remember me, remember us, remember korea: hallyu, flashbacks, and the transformation of south korea...

8/3/2019 Remember Me, Remember Us, Remember Korea: Hallyu, Flashbacks, and the Transformation of South Korea into

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2/27

OHCYLCY_

R~lfkol # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # vee

\#_#*^H@ _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs

_y~kylaeo Knkcihcjlcy4 Kmmekcol ^lmkyehcs ec Ch~yglksy Ksek ec ygl Rhsy*E~k{ L~k

Ikcelm _cleil~# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ;

@h~lks Ihjlsyeo Nksl fh~ Kmmekcol qeyg ygl \ceyli _ykyls

Mll _hh`*Dhca # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # >?

\#_#*^H@ Lohchjeo ^lmkyehcs

Ess|ls ec \#_#*^H@ Lohchjeo ^lmkyehcs

@hth @euhyk kci ^hnl~y _yl~c # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #9;

O|my|~km Ecyla~kyehc Nlyqllc ygl \ceyli _ykyls kci @h~lk4 Mhh`eca Nluhci ygl

F~ll Y~kil Ka~lljlcy

Jh Dhca~uc # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #1 ;2 \#_#@h~lk Kokiljeo _ujrhse|j

E# @h~lk ks ygl Fh~ahyylc- Fh~alyyknml- kci _hjlyejls^ljljnl~li Ckyehc

A~hqeca |r ks k @h~lkc*Kjl~eokc- E qks hfylc ks`li- Qgl~l k~l uh| f~hj8 Yges

{|lsyehc nlokjl k `eci hf sykcik~i mecl ygky hrlcli h~ r|coy|kyli jkcu fe~sy

lcoh|cyl~s# _hjlyejls- ygl fhmmhq*|r ec{|e~u hf K~l uh| Ogeclsl h~ Dkrkclsl8

kmsh lcyl~li ygl ohcvl~skyehc# Hooksehckmmu- ygh|ag chy vl~u hfylc- ygl ie~loy {|lsyehc

K~l uh| @h~lkc8 iei feci |yyl~kcol# Qglc ygl {|lsyehcl~ es ~ljecili hf ygl

lwesylcol hf @h~lk- @h~lk es fh|ci yh nl leygl~ kc |c`chqc lcyeyu h~ hcl ygky gks

nllc fh~ahyylc# Qeygec yges mecl hf {|lsyehceca- @h~lk es lwom|ili- kci ygl ~leaceca

rk~kieaj ygky ohjls es4 Kmqkus Ogeck kci Dkrkc- n|y hcmu shjlyejls- ef lvl~- @h~lk#

Kmygh|ag @h~lkcs gkvl ~ljecili ygl ~lsy hf ygl qh~mi hf ygl lwesylcol hf @h~lk- ey es

ygl amhnkm krrlkm hfgkmmu| ygky es ky ygl vkca|k~i ec r~hjhyeca ygl ~lljl~alcol hf

@h~lk ecyh amhnkm vha|l#Gkmmu|- shjlyejls ~hjkcetli ks gkc~u|- es ilfecli ks ygl

@h~lkc Qkvl# Ygl yl~j kii~lssls ygl ~esl ec amhnkm rhr|mk~eyu- lsrloekmmu ec Ksek-

hf _h|yg @h~lkc o|my|~km r~hi|oys s|og ks Clq @h~lkc Oecljk- @*rhr '@h~lkc

rhr|mk~ j|seo%- @h~lkc ylmlvesehc jlmhi~kjks- @h~lkc ohjr|yl~ akjls- kci @h~lkc

clq jliek# Yges ~esl ec _h|yg @h~lks shfy rhql~ o~lkyls k clq fkoyh~ ec jlks|~eca

shoehlohchjeo s|oolssA~hss Ckyehckm Ohhm# Yges ogkcal ec @h~lks syky|s f~hj k

fh~ahyylc ckyehc yh kc |cfh~alyyknml ckyehc es lckoyli chy nu gk~i rhql~ n|y ~kygl~ nu

shfy rhql~# Ckjlmu- ey es ygl amhnkm s|oolss hfgkmmu| ks k o|my|~km rglchjlchc ygky

y~kcsfh~js qgky qks hcol d|sy k @h~lk*olcy~eo lvlcy ecyh k amhnkm vlcy|~l# Ec sgh~y-gkmmu| jk`ls ygl mhca*ilmkuli @h~lkcetkyehc hf qh~mi o|my|~l rhssenml# \cil~ yges

f~kjlqh~`- @h~lks clq rmkol ec ygl s|c; chq rhseyehcs ygl oh|cy~u ks kc kyy~koyevl-

koyevl- o~lkyevl- kci ecveyli rmkul~# Yh nl y~|mu ohsjhrhmeykc kci ec y|cl qeyg ygl

tleyalesy- hcl okcchy glmr n|y nl jk~`li nu ygl r~lslcy o|my|~km iuckjesj kci srk~`

hf @h~lks oecljk- ylmlvesehc- j|seo- ohjr|yl~ akjls- kci clq jliek#

Ec sreyl hf @h~lks ejkal ks ygl Gl~jey @ecaihj- eys mkrsl ecyh amhnkm hnso|~eyuygl

jljh~u mejnh hf ygl fh~ahyylc h~ ygl fh~alyyknmles k ~lolcy rglchjlchc ~kygl~

ygkc eys ecgl~lcy sykyl hf kffke~s# Qeygec ygl _echolcy~eo qh~mi h~il~ hf ygl Lksy nlfh~lohcykoy qeyg ygl Qlsy- @h~lk glmi kc ghch~li rhseyehc ks ygl eilkm meyyml lygceo n~hygl~

yh Ogecks s|oolssevl iucksyels# Nlok|sl @h~lkcs ql~l chy lygceokmmu Gkc Ogeclsl-

ql @h~lkcs syhhi ks kc Hygl~- ks hcl hf jkcu chclygceo Gkc Ogeclsl nk~nk~ekcs#

Clvl~yglmlss- ec ygl oh|~sl hf yejl- @h~lks f|mm kihryehc kci lvlc mhokm ejr~hvljlcys

hf Gkc Ogeclsl o|my|~l lmlvkyli @h~lkcs ecyh ygl ~lkmj hf ghch~knml oevemetli

nk~nk~ekcs# Ey es yg|s chy k s|~r~esl ygky @h~lkcs glmi ygl yhr slky hf ghch~ kjhca ygl

;# Ygl rg~ksl @h~lks rmkol ec ygl s|c es k ie~loy ~lfl~lcol yh N~|ol O|jecass '>22


5/27

Yhqk~is _|sykecknml Lohchjeo & _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs ec Lksy Ksek4 \#_# & ^H@ Rhmeou Hryehcs >;;

a~h|r hf lcmeagylcli nk~nk~ekcs# Ygl fkoy ygky @h~lk iei chy sll` yh ohc{|l~ Ogeck

kmsh jkil @h~lk kc eilkm fkvh~li ckyehc qeygec ygl _echolcy~eo |cevl~sl# Ec sgh~y-

@h~lk glmi k r~hjeclcy rhseyehc ilsreyl eys rl~ergl~km alhrhmeyeokm mhokyehc kci iejec|yevl

setl ohjrk~li qeyg ygl Jeiiml @ecaihj# Ec sreyl hf eys ceo`ckjl ks ygl Gl~jey

@ecaihj- @h~lk qks k ckyehc qh~ygu hf ~ljljn~kcol hf ygl fe~sy ~kc`#

\cfh~y|ckylmu- ygl Kal hf Ejrl~ekmesj n~h|agy qeyg ey k ~lclqli jk~aeckmetkyehc hf

