renewable energy in china: towards a sustainable …biomass natural gas ... lessons from china...

14
Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable Development The World Bank Group September 2010 Dejan R. Ostojic Sector Leader Energy East Asia and Pacific Region The World Bank

Upload: others

Post on 08-Jun-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable 

Development

The World Bank GroupSeptember 2010

Dejan R. OstojicSector Leader ‐ Energy

East Asia and Pacific RegionThe World Bank 

Page 2: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

Structure of the PresentationContext and challenges

Outlook

WBG role

Lessons learned

Towards sustainable development

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN CHINA

World Bank Group

Page 3: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

China is part of the solution to key global energy issues

Climate Change• High energy 

consumption• High carbon content of 

energy use• Largest total CO2 

emissions• Large population, low 

per capita CO2

• Consumption to double 2005‐2030

World Bank Group 

CONTEXT AND CHALLENGES

Energy Security• Rapid increase in oil and gas importsRapid economic growth, urbanization, and improving quality of life while shifting to less energy‐ and carbon‐intensive economy, cities, and lifestyle

Page 4: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

Primary energy consumption and GDP (1980‐2005)

World Bank Group 

CONTEXT AND CHALLENGES

0

10

20

30

40

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Prim

ary

Ener

gy C

onsu

mpt

ion

(Mbo

e/d)

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

GD

P (b

illio

n 20

00 R

MB)

coal

oil

biomass

natural gas

hydro & nuclear

GDP

10x GDP, 3x Energy Consumption, but still a mixed result on energy intensity

Page 5: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

Government Actions: 11th 5‐Year Plan (2006‐2010)

Government targetsEnergy intensity to be reduced by 20% between 2005 and 2010Non‐fossil fuel share in energy mix to rise to 15% by 2020Carbon intensity to be reduced by 40–45% between 2005 and 2020

Recent performanceEnergy conservation key policy objective across all levels of governmentUpward trend in energy intensity reversed, energy intensity cut by 14.4% between 2006 and 2009 according to official statisticsDoubling of installed wind capacity each year between 2005 and 2009

Remaining ChallengesIndustry’s share in primary energy consumption still very high (70%), coal share in energy mix remains at 69%, and renewable energy use faces challenges (e.g. wind power connections to grid)

World Bank Group 

CONTEXT AND CHALLENGES

Page 6: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

OUTLOOK

World Bank Group  

China needs to half its energy intensity and power generation would need to shift dramatically by 2030

ENV Scenario(1,975 GW)

CCP Scenario(2,336 GW)

Page 7: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

OUTLOOK

World Bank Group

ENV scenario is increasingly affordable as the economy continue to grow, but the incremental cost is large

Page 8: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

• 40%  energy lending was for RE/EE in FY09—a 24% increase from FY08

• Nearly $4.5 billion invested in programs directly dealing with energy access

WORLD BANK GROUP’S ROLE IN ENERGYWORLD BANK GROUP’S ROLE IN ENERGY

Sectoral Distribution (FY2004–09)

World Bank Group

Page 9: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

China Portfolio 1999–2009

WORLD BANK GROUP’S ROLE IN ENERGY

World Bank Group 

IBRD, GEF, carbon finance – $1.6 billion

90% renewable and energy efficiency, $1.4 billion

Page 10: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

Highlights of Current Portfolio

WORLD BANK GROUP’S ROLE IN ENERGY

World Bank Group Energy

China Renewable Scale Up Program:• Wind, small hydropower, biomass demonstration (IBRD)• Policy studies (supporting regulations for renewable energy 

law), capacity building and wind/biomass/small hydro technology improvement (GEF)

Energy Efficiency (EE) Program:• Industrial EE and Financial Intermediary Lending • Provincial Energy Efficiency Scale Up Program (ESCO)

New Technologies:

• Green Energy for Low Carbon Cities (EE, smart grids, distributedRE, EVs)

• Off‐shore Wind

• Energy Storage and Carbon Capture and Storage

Page 11: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

Effective policies are key success factor:

Mandatory access to grid

Tariffs covering incremental costs (0.06 cents/kWh in China)

Competitive tendering mechanisms

Technology transfer and capacity building through cost‐shared R&D (standards, testing and certification)

Technical assistance and seed funding to entrepreneurs 

Help leverage local financing and improve capacity of local financial institutions to support renewable energy

Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program

LESSONS LEARNED 

World Bank Group Energy 

Page 12: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

From Scale‐up to Sustainable Growth

TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 

World Bank Group 

15%

• Cost reduction• Efficiency improvement

• Grid integration• Level‐playing field

RE competes in open market

8%

2010 2015 20202005

RE small share:Incentives manageable

RE large share:cost matters

Sector reform

Sustainable Scale‐Up

Scale‐Up: More GW in a short time

• Develop and implement policies• Build up domestic RE industry

Page 13: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

Energy pricing reforms are key for clean energy

TOWARDS SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT

World Bank Group

CO2 Aba

temen

t  cost

Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy

•Regulations and financial incentives• Financing mechanisms• Institutional reform

• Feed‐in Tariff or Renewable Portfolio Standard• Tax on fossil fuel

• Support for R&D• Financing  incremental cost • Technology transfer

New Technologies

Energy pricing reforms

Page 14: Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Sustainable …biomass natural gas ... Lessons from China Renewable Energy Program ... in open market 8% 2005 2010 2015 2020 RE small share: Incentives

Visit the World Bank’s websiteto share your views,

stay updated, and get more information.

http://www.worldbank.org/energyconsultations

SEEKING YOUR INPUT

World Bank Group 

Thank you