Removal of Extortionary Corruption : Key to Empowering Indian Citizens

•Prepared & presented by :Sheth Bhaumik L.Institute of Technology , Nirma University

• “Corruption is like a Ball of snow – once its set a rolling , it must increase.”

Charles caleb colton

Corruption..Mujhko pahechan lo..

• What is corruption..?

• Lack of integrity or honesty ;

• Use of a position of trust for a dishonest gain..

• An impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle..

Corruption : ‘The multi headed Ravana..’

Activity called ‘corruption’ includes :

• Bribes

• Fraud

• Extortion

• Favouritism

• Nepotism

• Embezzlement

• Collusion

A moral issue..

• Because it is consider as WRONG, SINFUL, EVIL according to some code or theory of ethics.

• It is clear betrayal of public trust. It breaks promises of impartiality made when they were invested with the authority to govern.

• It generate a sense of shame, a sense of guilt.

• Really ..??

Corruption Anatomy..!

C = Monopoly + Discretion – Accountability

Do I have a choice? Are there alternatives?

Competition

Complexity, flexibility, lack of objective criteria, impossibility of complete control and complete contracts…

Asymmetric information

Who to whom, and how?

Transparency Information: relevant, exact,

accessible (in time, space and economically speaking)

Necessary, but not sufficient condition for accountability

Includes power to sanction (Enforcement)

Roots of corruption‘’Why this Corruption dii..??’’

Institutional factors:

• Lack of democracy

• Ineffective judiciary

• Unfair elections

• Lack of free media

• Lack of effective management and organization of administrative mechanism.

• Lack of economic stability.

• Lack of effective political leadership

Roots of corruption‘’Why this Corruption dii..??’’

Personal factors :

• Ego

• Lack of Responsibility!

• Selfishness

• Greed

• Lack of values & humanity!

• Diminishing values in the society.

• Diminishing patriotism.

• Lack of awareness about policies and procedure

• Low literacy rate.

Extortionary & Collusive CorruptionBade miyaan VS. Chotte Miyaan..!

Extortionary corruption•This corruption is spread in day to day life of a common man.•Forced by government bodies & officials.•Ends up with compulsion on common man to pay bribe.•Lose of time, money & opportunities•Economically may looks like a small scale than the other but affects middle class to poor.•It is very less talked about by print and electronic media.•Can be removed through proper directional efforts

Collusive corruption

• The person who is paying up is in collusion with public authority to fleece general public.

• All big scams .

• Much talked in print & electronic media.

• Do not affect Common man much.

• It can not be completely removed.

Corruption : Rampant in all Sphere

• Politics

• Bureaucracy

• Corporation

• Technocracy

• Defense

• Judiciary

Politics & Corruption ‘Hum saath saath Hai..!’

•Politics can be told one of the major reason of corruption In India.•December 2008, 120 of India's 522 parliament members were facing criminal charges .•Politician use their power at best for corruption activities & at the result of it , common man has to suffer a lot.

PoliceInspector RAJ..!

•Despite state prohibitions against torture and custodial misconduct by the police, torture is widespread in police custody, which is a major reason behind deaths in custody.•The police often torture innocent people until a confession is obtained to save influential and wealthy officers.

BureaucracyBabu - Samjo ishare..!

•A study done by Transparency International in India found that more than 50% of the people had firsthand experience of paying bribe or peddling influence to get jobs done in a public office..

•In 2009 survey, Indian economy & bureaucracy was found to be the least efficient among all leading economies of Asia.

•Further, There was a statement : working with Indian civil servants was a slow & painful process..!

Real estate‘The REAL Culprit..’

• Easy way to vanish Black money.

• No provision of incentive for black money involvement in Real estate sector.

• Officials often steals state property.

• Mafia raj consisting of municipal & other government officials, politicians, real estate developers acquire, develop and sell land in illegal ways.

JudiciaryAndha kanoon..!

Corruption is rampant in the judicial system of India..According to TII, judicial corruption in India is attributable to factors such as ; delays in the disposal of cases, shortage of judges, complex & lengthy procedures, fake witnesses etc. all of which are exacerbated by a preponderance of new laws.

Other service sectors‘Hum bhi hai JOSH mai..!’

Apart from the above mentioned major sectors , collusive corruption is to be found on many other field in day to day life of a layman.

Following are the fields :

• Education

• Banking

• Communication

• Medical services

The BLACK MONEY..‘Hum kaale hai to kyaa hua…’

•Money slashed in Foreign Banks 70 lakh Crores in Foreign Countries.•India is Champion on Black Money.•13 times of Foreign debt can be paid.•45 crore poor people can get 1lakh each. •We need not pay any tax

Role of MEDIA..•Is media playing its role neutrally ??•“Almost all media—organizations and journalists—have political connections either directly through the political parties or indirectly through oligarchs and organized crime……Ordinary people were seldom included in stories and how an issue affected them was rarely reported. Instead, members of the political elite set the news agenda and were the ones who were quoted and portrayed in stories...

Source: Nieman Reports, ‘Where Western Perceptions Clash With Eastern European Realities’ by Drew Sullivan - http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reports/article/102593/Where-Western-Perceptions-Clash-With-Eastern-European-Realities.aspx

Why do people pay bribe ??

• Favourable judgement

• Speeding up judgement

• Other activity ( middle man)

• Obtaining bail

• Manipulating witnesses

• Threat

• To escape from actual legal process / fine

Consequences of Corruption..

