STANDARDISED APPROACH FOR R&D AND GBAORD DATA COLLECTION
Joint OECD/Eurostat harmonised R & D questionnaire - reduction of burden
Comprises 3 modules: Common Core OECD/Eurostat module ESTAT supplementary module OECD supplementary module
Goes beyond the requirements of EU legal base: includes all variables defined in CR № 753/2004 (obligatory and optional) plus some additional highly required variables (voluntary)
Data validation rules in place within the R&D questionnaire
REQUESTED BY BOTH OECD (if MSTI, bold) and ESTAT (COMMISSION REGULATION No 753/2004)
REQUESTED BY OECD (if MSTI bold)
REQUESTED FOR COMMISSION REGULATION No 753/2004
Colour Error Codes
Invalid Data
Invalid Note
Unequal Sub-Total within the sector
Unequal Total across sectors
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
OECD/Eurostat harmonised R&D questionnaire
Contains around 50 Tables in two Excel workbooks
Received electronically via eDAMIS from 33 countries: 27 MS; 2 CC and 4 Others (CH, IS, NO, RU)
Annually three rounds of transmission by the countries to Eurostat:
In June: final R&D and provisional GBAORD data In October: preliminary R&D yearly data In December: final GBAORD data
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Derived R&D variables (ratio indicators) produced by Eurostat - for international comparisons neutralizing the economic importance of the countries (size differences)
R&D expenditure and GBAORD as а percentage of GDP (at national and regional level)
R&D INTENSITY IN 2006
For EU-27: 1.84 % - still below the Lisbon target In two MS: > 3 % - SE (3.37%) FI (3.45%) In four MS: (2 % - 3%) - DE, FR, AT, DK In 40 EU regions at NUTS 2: > 2% In 20 of these EU regions: > 3 %
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Derived R&D variables (ratio indicators) produced by Eurostat
R&D expenditure and GBAORD in Euro per inhabitant
GBAORD as а percentage of total general government expenditure
R&D personnel as а percentage of active population (at national and regional level)
R&D personnel as а percentage of total employment (at national and regional level)
EU aggregates calculated by Eurostat for EU-27, EU-15, EUA-15
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
EVALUATION OF R&D DATA QUALITY
Quality Reports produced by MS cover six quality criteria and cost/burden issue:
Relevance
Accuracy
Timelines and Punctuality
Accessibility and Clarity
Comparability
Coherence
Cost and Burden
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
QUALITY INDICATORS
Data availability rate; Coefficient of variance; Coverage errors; Measurement errors; Processing errors; Non-response (unit, item); Imputation rate; Coherence between Preliminary and final data; Time spent for R&D data compilation (response burden); Cost of R&D statistics
Example for quality indicator on coherence of R&D expenditure data originating from different sources: Difference between GBAORD data and government - financed GERD data
GBAORD as a % of GERD funded by GOV - reference year 2005
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2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
R&D DATA DISSEMINATION AND PUBLICATIONS
Eurostat data base NewCronos
Validated R&D data (including revisions of the time series) are stored into NewCronos under following target timetable:
Provisional GBAORD data: T+10 months Preliminary R&D data: T+11 months Final GBAORD data: T+15 months Final R&D data: T+21 months
Data availability for 37 countries since 1980: (33 countries based on direct data collection + other sources used for CA, JP, USA, CN)
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
EUROSTAT PUBLICATIONS
News release
Statistics in Focus
Pocket books
Statistical books
All R&D data and publications can be downloaded in electronic from without charges, through the Eurostat homepage http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW R&D INDICATORS
Better measurement of R&D internationalization
Further breakdown of ‘GERD funded from abroad’ into: Foreign business enterprise (EU/non-EU) Other national governments (EU/non-EU) Private non-profit organisations Higher education European Commission International organisations Others This breakdown is aiming at better measurement of public/private R&D source of funds and monitoring the Barcelona target 2/3 of R&D to be financed by private sources
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW R&D INDICATORS
Better measurement of R&D internationalization
Inward FATS R&D expenditure and R&D personnel EU funds for R&D International joint research programs Inter-government research schemes
These new indicators are needed for measurement of: the inflow of money from EU funds devoted to R&D, international co-operation on research and R&D activity performed by European research organizations
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
STANDARD CLASSIFICATION SUSTEM FOR R&D AND GBAORD DATA PRODUCTION INSTITUTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
Four sectors of performance: Business enterprise sector (BES) Government sector (GOV) Higher education sector (HES) Private non-profit sector (PNP)
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
Five source of funds: Business enterprise sector (BES) Government sector (GOV) Higher education sector (HES) Private non-profit sector (PNP) Abroad