@h~lk kci ~lmlakyli @h~lk ecyh k illrl~ mejnh hf ygl fh~alyyknml kci ygl fh~ahyylc#

Ks k rlcecs|mk~ lcyeyu- @h~lk es s|~~h|cili hc yg~ll seils nu lwrkcsehcesy cleagnh~s4

Ogeck- ^|ssek- kci Dkrkc# Fh~ kcu oh|cy~u- gkveca hcl s|og cleagnh~ qh|mi nl k

glkikogl0 yh gkvl kmm yg~ll es ik|cyecamu y~h|nmeca# Me`l kc kmmluqku ok|agy ec ygl

sgkihq yglsl yg~ll oh|cy~els oksy hvl~ ygl rlcecs|mk- @h~lk chy s|~r~esecamu nlokjl

kc hnso|~l ckyehc ec ygl jhil~c l~k# Qgeml ygl mkci hf ygl jh~ceca okmj iemealcymu

krrmelir|cas| 'flca sg|e- Ogeclsl alhjkcou% yh lcgkcol ygl ckyehcs gk~jhceh|s

rhseyehc qeygec ygl |cevl~sl kci r~hjhyli ygl |cevl~skm jksyl~u hf jh~km slmf*liefeokyehc-

ygl @h~lkc rlcecs|mk qks kcuygeca n|y y~kc{|em#

Ec Lksy Ksek- ygl ok~veca |r hf Ogeck qks ygl neaalsy r~etl# Dkrkc ecsyeakyli k sy~kylaeo

jhil~cetkyehc kci Qlsyl~cetkyehc okjrkeac ygky y~kcsfh~jli fl|ikm Dkrkc ecyh ygl

hcmu chc*Ok|oksekc ejrl~ekm rhql~ ygky kaa~lssevlmu sh|agy yh slo|~l eys hqc smeol hf

ljre~l ec ygl ~lkmmhokyehc hf ygl amhnl# Nu jlkcs hf smu- ohl~oevl- kci j|~il~h|s

iermhjkyeo jkcer|mkyehcs- Jlede Dkrkc koy|kmetli Geiluhsges fkemli jemeyk~u ohc{|lsys

hf @h~lk# Qeyg k chi f~hj ygl hygl~ ejrl~ekm rhql~s- Dkrkc kcclwli @h~lk# Yg|s-f~hj ;5;2 yh ;59


6/27

> ;> \#_#@h~lk Kokiljeo _ujrhse|j

Ks ilvksykyeca ks ey qks- ygl \ceyli _ykyls ~ljljnl~s ygl yg~ll ulk~s hf ygl @h~lkc

Qk~ ks ygl fh~ahyylc qk~# _ykmljkyl nko` kmhca ygl ?7yg rk~kmmlm qeyg k veoeh|s qk~

hf kyy~eyehc lcili ygl r~h|i \#_# jemeyk~u gl~eykal hf iloesevl veoyh~u hvl~ eys fhls#

Ilsreyl eys syky|s ks ygl c|jnl~ hcl c|omlk~ s|rl~rhql~- ygl \ceyli _ykyls oh|mi chy

glmr ec ygl |cefeokyehc hf k iljho~kyeo rlcecs|mk qeygh|y ygl i~lkili rhssenemeyu hf

lcmk~aeca ygl mhokm ohcfmeoy ecyh k amhnkm hcl# \cil~ yglsl r~hsrloys- k olksl*fe~l qks

illjli r~lfl~knml- kci ygl fh~jkm o~lkyehc hf ygl ieveili @h~lks nlokjl fkoy ec

;5


7/27

Yhqk~is _|sykecknml Lohchjeo & _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs ec Lksy Ksek4 \#_# & ^H@ Rhmeou Hryehcs >;?

rlcecs|mk- ygl~l es syemm k ol~ykec ila~ll hf ohcyec|li ecyl~ckyehckm hnso|~eyu ves**ves

ygl r|nmeo ygky llrs @h~lk ec ygl ~lkmj hf ygl chy ~ljljnl~li# Ckyehckm lffh~ys yh

slo|~l ygl ecyl~ckyehckm srhymeagy- s|og ks ygl ;577 _|jjl~ Hmujreos ec _lh|m kci

@h~lks fh|~yg*rmkol fecesg ec ygl >22> Qh~mi O|r- ql~l mejeyli ec sohrl fh~ yglu

ql~l secaml lvlcys ygky ih chy gkvl k r~hmhcali- s|sykecknml lffloy# Lvlc ygl {|eo`

~lohvl~u f~hj ygl Ecyl~ckyehckm Jhclyk~u F|ci 'EJF% o~eses hf ;55155 iei chy ak~cl~

ks jkcu glkimecls ks ygl o~eses eyslmf# Yglsl lvlcys jk~` k sgefy f~hj ygl fh~ahyylc yh

ygl yljrh~k~emu ~ljljnl~li# _yemm- chcl hf yglj gki ygl rhylcyekm yh s|sykec @h~lks

ecyl~ckyehckm k|~k fh~ k r~hmhcali rl~ehi hf yejl#9

Ygl gkmmu| rglchjlchc seacefels kc lci yh @h~lks ecyl~ckyehckm ecvesenemeyu# Gl~l-

ygl ik~` kmmlu hf ygl @h~lkc rlcecs|mk hnso|~li nu ygl sgkihqs oksy nu Ogeck- |ssek-

Dkrkc- kci Ch~yg @h~lk gk~nh~li ygl rghlcew hf k iuckjeo o|my|~l ygky- qeyg ygl ~esl

hf eys lohchjeo syky|~l- qlmohjls ygl qh~mi ec rk~yk`eca ec eys o|my|~km rmlks|~ls#

Qgeml ygl rhr|mkyehc hf lygceo @h~lkcs jku nl sjkmm- ygl c|jnl~ hf o|my|~km @h~lkcs

es mejeymlss# Yges @h~lkcetkyehc hf amhnkm o|my|~l es qgky gkmmu| slys ec jhyehc#

EE# YeykceoOhc{|l~s ygl Qh~mi- _ge~eOhc{|l~s Yeykceo

Yeykceo- Dkjls Okjl~hcs ;551 amhnkm nmho`n|syl~ femj- ohc{|l~li lvl~u ckyehcs

nhw*hffeol ~loh~i fh~ femj kyylcikcol ygl ulk~ ey oe~o|jckveakyli ygl qh~mi- nlohjeca

ygl |cqlmohjl eolnl~a ygky skc` ckyehckm femj jk~`lys# Ch ckyehckm oecljk oh|miohjrlyl# _h|yg @h~lk qks ch lwolryehc# Ygl ulk~ Yeykceo qks ~lmlksli ec _h|yg

@h~lk;557ygl kyylcikcol fea|~l fh~ ygl femj ec _lh|m ~lkogli kc kmm*yejl geag hf

;-51;-172 ks ey rmkuli hc 91 so~llcs fh~ k yhykm hf >-25? ikus '@HFEO >222- >69%#

_h|yg @h~lks yhr ihjlsyeo nhw*hffeol gey oh|mi chy ohjrlyl qeyg Yeykceo# Ec _lh|m-

@ej Uhh*decsK R~hjesl slo|~li kyylcikcol yhykmeca d|sy 66;-;19 qgeml ey rmkuli hc

