RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE

Rafaello – The School of Rafaello – The School of AthensAthens

Plato, Aristotle, Diogenés and other figures representing the ultimate wisdom of humankind

RENESANCE – FIND OUT!RENESANCE – FIND OUT! When does it begin and end?When does it begin and end? What does this word literally mean?What does this word literally mean? What country is considered the cradle of What country is considered the cradle of

Renaissance?Renaissance? What other historical events are considered What other historical events are considered

important in this era?important in this era? What Italian cities played an important role What Italian cities played an important role

during Renaissance?during Renaissance? Which artist is regarded as the prototype of a Which artist is regarded as the prototype of a

Renaissance man?Renaissance man? What is humanism?What is humanism? What invention helped spread the ideas of What invention helped spread the ideas of

Renaissance?Renaissance?

TWO MOVEMENTSTWO MOVEMENTS--

TWO PATHSTWO PATHS

RENAISSANCE – HUMANISMRENAISSANCE – HUMANISM

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REFORMATIONREFORMATION

TYPICAL FEATURES OF TYPICAL FEATURES OF RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE

anthropocentrismanthropocentrism individualismindividualism humanismhumanism scientific basis of artscientific basis of art realismrealism secularizationsecularization nacionalismnacionalism collectingcollecting patronagepatronage

Italian Renaissance and Italian Renaissance and humanismhumanism

Return to AntiquityReturn to Antiquity In the course of the 14In the course of the 14thth century the century the

Italian scholars and artists began to turn Italian scholars and artists began to turn back to Antiquity for inspiration, back to Antiquity for inspiration, especially to the art of the Imperial especially to the art of the Imperial Rome. Rome.

This new style of living was later referred This new style of living was later referred to as to as Renaissance = rebirth, revivalRenaissance = rebirth, revival

Renaissance = new perspective of the Renaissance = new perspective of the world and the role of the man in itworld and the role of the man in it

The birth of RenaissanceThe birth of Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance is the period from is the period from 14th 14th toto 16th 16th

centuries, and which preceeds the period of centuries, and which preceeds the period of Reformation. It Reformation. It originated in Italyoriginated in Italy and and subsequently spread all across Europesubsequently spread all across Europe..

The Italian Renaissance connects the Western The Italian Renaissance connects the Western world with the classical knowledge. world with the classical knowledge.

The learning also spread thanks to the The learning also spread thanks to the invention of invention of printing pressprinting press (invented by (invented by Johannes Guttenberg, 1455)Johannes Guttenberg, 1455)

The Italian Renaissance is often marked as The Italian Renaissance is often marked as the beginning of the Modern Agethe beginning of the Modern Age

the term was first used by the term was first used by Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari v r. v r. 15501550

The reasons for its rise in ItalyThe reasons for its rise in Italy gradual growth in trade and gradual growth in trade and

importance of the Italian cities – so-importance of the Italian cities – so-called: communescalled: communes

they kept a reasonable independence they kept a reasonable independence of both the Emperor and the Pope, in of both the Emperor and the Pope, in spite of formally being a part of the spite of formally being a part of the Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire

domicile of the majority of originally domicile of the majority of originally rural gentry/ nobility (e.g. bankers – de rural gentry/ nobility (e.g. bankers – de Medici)Medici)

different life styledifferent life style advancement of art and architectureadvancement of art and architecture political independencepolitical independence the rise of a new kind of man!the rise of a new kind of man!

the Renaissance concept of the the Renaissance concept of the worldworld

the life of medieval man was centered the life of medieval man was centered around his around his faith in Godfaith in God

the Renaissance man laid emphasis on the Renaissance man laid emphasis on human reasonhuman reason

attempt to understandattempt to understand the world and its the world and its regularitiesregularities

man (humanus) man (humanus) becomes thebecomes the center of center of attentionattention

herefromherefrom humanism = obr humanism = obráceni pozornosti áceni pozornosti k člověkuk člověku

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)1519)

this broadly talented artist is often this broadly talented artist is often regarded as the prototype of a regarded as the prototype of a Renaissance manRenaissance man

he was simultaneously a painter, he was simultaneously a painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, writer sculptor, architect, scientist, writer and musicianand musician

The Last SupperThe Last Supper

The Last Supper became the theme for an array of artists. The scene depicts Jesus Christ and the 12 disciples during dinner on the eve when Jesus was betrayed and arrested. Later cricified.

Mona Lisa – La GiocondaMona Lisa – La Gioconda

Leonardo's inventionsLeonardo's inventions

Renaissance learningRenaissance learning

knowledge of languages – especially knowledge of languages – especially LATINLATIN

in the Middle Ages Latin was on the in the Middle Ages Latin was on the decline and was simplifieddecline and was simplified

the humanists turned back to the humanists turned back to the the original classical Latin original classical Latin throughthrough the the copies of classical workscopies of classical works

Renaissance learningRenaissance learning

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Nicholas CopernicusNicholas Copernicus

occupied himself with occupied himself with astronomyastronomy and and mathematicsmathematics

he proved that the Earth and the other he proved that the Earth and the other planets run around the Sunplanets run around the Sun

tj. tj. HELIOCENTRISMHELIOCENTRISM

proved that the Earth spins around its proved that the Earth spins around its own axisown axis

Giordano BrunoGiordano Bruno

also advocated the concept of heliocentrismalso advocated the concept of heliocentrism

he eventually came to believe that the he eventually came to believe that the space is endless and that it contains a space is endless and that it contains a countless number of suns/stars and planetscountless number of suns/stars and planets

came into a conflict with the public and the came into a conflict with the public and the churchchurch

in 1600 he was proclaimed a heretic and in 1600 he was proclaimed a heretic and burned at a stakeburned at a stake

Galileo GalileiGalileo Galileisentences to be sentences to be

burned for similar burned for similar ideasideas

in the end he in the end he revoked revoked his beliefshis beliefs

Galileo is believed to Galileo is believed to have uttered these have uttered these words after he had words after he had saved himself from saved himself from death :death :“…And yet, it “…And yet, it spins!“spins!“

he invented a 30x zoom telescope

Fine ArtFine Art search for beautysearch for beauty

loooking for some rules that would loooking for some rules that would define the define the ideal beautyideal beauty

the Italian cities became the Italian cities became centers of centers of artart::

Florence, Pisa, Venice a RomeFlorence, Pisa, Venice a Rome

FlorenceFlorence

Sandro BotticelliSandro Botticelli

THE BIRTH OF VENUS

TizianTizian

the portrait the portrait of Emperor of Emperor Charles V.Charles V.

Michelangelo Michelangelo BuonarottiBuonarotti

decorated the so-called Sistine Chapel in Vatican (Rome) with frescoes