• Loss of National wealth

• Hindrance and obstruction in development

• Backwardness

• Poverty

• Authority and power in wrong hands

• Brain drain

• Unhealthy climate for investment

• Rise in terrorism and crimes

• Rise in suicide cases

• Psychological and social disorders

6 pillars of anti-corruption strategy

• Institution Building

• Situational Prevention

• Social Prevention (Awareness Raising)

• Enforcement

• Evaluation and Monitoring

• International Legal Cooperation

How Does Corruption Prevention, Education & Awareness Raising Work?

Create a culture of integrity (long-term):

• Bring together all important parties in the fight against corruption (e.g. government, civil society, media, public).

• Educate about integrity and what to expect from elected officials civil servants, etc.

• Stimulate societies to move from a culture of acceptance of corruption to one of rejection of corruption.

• Promote access to information (e.g. through transparency portals or e-government utilities).

 

Set an example..

• NGOs and other institutions also need to take steps to avoid becoming corrupt themselves.

• Human rights organizations and NHRIs should be financially transparent themselves

• Information needs to be socially contextualized. information available in an appropriate form to those who have a legitimate interest in their work.

• Codes of conduct that clearly identify and sanction corrupt forms of behavior, promote good practices (on recruitment of staff for example), and protect staff when attempts are made to corrupt them, may be useful.

(Source: International Council on Human Rights Policy and Transparency International, Corruption and Human Rights: Making the Connection; http://www.ichrp.org/files/reports/40/131_web.pdf)

Get simple but effective laws..

• Dangers from corruption may lead many countries to consider revising laws

• Frustration with court delays may also encourage law reform

• Success with such reform would be shown by:

– A higher percentage of convictions

– Judges would understand cases better

– Prosecutors avoid less certain cases

– Cases take less time in court

– Criminals deterred by risk of conviction

Whistle-blowers• Those within the system can act as whistle-blowers

• They can inform about the corruption

• Govt. of India has given approval to enact a law to safeguard the whistle-blowers

• The law shall be stringent for those who discloses the identity of whistle-blowers

We Salute Them

Satyendra Dubey Manjunath Amit Jethava

Pay them Bribe..!

A Zero rupee note is a tool to help you achieve the goal of zero corruption. The note is a way for any human being to SAY NO to corruption without the fear of facing the encounter with persons in authority.So next time someone asks you for bribe, take out your zero rupee note & PAY THEM BRIBE…!

Some simple but effective ways..

• No tainted MPs and MLAs • No discretionary powers to distribute freebees

•All political parties should stop fielding candidates with criminal record.

•No politician or govt official be allowed to have discretionary powers to distribute land, financial grants, jobs or any other kind of favour like free TVs, laptops . •Tax payers’ money must not be squandered.

28 days time limit for any public services‘No more Tarikh pe Tarikh..!’

All applications to any public office should be replied , permissions granted, certificates given and any other services should be provided to the public within 28 days or early. Officials who fail to observe this limit must be penalised.

No transfers before 5 years‘No more Hera Pheri..!’

There is a possible threat of transfer in case of negation in corruption.

Political leaders should not have powers to transfer govternment officials.

And govt officials must have secure tenure of at least 5 years to work at one place.

Use of public money must be disclosed

Any leader or govt official who uses any public money must publish its full details on their official website. For Example if a development officer has spent Rs 5 crores to build a village school, hospital or road , he/she must make a full disclosure of the money spent, so that people can see it.

Chase the money..

• Investigate excessive riches• Require those who may receive bribes to• Declare: require a declaration of assets

– Then we need to verify: but how? (costly process)– Use ‘spot checks’ – Punish through courts those ‘caught’– Often an effective deterrent

OR• Publish: let public see declarations

– Then press / media will ‘verify’!

Give warnings..A Second Chance..

• Warn for first and not-too-large corrupt offences don’t prosecute. Cost effective!

– saves costs and time of courts

– evidence that many staff then go straight

– and work as loyal members of team

• Avoid prosecution where possible!

– It costs much money

– It uses vast resources

– It causes delays

– The results are not guaranteed

– But should not be misused by the bribe givers & takers..so, adequate proportion of warning is necessary.

Speed courtFast & Furious…!

• Use courts only if conviction virtually certain

• This may mean dropping old cases

– But try to avoid statutes of compulsory time limitation

• If possible have priority allowed for some new cases as best way to get fast and fair justice

• That may deter people more than expecting trial ten years from now

• and concentrate resources more on present investigations than trying to retrieve ‘dead’ evidence

Raise your voice against corruption..

‘Don’t be Barfi..!

Proper use of social media for awarenessJaago Re..!

Proper use of print media ( newspaper, magazine etc. ) & electronic media ( news channels, facebook, internet etc. for corruption awareness.

Be Determined..Lage Raho Munnabhai..!

• The acid test … is not so much in the measures that have been formulated, but the sincerity and determination in enforcing them.(Chinese proverb, quoted by Chua Cher Yak, (then) Director of the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, Singapore)

• Success depends on us doing the job well more than on our choice of strategies, systems, tools…

• We need to know the ‘broader picture’, have clear objectives, choose priorities, keep simple, select and change targets ..

We will try to contain the Corruption..

Jab tak hai Jaan..!Yes, we will.

Through sustained efforts.

Through transparency and accountability.

Through dedication and complete honesty.

Through education, media and technology.

Through faith, conviction and morality..

Jab tak hai jaan , Jab tak hai jaan , Jab tak hai jaan…!

THANK YOU..