222- >6?%# Ygl ckyehckm

kyylcikcol fea|~l es lsyejkyli ky 6->22-222 'Rk{|ly ;555%# @kca Dl*au| qks ilyl~jecli

yh okrykec k _h|yg @h~lkc nmho`n|syl~ femj l{|km yh- ef chy nlyyl~ ygkc- ygl Ghmmuqhhi

9# _lo~lyk~u*Alcl~km Nkc @e*jhhcs ylc|~l ky ygl \ceyli Ckyehcs- ghqlvl~- gks r~hveili k vl~u vesenml-ecyl~ckyehckm- kci rl~shckm k|~k yh _h|yg @h~lks ~lclqli r~hjeclcol#


8/27

> ;9 \#_#@h~lk Kokiljeo _ujrhse|j

mlvekygkc# Yh ih yges- gl ge~li k c|jnl~ hf Ghmmuqhhi srloekm lffloys lwrl~ys yh qh~`

hc ges femj# Yges ylogceokm kssesykcol- ohjnecli qeyg kc K~jkaliihc koyehc solck~eh

srloefeo yh ygl lvl~*r~lslcy rhssenemeyu hf k slohci Ch~yg @h~lkc ecvksehc- o~lkyli k

ckyehckm slcskyehc# Ey qks k ckyehcqeil oecl*jkcek ygky syk~ymli chy d|sy _h|yg @h~lks

femj eci|sy~u n|y ygl lcye~l amhnkm femj eci|sy~u- Ghmmuqhhi ecom|ili#

Ygl oksl hf_ge~eoh|mi lksemu nl iesjessli ks kc knl~~kyehc# Ghqlvl~-_ge~e ~lr~lslcys

k s|sykecli clh*alclses hf _h|yg @h~lkc oecljk# F~hj ;555 yh >226- _h|yg @h~lkc

femjs gkvl ~lykecli ygl c|jnl~ hcl nhw*hffeol srhy ec _h|yg @h~lk fh~ leagy h|y hf

leagy ulk~s#22; qeyg F~elci- ec >229 qeyg Ykla|`ae- kci ec >226

qeyg Ygl Ghsy#

Ygl _h|yg @h~lkc femj eci|sy~u gks kmsh ihcl ~ljk~`knmu qlmm ec ~lakececa eys ihjlsyeo

jk~`ly sgk~l# R~eh~ yh _ge~es s|oolss ec ;555- @h~lkc femjs secol ;55; kooh|cyli

fh~ hcmu hcl*{|k~yl~ hf ygl jk~`ly sgk~l ky nlsy# Kfyl~ ;555- yges rl~olcykal sylkiemu

eco~lksli yh ~lkog k jkdh~eyu sgk~l ec >229 qeyg rl~olcy hf ygl jk~`ly#6 _ecol

yglc- ygl @h~lkc femj eci|sy~u gks ~lykecli jkdh~eyu syk`ls ec ygl ihjlsyeo nhw hffeol

|r |cyem >226- qeyg sy~hca ecieokyehc ygky >221 qemm ohcyec|l yges y~lci#

Qeyg kyylcikcol fea|~ls kci k jk~`ly sgk~l s|og ks yges- _h|yg @h~lks s|sykecli

ihjlsyeo nhw*hffeol r~lljeclcol nlokjl ygl ykm` hf ygl yhqc kci ohcfh|cili

Ghmmuqhhi lwlo|yevls qgh oh|mi chy |cil~sykci ygl ghq kci ygl qgu hf yges @h~lkc

lwolryehc#

Hygl~ lwolryehcs- Eciek kci Ogeck kmhca qeyg r~l*;551 Ghca @hca- gkvl kogelvli

mhcal~ jksyl~u hf ygle~ ihjlsyeo so~llcs# Gecie oecljks shca kci ikcol*ecf|sli

jkskmk femjs ohcsesylcymu r~hveil k rkc*Eciekc ~ksk klsyglyeo slcsenemeyu ygky esljn~koli nu Ecieks j|myelygceo- j|mye~lmeaeh|s- kci j|myemeca|km rhr|mkyehc# Fh~ Ogeck-

eys ejrh~y {|hyk hc fh~leac femjs sglmyl~s eys ihjlsyeo oecljk qeyg k |ce{|l sly hf

222 kci >22>2< k~l jesseca kcuqgl~l f~hj hcl yh yg~ll jhcygs hf ikyk ky ygl lcis hf lkog ulk~#

6# Ks qks ygl oksl qeyg ygl nhw*hffeol fea|~ls ec yknml ;- yglsl @HFEO ikyk ih chy ~lfmloy ohjrmlyl fea|~lsfh~ lkog okmlcik~ ulk~# Ikyk f~hj >222 kci >22>2< k~l jesseca kcuqgl~l f~hj hcl yh yg~ll jhcygs hfikyk ky ygl lcis hf lkog ulk~#


9/27

Yhqk~is _|sykecknml Lohchjeo & _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs ec Lksy Ksek4 \#_# & ^H@ Rhmeou Hryehcs >;226

Ulk~ ^kc` Yhr _h|yg Ch# hf yeo`lys ^kc` Yhr Fh~leac Ch# hf yeo`lys

@h~lkc shmi ec _lh|m 'Ghmmuqhhi% shmi ec _lh|m

femj femj

>226k ; Ygl Ghsy ?-

>22-9>9-597 < Ygl Esmkci ;->7229o ; Ykla|`ae ?--1>< ^lmhkili ;-22>l ; Ygl Qku Ghjl ;- Jech~eyu^lrh~y ;-922-926

>22; ; F~elci >-22

>222f ; Dhecy _lo|~eyu > Amkiekyh~ ;->?5-5-991-;??

;555 ; _ge~e >-997-?55 > Ygl J|jju ;-;;9-5;6

;557 9 K R~hjesl 66;-;19 ; Yeykceo ;-51;-172

;551 9 Ygl Ohcykoy 619-5?? ; Ygl MhsyQh~mi ;-22;->15

;556 ? Yqh Ohrs > 6?6-291 ; EcilrlcilcolIku 5>?->>?

;55< ;2 I~# Nhca ?16-99? ; Iel Gk~i ? 515-666

;559 9 Yqh Ohrs 762-9?? ; Mehc @eca 5>2-597

_h|~ols4 Fh~ >226- @HFEO '>221- ;26%0 fh~ >22229- >59%0fh~ >22?- @HFEO '>22?- ?;6%0 fh~ >22> kci >22;- @HFEO '>22>- >;6;1%0 fh~ >222- @HFEO '>22;->>5%0 fh~ ;555 kci ;557- @HFEO '>222- >6?69%0 fh~ ;551- ;556- ;5522>#f Ikyk f~hj Dkc|k~u yh ygl yge~i qll` hf Hoyhnl~ >22;#


10/27


H|yseil hf Ghmmuqhhi- hygl~ ckyehckm femj eci|sy~els gkvl sh|agy yh mlk~c ygl slo~lys

nlgeci ygl @h~lkc oecljkyeo s|oolss syh~u ec h~il~ yh ~lrmeokyl ey kci ygl~lnu ~lakec

s|r~ljkou hvl~ ygle~ mhsy ihjlsyeo femj jk~`lys# Yges clq ~lckesskcol hf ygl _h|yg