NACE rev.1.1 General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the EU
NACE rev. 2 - for reference year 2009
NUTS 2006 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
TYPE OF ACTIVITY Basic research Applied research Experimental development FIELDS OF SCIENCE (2007) Natural sciences Engineering and technology Medical sciences Agricultural sciences Social sciences Humanities
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TYPE OF COSTS Current costs Labour costs Other current costs Capital expenditure Land and buildings Instruments and equipment
OCCUPATIONS - linked to ISCO Researchers Technicians Other supporting staff
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FORMAL LEVEL OF EDUCATION (based on ISCED)
PhD holders (ISCED 6) Other University degrees and other tertiary diplomas (ISCED 5A and 5B) Other qualifications (ISCED 4 and below)
SOCIO-ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES (2007) 01 Exploration and exploitation of the earth 02 Environment 03 Exploration and exploitation of space 04 Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES 2007 05 Energy 06 Industrial production and technology 07 Health 08 Agriculture 09 Education 10 Culture, recreation, religion and mass media 11 Political and social systems, structures and processes 12 General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF) 13 General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from other sources 14 Defence
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OTHER BREAKDOWNS
AGE CLASSES (in years): Up to 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and more
SIZE CLASSES (in employees) 0 employees; 1 to 9; 10 to 49; 50 to 249; 250 to 499; 500 and more
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CITIZENSHIP
National citizenship Citizenship of other EU Member States Citizenship of other European countries Citizenship of North America Citizenship of central and south America Citizenship of Asia Citizenship of Africa Other citizenship
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
OUTCOMES FROM THE LATEST R&D NATIONAL SURVEYS IN 12 NEW MS AND WBC
DATA SOURCES:
Eurostat database: BG; CZ; EE; CY; LV; LI; HU; MT; PL; RO; SI; SK; HR Reference year: 2006
UNESCO database: FYROM; CS* Reference year: 2005
* Data exclude Montenegro and Kosovo/UNSCR 1244. Serbia and Montenegro data were gathered through UIS surveys conducted during or before 2006, at which time Serbia and Montenegro was a single Member State of UNESCO are presented as such in all graphics.
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
1.84
0.48
1.54
1.14
0.42
0.700.80
1.00
0.54 0.560.45
1.59
0.49
0.87
0.25
1.41
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
%
EU-27 BG CZ EE CY LV LI HU MT PL RO SI SK HRFYROM CS
R&D EXPENDITURE AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
2006 2005
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
%
EU-27 BG CZ EE CY LV LI HU MT PL RO SI SK HR FYROM CS
R&D EXPENDITURE BY SECTOR OF PERFORMANCE AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
BES GOV HES PNP
2006 2005
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
BG CZ EE LV LI HU MT PL RO SI SK CY EU-27 HR
R&D EXPENDITURE BY SOURCE OF FUNDS AS A PERCENTAGEOF TOTAL, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
BES GOV HES PNP ABROAD
2006 2005
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
32.4230.8
143.568.574.7
85.0118.8
87.656.5
28.9265
5581.2 1399.1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
BG
CZ
EE
CY
LV
LI
HU
MT
PL
RO
SI
SK
HR
EU-27
R&D EXPENDITURE PPS95P PER IHABITANT, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
2006
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
121.3
18.2
121.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
HR
FYROM
CS
D&D EXPENDITURE PPP$ PER INHABITANTFOR SELECTED WBC
2006
2005
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
EU-27 BG CZ EE LV HU MT PL RO SI SK LI CY HR FYROM CS
DISTRIBUTION OF R&D PERSONNEL (HC) BY SECTOR OF PERFORMANCE, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
BES GOV HES PNP
2006 2005
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
EU-27
BG
CZ
EE
LV
HU
MT
PL
RO
SI
SK
LI
CY
HR
FYROM
CS
R&D PERSONNEL (HC) BY OCCUPATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL,EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
RESEARCHERS TECHNICIANS+OTHER
2006
2005
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
EU-27 BG CZ EE LV HU MT PL RO SI SK LI CY HRFYROMCS
R&D PERSONNEL BY GENDER AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL,EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
FEMALE MALE
2006 2005
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
69.6
85.9
69
54.460.7
51.5 52.860.6
73 72.665 67.4
46.852.2
45.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
%
EU-27 BG CZ EE LV HU MT PL RO SI SK LI CY HR FYROM
RATIO FTE/HC R&D PERSONNEL IN %,EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
2006 2005
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
1.62
0.82
1.3
1.54
0.74 0.76
0.97
0.47
0.72
0.89
1.26
0.73 0.74
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
%
EU-27 BG CZ EE CY LV LI MT PL RO SI SK HU
GBAORD AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL GENERAL GOVERNMENT, EXPENDITURE, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
2006 2005