remote sensing in support of nacp jeffrey g. masek biospheric sciences, nasa gsfc january 23, 2007
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction: Remote Sensing in the NACP
Progress: Current activities and successes
Gaps: What’s missing
Outline
Reconcile (?)
Atmospheric Transport Models
CMDL OCO Aircraft
Land-Atmos C Flux
Atmospheric(top down)
BGC / Carbon Accounting Models
Land-Atmos C Flux
Satellite, Ecology, Inventory Data
FluxNet
ProcessStudies
Process(bottom up)
Land-Atmos C FluxCal/ValProcess Formulation
Top Down / Bottom Up
CenturyDecadalAnnualHourly MonthlyStress, LUE physiology
Atmospheric CO2 transport
CO2, CH4 sampling(OCO, A/C)
Climate & Biophysics: VI, fPAR, LAI, PhytoplanktonTsurf, Freeze/thaw(MODIS, Seawifs, AVHRR…)
Disturbance/ Land Use Change(Landsat)
Biomass/Carbon Stocks (MODIS, SAR, GLAS)
Ecosystem Disturbance
Interannual climate
Forest recovery
Biome migration
Flux tower observations
NPP, NEP diagnostic modeling
NPP, NEP prognostic modeling
Timescales of NACP
Progress to Date
5-10 years of EOS products, 26+ years of AVHRR, 35 years of Landsat data available
New products to support continental BGC modeling * Disturbance (Landast/MODIS; Goward, Masek, Townsend) * Freeze-thaw dynamics (SeaWinds; McDonald) * Northern Wetlands (JERS, Moghaddam) * Biomass (JERS, MODIS, GLAS; Saatchi, Kellendorfer) * Crop Type (AWIFS; NASS) * Fire Emissions (Giglio) * Photosynthetically Active Radiation (MODIS, Liang)
MODIS standard products becoming easier to use * ACCESS gap-filling, smoothing (Morisette) * DC-MAST (Cook)
“Remote Sensing in NACP” Workshop, UMT, Aug 2004
1 2 3 4 5 6http://landweb.nascom.nasa.gov:8080/access.html
Smoothed LAI(April 6, 2004)
MODIS4 NACP
PI: Jeff Morisette, NASA GSFC
Orig. MODIS LAI(black = missing)(April 6, 2004)
Providing value-added MODIS data product to NACP investigators, including:
- Reprojecting- Reformatting- Subsetting - Mosaicing- Stacking data through time- Updates for Collection 5 when available - Gap filling in both space and time
Poster B.37 provides an update for this project
Average of 49 1 km pixels
Center pixel with Flux TowerWalker Branch Watershed
MOD15A2 TIMESAT Smoothed
Integration with ORNL DAAC visualization
From http://www.daac.ornl.gov/MODIS/modis.html
0 >2.0
%disturbed / yr
Forest Disturbance
LEDAPS Project PI: Jeff Masek (NASA GSFC)
NACP Data CubesPI: Samuel Goward (UMD)
Landsat-based records of North American forest disturbance
Wasco
Clackamas
Marion
0 2 4 6 81Miles
Year disturbed
non-forest
undisturbed forest
pre-1987
1987
1988
1989
1991
1993
1995
1996
1998
1999
2001
2003
2005
Year disturbed
non-forest
undisturbed forest
pre-1987
1987
1988
1989
1991
1993
1995
1996
1998
1999
2001
2003
2005
Landsat mapped forest change between 1987 and 2005 in western Oregon
(Goward/Huang, UMD)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1987 1988 1989 1991 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2001 2003 2005
Year forest disturbed
Per
cen
t ar
ea d
istu
rbed
(%
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Cu
mm
ula
tive
per
cen
t ar
ea
dis
turb
ed (
%)
Percent area disturbed Cummulative percent area disturbed
S. Saatchi (JPL) - Forest Woody Biomass Carbon Estimates of North America from Synergistic Analysis of MODIS, MISR, and JERS Data in Support of the North American Carbon Program
North American Biomass
NACP process studies integrating remote sensing * AVHRR greenness trends (Tucker) * Soil freeze/thaw dynamics (Zhang) * Plant community mapping (Chopping) * Woody encroachment and grazing (Asner) * Boreal fire disturbance and succession (Kasischke) * Photochemistry of coastal DOC (Miller)
…. and many more
Current Activities (cont’d)
New algorithms for biophysical variables * Evapotranspiration (Ustin) * Light-Use Efficiency (Middleton) * Crop GPP (Gitelson) * Coastal pCO2 (Hales)
Average of all MODIS SST and Chl, all Quickscat wind stress magnitude for NA west coast, 0.25° resolution (Burke Hales, OSU)
SST Chl x+y
Remote Sensing Coastal pCO2
Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) * NASA ESSP mission, JPL lead * passive, global column CO2 * 2008 launch
Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) * NASA/USGS mission, GSFC lead * RFP released January 10, 2007 * continues 30m, multispectral heritage * 2011 target launch date ??
Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) * NOAA/NASA/DOD instrument, IPO lead * continues global capabilities of AVHRR, MODIS * will fly aboard NPP and NPOESS missions * 2009 launch (NPP)
New Remote Sensing Missions
What’s Missing?
3. Support for “20-year time series” of measurements* multi-instrument ESDR’s … coordination with NACP?* need for annual Landsat land cover, disturbance, crops* future data continuity (VIIRS, LDCM, etc)
1. Some useful information products for biogeochemical modeling are still missing* Evapotranspiration, LUE (MODIS, Seawifs)* Wetland extent, type, dynamics (SAR, MODIS, Landsat)* Woody encroachment (Landsat, air photo, hyperspectral)* Agricultural crop type (MODIS, Landsat)* Permafrost / Arctic hydrology (SAR, MODIS)* Foliar nitrogen (Hyperion)
2. Bridging the gap between algorithm development and continental products to support models
What’s Missing? (cont’d)
4. Analysis of error propagation – from remote sensing measurements to modeled fluxes * Model intercomparisons at NEP level?
5. Understanding RS-detected trends and patterns in terms of underlying biology
6. Community familiarity with OCO products, and how to use them within NACP context
7. New models that capitalize on the current range of RS products – not just NDVI
Conclusions
Remote Sensing essential for overarching NACP goal of continental carbon fluxes and attribution
Considerable progress since 2004 U. Montana workshop on - data access - product formats and usability - carbon information needs from RS
Need to identify and prioritize the next set of RS activities to support NACP
NACP-Related Datasets for Driving Carbon Calculations
Kevin Gurney (CSU)High-Resolution Fossil Fuel Emission Estimates in Support of NACP CO2 Measurements and Assimilation System
Fossil Fuel Emissions, NOx, SOx
Goward, Samuel (UMD)
North American Forest Distrubance and Regrowth since 1972: Empeirical Assessment with Field Measurements and Satellite Remotely Sensing Observations Forest Disturbance
Jeff Masek (GSFC)A Community-Driven, North American Disturbance Record and Processing System for Land Satellite Data Forest Disturbance
Sassan Saatchi (JPL)
Forest Woody Biomass Carbon Estimates of North America from Synergistic Analysis of MODIS, MISR, and JERS Data in Support of the North American Carbon Program Biomass
Josef Kellendorfer (WHI) The National Biomass and Carbon Dataset 2000 Biomass
Kyle McDonald (JPL)Satellite Monitoring of Landscape Freeze-Thaw State and Associated Constraints to the North American Carbon Budget Freeze-thaw area/timing
Jeff Morisette (GSFC)
Improving Access to Land and Atmosphere science products from Earth Observing Satellites: Helping NACP Investigators Better Utilize MODIS Data Products
Data Preparation, Format, Distribution
James Randerson (CalTech)
Using Satellite and Inverse Techniques to Constrain Regional and Global Fire Emissions from 1997 to 2005: An Approach Based on the Carbon Isotope Ratio of Fire Emissions Biomass burning