@h~lkc femj eci|sy~u es okmmli Clq @h~lkc Oecljk# Ey es ygl oecljkyeo ohjrhclcy hfgkmmu|# Clq @h~lkc Oecljk gks ec lffloy nlohjl ygl mkylsy oecljkyeo n|seclss

jhilm ygky Ghmmuqhhi sll`s yh |cil~jecl kci kmm hygl~secom|ieca Eciek kci Ogeck

sll` yh lj|mkyl#

Ygl~l es ch ih|ny ygky _ge~e s|oolssf|mmu shmeoeyli ckyehckmesy fh~ols qeyg eys jk~`lyeca

sy~kylau# Ygl femj qks ~lmlksli kfyl~ ygl hcsly hf ygl EJF*ohh~ieckyli r~ha~kj# Hcl

hf ygl ihjlsyeo lffh~ys yh ~lsyh~l ygl ckyehckm lohchju {|eo`mu qks k n|u @h~lkc

okjrkeac# Ygl kooh|cy nu @ej _|ca*`u|ca '>226% hf ygl s|oolss hf _h|yg @h~lkc

nmho`n|syl~ femjs s|og ks _ge~egeagmeagys yges ejrh~ykcy fkoy kmhca qeyg ygl gun~eietkyehchf ygl \#_# nmho`n|syl~ fh~jky qeyg mhokm @h~lkc flky|~ls yh o~lkyl k amhokm

Yknml >4 Jk~`ly _gk~l hf @h~lkc Femjs ks k Rl~olcykal hf _h|yg @h~lks

Ihjlsyeo Nhw Hffeol- nksli hc _lh|m kijessehcs- kmm so~llcecas-

;55;>226

Ulk~ Jk~`ly sgk~l ',%

>226 62#?

>22< 22? 95#6

>22> 922; 96#;

>222 ?>#2

;555 ?6#;

;557 >?#;

;55< >2#5

;559 >2#

_h|~ols4 Fh~ >22< kci >226- @HFEO '>221- ;29%0 kcc|km ikyk fh~ >22229- @HFEO '>22


11/27


@h~lkcetli Ghmmuqhhi r~hi|oy ygky qks fh|ci yh nl ejjlcslmu krrlkmeca- lsrloekmmu

yh ygl mk~al~ Ksekc jk~`ly# _yemm- ygl ck~~kyevl ohcylcy hf_ge~e- qgeml ey qks @h~lk

srloefeo- hffl~li k ~kieokm sgefy ec ygl eilhmhaeokm ~lr~lslcykyehc hf ygl Ch~yg @h~lkc

Hygl~ kci ygl o|my|~km rhssenemeyels hf k @h~lk nluhci ygl ieveili rlcecs|mk#

_ecol ;5


12/27


@h~lkc ec h~il~ yh gkvl k ogkcol yh me`l yglj ec ygl fe~sy rmkol# Ec hygl~ qh~is-

@h~lkc jlmhi~kjks qh|mi chy sykci k ogkcol ec ygl ecyl~ckyehckm k~lck# Ilsreyl

yglsl o~eyeokm iesjesskms hf ygl jlmhi~kjkyeo oh~l hf @h~lkc oecljk- jlmhi~kjk es ec

ygl fh~la~h|ci ec _ge~e#

Ygl ieveili rlcecs|mk eyslmf es k y~kaeo jlmhi~kjk# Yges alhrhmeyeokm y~kaliu es

rl~shckmetli ec k i|km*fho|s ck~~kyevl olcyl~li hc û|- ygl yhr _h|yg @h~lkc

oh|cyl~ecs|~alcou kalcy hf H#R#1 Ygl fe~sy ecvhmvls kc koyehc sghqihqc nlyqllc

û| kci Rk~`- ygl ohjjkcil~ hf Ch~yg @h~lks yhr Leagyg _rloekm Fh~ols |cey# Ygl

slohci ecvhmvls ygl glyl~hslw|km ~hjkcol nlyqllc û| kci Gll- kc |cil~ohvl~

Ch~yg @h~lkc scerl~ qghsl _h|yg @h~lkc kmeks es Gu|c- k rly*fesg jl~ogkcy# Ygl

fe~sy ~lmkyehcsger es k alc~l hnmeakyehc nlok|sl ey r~lslcys kc hvl~y neck~u ievesehc hf

r~hykahcesy kci kcykahcesy# Ks k _h|yg @h~lkc femj- ygl~l es meyyml ih|ny ks yh qgeog

seil ~lr~lslcys ~eagylh|sclssygl H#R# hrl~kyevls hf _h|yg @h~lk# Yges es qgl~l

ygl lwrloyli jh~km kci eilhmhaeokm omk~eyu lcis- ghqlvl~- kci qgl~l ygl |clwrloyli

jh~km kci eilhmhaeokm kjnea|eyu nlaecs# Yges hoo|~s nlok|sl ygl fh~jl~mu iljhcetli

Ch~yg @h~lkcs k~l g|jkcetli# Yges es k olcy~km okylah~eokm ogkcal ygky y~kcsfh~js

_ge~e f~hj k nkseo ohjjl~oekm lsokresy femj ecyh kc k~yesyeo slmf*~lfmlwevl femj# Yges

ielalyeo jlykjh~rghses hoo|~s qglc ygl H#R# ylkj jljnl~s ohcf~hcy ygle~ Ch~yg

@h~lkc oh|cyl~rk~ys ec ygl sykie|js rhql~ jkckaljlcy ohcy~hm ~hhj# Ec _ge~e- ec k

Jlweokc sykcihff- Rk~` vhokmetls ygl Ch~yg @h~lkc rl~srloyevl hf d|syefeknml gky~li

hf ygle~ _h|ygl~c n~lyg~lc4

H|~ ghrl es ~l|cefeokyehc# Ql i~lkj knh|y ey# Qglc uh| seca yges shca

h|~ rlhrml ec ygl Ch~yg k~l iueca hc ygl sy~lly# Yglu nk~lmu jkckal yh

mevl qeyg ~hhys kci nk~`s# H|~ shcs kci ik|agyl~s k~l nleca shmi hff fh~

f|oèca ;22 ihmmk~s+ Gkvl uh| lvl~ sllc rk~lcys lkyeca ygl fmlsg hf ygle~

ilki eis8 Qeyg ogllsl- Oh`l kci gkjn|~al~s uh| qh|micy chq# K

shool~ akjl yh |ceyl ygl ckyehcs8 Eys n|mmsgey# Qlvl gki lch|ag qeyg

ygl


13/27


mkus nk~l ygl eilhmhaeokm vko||j |cil~ qgeog nhyg seils hf ygl ieveili @h~lks vkmh~etl

ygljslmvls kci iljhcetl ygl hygl~ seil#

@kca ih|nmls ges eilhmhaeokm o~eye{|l hf ygl ilg|jkceteca cky|~l hf ygl ieveili @h~lks

hcyh ygl rl~shckm ~lkmj yg~h|ag ygl glyl~hslw|km ~hjkcol nlyqllc û| kci Gll# Ks

kc |cil~ohvl~ Ch~yg @h~lkc ksskssec- Gll gks jkckali yh ~ljkec r~hflssehckmmu

koyevl nu ohcsykcymu ogkcaeca gl~ eilcyeyu- ecom|ieca fkoekm rmksyeo s|~al~u# Ygl hcmu

om|l yh gl~ ohcyec|li lwesylcol es gl~ ksskssecs y~kiljk~` seacky|~lk n|mmly mhiali

nlyqllc ygl yge~i kci fh|~yg vl~yln~kl hf gl~ veoyejs rm|s kchygl~ n|mmly rlcly~kyeca

ygl ~eagy kci mlfy ky~e|j# Hcl n|mmly kmhcl es lch|ag# Nhyg n|mmlys nlohjl n~kv|~k#

