remote sensing. vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope...

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Page 1: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

Remote Sensing

Page 2: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes (IPCC, 2001)

Page 3: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

The goal of vulnerability assessment:

“is not to produce a score or rating of a particular community’s current or future vulnerability. Rather, the aim is to attain information on the nature of vulnerability and its components and determinates.”

(Smit and Wandel, 2006)

Page 4: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

Exposure

Sensitivity

Adaptive capacity

Vulnerability

Adaptation

Change in mean annual temperatureChange in annual variance of temperatureChange in days of heat stressChange in days of cold stressChange in mean annual rainfallChange in mean annual soil moisture

ElevationLand coverVegetation cover Population density

% educated population% employedPer capita community service

Page 5: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

Analysis of change- PNG

Page 6: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

1:4000 Stereo aerial photograph

1m spatial resolution laser scanner

1 m spatial resolution (bands 14,9,1 in RGB)

Page 7: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

Aerial photographs-small area coverage-narrow spectral range (visible)-analogue-tilt, relief displacement errors (need to correct)

Satellite images-large area coverage-broader spectral range-minimal tilt distortion-digital

Page 8: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

Two main remote sensing systems

Passive – reflectance measurements

Active – transmit em radiation at specific wavelength and sample what is reflected back

MODIS – Moderate Resolution Imaging SensorSince 199936 spectral bandsResolution 1km, 500 m, 250 mImage swath 2330 km1-2 day repeat cycle

Landsat1972-1982 Landsat 1,2,31984 Landsat 4,5 (6 failed)1999 landsat 7

7 spectral bands1(blue), 2(green), 3(red)4(NIR), 5(SWIR), 6(thermal)7(SWIR)

Page 9: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

Multi-band scanning

Spectral resolution (number of bands and bandwidth)

Radiometric resolution (level of quantization of reflectance values)

Page 10: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

SPOT VEGETATION Scale

Page 11: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

What remote sensing?

• SPECTERRA: Airborne Digital Multi-Spectral Imagery

• SPOT VEGETATION

• SPOT HVIR (hi-res)

• Landsat TM

• Canopy photography

Page 12: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

What Scale?

• DMSI: 0.5m

• SPOT HVIR (hi-res): 10m

• Landsat TM: 25m

• SPOT VEGETATION: 1000m

• Canopy photography: Camera dependent

Page 13: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

DMSI Scale 0.5m

Page 14: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

Landsat Scale

25m

Page 15: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

The Yalgorup Dataset

• Quality DMSI in 2007, 2008 and 2010

• Canopy assessments in 2008

• Pixel matched & with bidirectional reflectance distribution function (SPECTERRA)

• “Like value” linear based callibration of yearly scenes as per CSIRO’s Firby and Campbell method (i.e. same as Landmonitor)

• Scaled and cropped to normalised range 12BIT to 8BIT for Grey Level Covariance Matrix and Vegetation indices

Page 16: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including

The Yalgorup dataset cont…

• Correlation of field data and in-canopy indices based (USDA canopy assessments by Paul Barber)

• Modelling of best correlating indices across 12 trees, then all 80 trees in site

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