Renaissance, Reformation and Enlightenment

By: Megan Davies, Phillip Dougherty, and John Kinkead

Empiricism ( pg 527)

What?What?• It was part of the scientific revolution• This was during the sixteenth and

seventeenth century So what?So what? • Empiricism was the theory that all

knowledge originates in the experience; the practice of relying on direct observation of events and experience for determining reality

John Kinkead

Humanism (439)

What?What?• This was supported by men such as

Boccaccio and Petrarch • Was the central motivating philosophy

of the Renaissance So What?So What?• the term which was applied to the

intellectual movement initiated in western Europe in the fourteenth century.

John Kinkead

Enlightened Despotism (535)

What?What?• A ruler who used this system was Fredrick II

the great of Prussia also Catharine II of Russia • Taxes were reasonable agriculture and

handicraft was encouraged freedom of speech and religion was allowed and lastly the military was strengthened in result of all this a powerful empire was formed

So What?So What?• a form of government where the ruler has

absolute rights over his or her subjects, but uses this power for their benefit

John Kinkead

Concordat (545)

What?What? • Napoleon had a Concordat with the pope.

So What?So What?• a public agreement, subject to

international law, between the pope as head of Roman Catholic Church and a temporal ruler regulating the status, rights, and liberties of Church within the country concerned

John Kinkead

Important Places

• London= Start of Industrial Revolution, Chartist movement, equal rights

• Paris= Revolutions, labor unions, worker revolts

• Rome= Start of Renaissance, spread to the rest of Europe

• Germany= Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, Bismarck

John Kinkead

John Kinkead

http://www.europeetravel.com/images/maps/europe-political-large.gif

Key Leaders: Thomas Hobbes

• Political Philosopher, he wrote Leviathan which said to limit the power of the king

• In “State of Nature” Hobbes said that people need leaders so that they will not be in chaos, this is known as the social contract

523-524 PD

Key Leaders: John Locke• Believed in the social

contract like Hobbes• Locke believed how ever

that “equal right that every man hath to his natural freedom, without being subjected to the will or authority of any other man”.

• He also believed that a government should be ruled by the majority

• The most important thing that he believed in was that property and private profit were what government should encourage people to do 524 PD

Key Leaders: Napoleon• Created the Code

Napoleon, which allowed for equality in laws and said that people can go into any profession they wanted to

• He also allowed all religions the same rights and brought said that the pope can have control over the Roman Catholic church

• Napoleon then sought to spread the principles of the French revolution to others through conquering them thus creating an empire, and the Napoleonic wars

545-546 PD

Key Leaders: Karl Marx

• Created the Communist Manifesto, this book called for a a worker led revolution

• Proletariats or the labor classes should rise up and become the ruling classes because the workers are the ones that keep the nations going

581-583 PD

Time Line (455)Date What happened? Significance?

1789 (France) Tennis Court Oath When the third estate told the king they wanted a new constitution and would have a revolution to get one. (led to the French revolution)

1791-9 (France)

Second French Revolution

Revolt of the poor, everyone wanted to have equal rights

1804 (France) Napoleon becomes Emperor

Spreads the principles of the French revolutions to other countries

1820 (Britain) Chartist Movement Chartist movement for men's suffrage, men get the right to vote

1848 (Europe) Communist Manifesto A book by Marx, saying that socialism is the only good form of government

1884 (France) Labor Unions Labor Unions in France are legalized

Question 1

• Question: How was the Medici family the “father family” of the renaissance?

• Answer: – They sponsored many new artists and

flourishing peoples in Florence (the capital city of the Renaissance)

– Their reign lasted many years, providing many years of patronage.

MD

Question 2

• Question: How did the views of Locke and Hobbs affect the Enlightenment?

• Answer:– Locke: created idea of a strong democracy

ruled by the will of the people and a voluntary government- allegiance to the king is based on how well they are treated

– Hobbs: created “social contract” and believed that the government was to serve the people

MD

Question 3

• Question: Why did Europe shift towards capitalism?

• Answer: – 1. It offers profit, education, motivation,

and growth of the middle class– 2. Unlike mercantilism/feudalism which

gives the government the wealth, the profit goes to the people.

MD

Question 4• Question: How was the Church involved in the

Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment?

• Answer:– Renaissance: disliked pursuit of personal profit, and

personal business.– Reformation: Martin Luther and John Calvin taught

new forms of religion, besides the powerful and big Catholic Church. The Church, being outraged with these new reforms brought along the Counter-Revolution

– Enlightenment: Led by the philosophes that were deist, which means that they taught human reason over the authority of the Church.

MD