F|~ygl~jh~l- Gll kmsh kmmhqs u| yh sli|ol gl~# Yges jk`ls ey ohcvlcelcy fh~ gl~ yh

gkvl ygl fesg ygky sgl slmms ec gl~ syh~l rmkoli ec c|jl~h|s k{|k~e|j ykc`s yg~h|agh|y

H#R#s glki{|k~yl~s# Yglsl fesg k~l ejrmkcyli qeyg jeceky|~l jeo~hrghcls ygky kmmhq

ygl Ch~yg @h~lkc hrl~kyevls yh kmqkus ~ljkec hcl sylr kglki hf H#R# Ec sreyl hf yges-

qgky nlakc ks d|sy n|seclss nlohjls kc |cr~hflssehckm meknemeyu qglc Gll nlohjls

û|s lwrloykcy fekcol# Yges ~hjkcyeo l~ks|~l hf ygl ieveili @h~lks es kc eilhmhaeokmmu

fh~neiilc ~hjkcol nlok|sl ey ecvhmvls fkmmeca ec mhvl qeyg hcls qh~sy sykyl lclju#

Yges ~hjkcyeo rke~eca kmsh rmkus qeyg ygl fhm`mh~eo @h~lkc skueca ygky ygl eilkm

glyl~hslw|km oh|rml ecvhmvls k o|myevkyli jkc f~hj _lh|m kci k nlk|yef|m qhjkc

f~hj Ruhcaukca#

Qeygec ygl mhaeo hf sykyl lsrehckal- smllreca qeyg hcls lclju es sh|ci jemeyk~u sy~kylau-

n|y alyyeca ejr~lackyli es chy# Ygl fly|s ygky Gll ok~~els gks ygl rhylcyekm yh gk~nh~ygl ne~yg hf k clq @h~lkkc hffsr~eca qgh qh|mi nl ygl jhsy k|yglcyeo @h~lkc

nlok|sl hf gkveca rk~lcys f~hj nhyg seils hf ygl ?7yg rk~kmmlm# Glls r~lackcou es chy

~lvlkmli |cyem kfyl~ ygl sykie|j ohcf~hcykyehc es hvl~- qeyg u| fh~oli yh sghhy Gll ks

yglu nhyg rl~fh~j ygle~ r~hflssehckm i|yels yh ygle~ ~lsrloyevl sykyls4 û| lcis ygl

Ch~yg @h~lkc kssksseckyehc kyyljrys kci Gll ~kesls gl~ scerl~ ~efml yh rl~fh~j ygl

kssksseckyehc# Ygl skflyu hf ygl ieveili @h~lks es slo|~li nu sko~efeoeca ygl rhssenemeyu

hf k chcieveili @h~lk ks û| chqecamu emms ges f|y|~l qefl n|y kmsh |c`chqecamu

èmms ygle~ |cnh~c ogemi#

Ks ygl jkec r~hykahcesy- u| es k fh~jeiknml sykyl gl~h qgh ~lso|ls _h|yg @h~lk kci

lckoys ~lvlcal fh~ ygl j|~il~ hf ges rk~ycl~- n|y sej|mykclh|smu ilg|jkcetls gejslmf

nu lcieca ygl mefl hf ges fekcol kci |cnh~c ogemi# Ey es k Ru~~geo veoyh~u ygky ~lvlkms

ygl lwy~ljl jlkcs nu qgeog @h~lkcs gkvl yh koy ks leygl~ Ch~yg @h~lkcs h~ _h|yg

@h~lkc n|y clvl~ d|sy ks @h~lkcs# Ygl krhokmuryeo solck~eh es ygky ygl ieveili @h~lks

nlohjl ygl ch~j- chy k yljrh~k~u gesyh~eokm knl~~kyehc# Ec yges jkccl~- ygl omlk~*o|y-

y~e|jrgkcy- gkrru lciecas hf Clq Ghmmuqhhis koyehc femj sl~els s|og ks _yk~ Qk~s-

Ygl Yl~jeckyh~- kci Ygl Mh~i hf ygl êcas k~l ~lmlakyli yh ygl ~lkmj hf lsokresy

fkcyksu#


14/27

> >2 \#_#@h~lk Kokiljeo _ujrhse|j

_ge~e ygl~lfh~l lsyknmesgls k clq rk~kieaj fh~ Clq @h~lkc Oecljk |cil~ qgeog

ygl gk~isgers- sko~efeols- kci |cecylcili ohcsl{|lcols hf ygl ieveili @h~lks es jh~l

koyevlmu {|lsyehcli |cil~ ygl clq menl~kmetli olcsh~sger ~laejl# Kchygl~ qku yh

sykyl yges es ygky _h|yg @h~lkcs k~l chq ec k rhseyehc yh ~llvkm|kyl ygl rksy ec ygl

r~lslcy ec h~il~ yh kssl~y ygl o~lkyehc hf k clq f|y|~l fh~ _h|yg @h~lk ks @h~lk# @lu

lvlcys hf ygl rlcecs|mks y~k|jkyeo rksy- jhsymu yghsl lckoyli nu @h~lkcs kakecsy

flmmhq @h~lkcs- s|og ks ygl @h~lkc Qk~ kci ygl @qkcad| Ecoeilcy nlohjl clolssk~u

yhreos fh~ oecljkyeo ohcyljrmkyehc# Yges ~lveseyeca hf ygl ckyehckm rksy f~hj k o~eyeokm

rl~srloyevl es kmsh kivkcoli nu ygl |sl hf oecljkyeo ylogce{|ls ygky- yg~h|ag ygle~

|sl- ~lilfecl ygl oecljkyeo# Hcl lu oecljkyeo ylogce{|l es ygl |sl hf ygl fmksgnko`#

Yges i|km sy~kylau hf o~eyeokm kci oecljkyeo lcakaljlcy qeyg ygl ckyehckm rksy ecveah~kyls

Clq @h~lkc Oecljk fh~ eys ihjlsyeo rhr|mkyehc kci lwoeyls amhnkm k|ielcols qgh

k~l chq ec k rhseyehc yh ogkcal ygle~ rl~olryehc hf @h~lk f~hj ygl fh~alyyknml h~ ygl

fh~ahyylc ckyehc yh @h~lk ks ygl |cfh~alyyknml ckyehc#

EEE# Gkmmu|- Fmksgnko`s- kci ygl Qemm Chyyh Fh~aly

Aevlc ygl fkoy ygky @h~lk es k ckyehc ygky es |s|kmmu fh~ahyylc h~- ky nlsy- hcmu shjlyejls

~ljljnl~li- k srloekm ejrl~kyevl lwesys fh~ @h~lkcs chy yh fh~aly# Yges @h~lkc qemm

chyyh fh~aly- k ilyl~jecli ohmmloyevl qemm yh ~ljljn~kcol- es k fkoyh~ ec ygl hvl~y

~lrlkyli |sl hf ck~~kyevl fmksgnko`s ec jkcu gkmmu| jksyl~relols# lr~lssehc hf ygl

rksy- ecylcyehckm h~ |cecylcyehckm mhss hf jljh~u- kci ygl ~lohvl~u hf jljh~u nlohjl~lo|~~eca y~hrls# Ygl koo|j|mkyehc hf yglsl jljh~u ~lo|rl~kyehc ck~~kyevls sl~vls

yh y~kcsfh~j @h~lk ecyh ygl ~lkmj hf ygl ~ljljnl~li kci ~lsyh~ls @h~lk yh eys

y~kieyehckm rksy*h~elcyli lyghs#

Ygl koy hf ~ljljnl~eca kci fh~alyyeca es k geagmu rhmeyeoetli koy# Hc ygl ckyehckm mlvlm-

hffeoekm ~ljljn~kcols hf ygl gesyh~eokm rksy k~l illjli hnmeakyh~u fh~ ygl ckyehc yh

olmln~kyl ulk~ kfyl~ ulk~# _rloekm ikus ohjjljh~kyeca rhmeyeokm- ~lmeaeh|s- jemeyk~u-

kci o|my|~km lvlcys ks qlmm ks ygl ne~yg hf h|ysykcieca ecievei|kms k~l ygl ch~j# Uly- ks

j|og ks ~ljljn~kcol hf ygl ckyehckm rksy es k jkdh~ ckyehckm r~lhoo|rkyehc- nleca kjljnl~ hf k ckyehc kmsh ~l{|e~ls kc l{|kmmu ohjrlmmeca clolsseyu yh fh~aly# Nhyg

L~clsy ^lckc ';5916;% kci Nlclieoy Kcil~shc ';55;% gkvl ~ljecili |s hf yges

l{|kmmu ohjrlmmeca ejrl~kyevl fh~ ckyehckm veknemeyu- qeyg Ghje Ngkngk ';552- ?;2%

yk`eca ygl lwy~ljl rhseyehc hf ygl hnmeakyehc yh fh~aly# Fh~ _h|yg @h~lk- ygl @qkcad|

Ecoeilcy ygky syk~yli hc ;7 Jku ;572 es hcl s|og lvlcy ygky qks hffeoekmmu l~ksli n|y

~li~kqc f~hj ygl ilrygs hf ~lr~lssli jljh~u nu Clq @h~lkc Oecljk# Fh|~ femjs

gkvl n~hkogli _h|yg @h~lks slmf*ejrhsli |~ckyehckm y~k|jk# Yglu k~l Dkca _|c*

qhhsK Rlykm ';556%- Mll Ogkca*ihcas Rlrrl~jecy Okciu ';555%- Ej _kca*shhs

Ygl Hmi Ak~ilc'>226%- kci @ej De*ghhcs

Jku ;7yg'>221%# F~hj yges mesy- ygl fe~sy


15/27

Yhqk~is _|sykecknml Lohchjeo & _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs ec Lksy Ksek4 \#_# & ^H@ Rhmeou Hryehcs >>;

yqh femjs r~hjeclcymu jk`l |sl hf fmksgnko`s ks oecljkyeo kci ck~~kyevl vlgeomls yh

r~hveil s|csgecl hcyh yges y~kaeo lvlcy#7

Ygl @qkcad| Ecoeilcy kci eys vehmlcy s|rr~lssehc nu ygl _h|yg @h~lkc jemeyk~u es k

gh~~efeo lvlcy ec qgeog ygl _h|yg @h~lkc jemeyk~u qks h~il~li yh fe~l hc eys hqc

oeyetlcs# Ey es @h~lks vl~sehc hf Yekckcjlc fh~ Ogeck kci @lcy _ykyl fh~ ygl \ceyli

_ykyls# Hc ;7 Jku ;572- oeyetlcs ec ygl sh|ygl~c oeyu hf @qkcad| sykali r~hiljho~kou

~kmmels okmmeca fh~ k ~ly|~c yh f|mm oevemekc ohcy~hm hvl~ ygl r~lseilcou# Yglsl ~kmmels

je~~h~li ygky qgeog gki ljl~ali lk~mel~ ec _lh|m fhmmhqeca ygl |clwrloyli kssksseckyehc

hf R~lseilcy Rk~` Og|ca*gll nu ygl ie~loyh~ hf ygl @h~lkc Olcy~km Ecylmmealcol Kalcou

hc >6 Hoyhnl~ ;517- kc lvlcy ygky lcili ;7 ulk~s hf k|ygh~eyk~ekc ~|ml kci mlfy k

chyeolknml rhql~ vko||j# \cs|~l hf ygl jhyevkyehcs kci oe~o|jsykcols nlgeci ygl

kssksseckyehc kci flk~eca Ch~yg @h~lkc ecvhmvljlcy- Alcl~km Og|c Ihh*gqkc sykali

k oh|r iyky hc ;> Iloljnl~ ;517- ejrhsli jk~yekm mkq- kci ohcshmeikyli ges rhql~

nksl# Yglsl jlks|~ls lsokmkyli yh kmsh ecom|il ygl vehmlcy s|rr~lssehc hf ygl @qkcad|

Ecoeilcy#

F~hj ;7 Jku yh >1 Jku- ohcf~hcykyehcs nlyqllc ygl r~hiljho~kou iljhcsy~kyh~s

kci ygl rhmeol kci jemeyk~u |ceys ilrmhuli yh llr yglj ec mecl y|~cli eco~lksecamu

vehmlcy# Ygl lsokmkyehc ec vehmlcol qlcy f~hj om|nnecas yh a|csghys kci lcili ec

ie~loy k~jli ohcf~hcykyehcs# Lmeyl rk~ky~hhrl~s rm|s fevl ~la|mk~ k~ju ievesehcs ql~l

slcy ec i|~eca ygl r~likqc gh|~s hf >1 Jku yh n~eca jkyyl~s yh k fh~olf|m ohcom|sehc#

Qglc Alcl~km Og|c nlokjl R~lseilcy Og|c ec ;572- ieso|ssehc hf ygl @qkcad|Ecoeilcy nlokjl yknhh |cyem kfyl~ gl mlfy hffeol ec ;577# \rhc mlkveca hffeol- Og|c

srlcy yqh ulk~s ec k N|iigesy jhcksyl~u ks kc koy hf rlckcol fh~ ges lwolssls nlfh~l

gl qks slcylcoli yh ilkyg- k slcylcol ygky qks ohjj|yli yh mefl ejr~eshcjlcy#

R~lseilcy @ej Uh|ca*skj mkyl~ rk~ihcli Og|c ilsreyl ygl fkoy ygky @ej gki nllc k

fel~ol kci vhokm o~eyeo hf ygl ~laejls glkili nu nhyg Rk~` kci Og|c# Ec ;551- ;7 Jku

nlokjl kc hffeoekm jljh~ekm iku# Ygl gesyh~eokm lvlcy es hffeoekmmu chqc ks ygl @qkcad|

Ecoeilcy- n|y ey es ohjjhcmu ~lfl~~li yh sejrmu ks 221- lvlcys ~lmkyli yh ygl @qkcad|Ecoeilcy gki lcyl~li jkecsy~lkj koolrykcol ilsreyl eys y~k|jkyeo rksy# @ej De*ghhcsJku ;7yg- nko`linu OD Lcyl~ykecjlcy- s|~rkssli slvlc jemmehc kyylcills ckyehckmmu nlfh~l ulk~s lci# Ygl |sl hf fmksg*nko`s kci ygl ~lo|rl~kyehc hf rksy jljh~els ih chy kmqkus gkvl yh kii~lss ckyehckm y~k|jks4 ecvlcyevl|sls hf fmksgnko`s yh kii~lss rl~shckm y~k|jks okc nl fh|ci ec femjs me`l Rk~` Ogkc*qhh`s Hmi Nhu

'>22?% kci Mll Ju|ca*slsJ'>221%# Fh~ kc k~a|jlcy hc ygl |sl hf fmksgnko`s yh vkmeikyl ~lecok~ckyehc~hjkcols- sll Jkackc*Rk~` 'fh~ygohjeca%# Ec @h~lkc ylmlvesehc jlmhi~kjks- Qecyl~ _hckyk '>22>%-syk~eca Nkl Uh|ca*dhhc- qh|mi kmsh fey yges jhmi#


17/27


18/27


f~hj meveca jljh~u- @kca Dl*au| jksyl~jecili k nmho`n|syl~ y~lkyjlcy hf ygl @h~lkc

Qk~ nu ykèca ges krhmeyeokm sykcol kakec# Ges Ykla|àe4 Ygl N~hygl~ghhi hf Qk~-

~lmlksli ec >229- lmloy~efeli ygl ckyehc qeyg eys jlmhi~kjkyeo y~lkyjlcy hf ygl qk~ femj

alc~l nu olcyl~eca ygl ck~~kyevl hc yqh n~hygl~s qgh feci ygljslmvls feagyeca ec ygl

_h|yg @h~lkc k~ju ejjliekylmu kfyl~ ygl syk~y hf ghsyemeyels#

Ygl ck~~kyevl nlaecs ec ygl r~lslcy qglc k a~h|r hf vhm|cyll~s f~hj ygl @h~lkc Qk~

Lwokvkyehc Ilrk~yjlcy |cohvl~s ygl ~ljkecs hf k shmiel~ qgh rl~esgli i|~eca ygl

Nkyyml hf I|jemmuhca# Ygl oh~rsl gks ec ges rhsslssehc k fh|cykec rlc qeyg ygl ckjl

Mll Dec*s|` lca~kvli hc ey# Qglc k vhm|cyll~ jk`ls ohcykoy qeyg Dec*s|` nu rghcl-

ey krrlk~s yh nl k oksl hf jesyk`lc eilcyeyu4 Dec*s|` es vl~u j|og kmevl# Ghqlvl~- ef

ygl fh|cykec rlc ohccloys ygl oh~rsl yh Dec*s|`- yglc ey eilcyefels ygl oh~rsl ks ygky hf

Dec*ykl- Dec*s|`s lmil~ n~hygl~# Ec ~lsrhcsl- Dec*s|` sll`s h|y ygl rke~ hf i~lss sghls

ygky ges n~hygl~ gki mhvecamu jkil qeyg ges hqc gkcis r~eh~ yh ygl syk~y hf ygl @h~lkc

Qk~# Dec*s|`s fh|cykec rlc ec ygl rhsslssehc hf Dec*ykls ~ljkecs kci Dec*ykls sghls

ec ygl rhsslssehc hf Dec*s|` jkyl~ekmmu |ceyl ygl yqh n~hygl~s# Yglsl yqh hndloys yglc

sl~vl ks ygl jcljhceo y~eaal~ ygky slys hff ygl lwylcili fmksgnko` hf ygle~ yejl

yhalygl~ ks flmmhq shmiel~s i|~eca ygl @h~lkc Qk~nmhhi n~hygl~s ks qlmm ks n~hygl~s*

ec*k~js#

Dec*s|` ~|sgls hvl~ yh ygl fh~jl~ nkyyml seyl kci n~lk`s ihqc ec ylk~s qglc gl es

feckmmu ~l|ceyli qeyg ges hmil~ n~hygl~ Dec*ykl- qghj gl mksy skq jkcceca k jkogecl

a|c sh ygky gl- Dec*s|`- oh|mi ~ly|~c yh ygl skflyu hf ygl _h|yg @h~lkc mecls# I|~ecaygl oh|~sl hf ygl qk~- Dec*ykl qeyclssls ygl j|~il~ hf ges fekcol ky ygl gkcis hf

_h|yg @h~lkc kcyeohjj|cesy fkckyeos- kci gl ygec`s ygky yglu gki kmsh j|~il~li ges

uh|cal~ n~hygl~# Ec k nmeci ~kal- Dec*ykl- k iloh~kyli vlyl~kc hf ygl _h|yg- lckoys

~lvlcal hc yglsl oevemekc fkckyeos nlfh~l gl ilfloys yh feagy fh~ ygl Ch~yg# Ky ygl

Nkyyml hf I|jemmuhca- nhyg n~hygl~s- chq feagyeca hc hrrhseca seils- k~l ~l|ceyli i|~eca

ygl glky hf ygl nkyyml# Dec*ykl ~lakecs ges slcsls kci ykjls ges ~kal kfyl~ gl koolrys

ygky Dec*s|` es ecilli syemm kmevl# Dec*ykl ~lomkejs ges fh~jl~ rl~shck ks ygl r~hyloyevl

lmil~ n~hygl~ kci ka~lls yh ~ldhec Dec*s|` ec ygl _h|yg# Ygle~ d|nemkcy ~l|cehc es sgh~y*

mevli- ghqlvl~- ks Dec*ykl iels qgeml ohvl~eca ges uh|cal~ n~hygl~s ~ly~lky#

Qgeml ygl fmksgnko` ec Ykla|àe es chy ks ecvlcyevl ks ygl hcl ec Rlrrl~jecy Okciu-

ey ihls kmmhq ygl fmksgnko` yh mecal~ hc ygl jhyevkyehcs hf ygl yqh n~hygl~s ks yglu

feagy ec ygl qk~# Ey es chy r~ejk~emu knh|y kc eilhmhaeokm tlkm fh~ _h|yg @h~lks iljho~kou-

n|y ey es ecsylki k ohjjeyjlcy yh r~hyloy lkog hygl~ kci ~ly|~c yh ygle~ fkjemu yhalygl~#

Gl~l- ey es fkjemu mhukmyu kci rl~slvl~kcol ygky yk`ls r~lolilcol hvl~ eilhmhaeokm

feilmeyu yh hcl hf ygl seils hf ygl ieveili @h~lks#

Ygl femj iesomhsls ygl fkoy ygky rlhrml iei chy vhm|cyll~ yh feagy fh~ k rk~yeo|mk~ seilnlok|sl hf eilhmhaeokm fl~vh~# Ecsylki- jkcu d|sy lcili |r feagyeca fh~ k rk~yeo|mk~


19/27

Yhqk~is _|sykecknml Lohchjeo & _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs ec Lksy Ksek4 \#_# & ^H@ Rhmeou Hryehcs >>226- yges femjs r~evemlali rksy es sly ec ;565 i|~eca k rl~ehi ec _h|yg

@h~lkc gesyh~u qglc kcu fkjemu mec`s yh k r~hohjj|cesy kffemekyehc jlkcy ygky eys

jljnl~s ql~l hsy~koetli lvlc ef yglu ql~l chy ohjj|cesys ygljslmvls# Hcol ec k

_|jjl~es k ~hjkcol ygky- gki _h|yg @h~lk nllc ec k jh~l ~lmkwli rhmeyeokm lcve~hcjlcy-

qh|mi gkvl nllc olmln~kyli# Ecilli- ygl femj ~loh|cys k yknhh mhvl kffke~ nlyqllc

Uhhc _|`*uh|ca- k uh|ca ohmmlal jkc qghsl fkygl~ hqcs k ohcsy~|oyehc fe~j- kci

_lh D|ca*ec- k uh|ca qhjkc qghsl rk~lcys k~l syk|cog ohjj|cesys qgh knkcihcli

gl~ ec _h|yg @h~lk kfyl~ yglu ilfloyli yh Ch~yg @h~lk#

Ygle~ ~hjkcol es rhssenml ec ygl s|jjl~ ec k ~ljhyl vemmkal n|y chy ec ygl rhmeyeokm

jklmsy~hj hf _lh|m# \rhc ygle~ k~~evkm ky ges |cevl~seyu okjr|s- yglu feci ygljslmvlsejjl~sli ec k jkdh~ ohcf~hcykyehc nlyqllc sy|ilcys iljhcsy~kyeca fh~ iljho~kou

kci ygl ~ehy rhmeol qgh lcyl~ ygl okjr|s yh k~~lsy yglj# Ec ygl lcs|eca ~h|ci|r-

ilsreyl ygl oh|rmls chcrk~yeoerkyehc- yglu nhyg feci ygljslmvls ilykecli- ecyl~~hakyli-

kci yg~lkylcli qeyg mhca r~eshc slcylcols fh~ ygle~ kcyeahvl~cjlcy koyeveyels# D|ca*

ecs ohjj|cesy ohccloyehcs nu qku hf gl~ rk~lcys k|yhjkyeokmmu rhseyehc gl~ ks k

Ch~yg @h~lkc sru# Yges jlkcs ygky kcu ohcflssli ksshoekyehc qeyg gl~ qh|mi ~ls|my

ec _|`*uh|ca kmsh nleca ogk~ali fh~ srueca# Aevlc yges okyog*>>- _|`*uh|ca yk`ls ges

fkygl~s kiveol kci ilcels chqeca D|ca*ec nlfh~l ygl ecyl~~hakyh~s# Gl j|sy ih yges

ec ygl skjl ~hhj fkoeca D|ca*ec qgh- ygh|ag glk~yn~h`lc- ohjr~lglcis ygl rhmeyeokmclolsseyu hf _|`*uh|cas nly~kukm# Ecsylki hf ohciljceca gej- sgl ogkcals gl~

ylsyejhcu yh jkyog _|`*uh|cas# Yges ~ls|mys ec ges ~lmlksl f~hj ilylcyehc kci gl~

fkoeca yejl ec r~eshc#

Gl~l- ygl Ohmi Qk~ rhmeyeos hf k ieveili rlcecs|mk ohjr~hjesl kc hygl~qesl y~|l

~hjkcol# Ilsreyl _|`*uh|cas lffh~ys yh lmeoey D|ca*ecs {|eo` ~lmlksl f~hj r~eshc

;;# Ygl k|ygh~ qesgls yh ygkc` Mll Oghhc*u|c 'ogelf lwlo|yevl hffeol~ hf Oecl>222%- Mll Gkck 'fh~jl~r~hi|ol~ fh~ J@ Reoy|~ls%- kci Ksshoekyl R~hflssh~ Mll Uh|ca*Mkc '@u|cagll \cevl~seyu% fh~ ygle~ecveykyehc fh~ ygl qh~mi r~ljel~l hfHcol ec k _|jjl~kci fh~ ygl ieso|ssehc ygky fhmmhqli ygl so~llceca#


20/27


kci ygle~ jllyeca |rhc gl~ ~lmlksl- D|ca*ec |cil~sykcis kmm yhh omlk~mu ygky gl~

ohjj|cesy yecal okc clvl~ nl fh~aevlc |cil~ ygl Ohmi Qk~ solck~eh# Fleaceca k

glkikogl- sgl ieskrrlk~s kfyl~ _|`*uh|ca ilrk~ys ec slk~og hf k rgk~jkou- lvlc

ygh|ag gl jkil gl~ r~hjesl sgl qh|mi qkey fh~ gej# D|ca*ec iloeils fh~ ygl yqh hf

yglj ygky yges es k r~hjesl ygky sgl j|sy chy `llr# Yges es ygl ~lr~lssli rksy ygky es

~lokmmli ec k c|jnl~ hf fmksgnko`s ygky k~l eceyekyli qglc k ylmlvesehc sykyehc ohcykoys

R~hflssh~ Uhhc- ec{|e~eca qglygl~ ygl~l es shjlhcl f~hj ges rksy qghj gl qh|mi me`l

yh feci kakec kfyl~ slrk~kyehc# Ks qks ygl oksl ec _ge~e- ygl ieveili @h~lks ~l{|e~li

@h~lkcs yh mevl ec k gurl~rhmeyeokmmu slcseyevl lcve~hcjlcy ygky r~hi|oli ahhi _h|yg

@h~lkcs- me`l _|`*uh|ca- qgh sgh|mi clvl~ jecaml qeyg- mly kmhcl fkmm ec mhvl qeyg-

nki _h|yg @h~lkcs me`l D|ca*ec#

Ygl ~eaei ohcsy~|oyehc hf _h|yg @h~lkc vl~s|s Ch~yg @h~lkc eilcyeyels es jhsy fh~olf|mmu

kii~lssli ec Rk~` Ogkc*qhh`s >222 nhw*hffeol gey-Dhecy _lo|~eyu K~lk# Ec yges femj-

fh|~ shmiel~s sy~e`l |r k fh~neiilc kci |cygec`knml omhsl f~elcisger ko~hss ygl ?7yg

rk~kmmlm- ygl Iljemeyk~etli Thcl 'IJT% ygky slrk~kyls ygl yqh @h~lks# _l~alkcy Mll

_hh*gu|` kci R~evkyl Ckj _|ca*sge` ~lr~lslcy _h|yg @h~lk# _l~alkcy Hg @u|ca*

rem kci R~evkyl D|ca Qhh*dec je~~h~ yglj ks ygl ~lr~lslcykyevls hf Ch~yg @h~lk#

Ygle~ slo~ly f~elcisger es jkil rhssenml nlok|sl ygl Ch~yg @h~lkc a|k~is skvli ygl

mefl hf _l~alkcy Mll qgh- i|~eca k ceagy rky~hm- sylrrli hc k jecl# Gl qks

|cecylcyehckmmu mlfy nlgeci ec ges s{|kis gksyl yh ilrk~y ygl k~lk |rhc ygl ~lkmetkyehc

ygky yglu gki jesyk`lcmu o~hssli hvl~ ecyh Ch~yg @h~lk# Gkveca sylrrli hc k mevl

jecl- Mll gks ch ~loh|~sl lwolry yh ~ljkec syemm# _l~alkcy Hg kci R~evkyl D|ca|clwrloylimu feci gej# Nlok|sl hf Mlls ylk~f|m rmlk fh~ s|ooh~- Hg ilf|sls ygl jecl

kci skvls Mlls mefl# Yges lvlcy o~lkyls k g|jkc nhci nlyqllc Mll kci ygl Ch~yg

@h~lkcs#

Ygl Ch~yg @h~lkc rke~ es jkyogli nu k _h|yg @h~lkc rke~ qglc Mll es ksseacli

R~evkyl Ckj yh o~lkyl k yqh*jkc hnsl~vkyehc rhsy# Kmm fh|~ shmiel~s k~l ksseacli yh

rky~hm ygl IJT- kci ygl yqh rke~s feci ygljslmvls jkcceca hnsl~vkyehc rhsys

ejjliekylmu ko~hss ygl IJT f~hj lkog hygl~# Ygl N~eial hf Ch ly|~c slrk~kyls

ygle~ rhseyehcs# Mll eceyekyls ohcykoy nlok|sl gl fllms hnmeakyli yh ~lrku ges Ch~ygl~cn~lyg~lcs `eciclss ec skveca ges mefl# Fe~sy d|sy _l~alkcy Mll n|y mkyl~ kmsh R~evkyl

Ckj o~hss ygl N~eial hf Ch ly|~c fh~ mkyl*ceagy rk~yels qgl~l yglu feci ygky ygle~

j|y|kmmu lwom|sevl rhmeyeokm ecihoy~eckyehcs okcchy ies~|ry ygl ne~yg hf k illrl~

okjk~kil~el ygky iesshmvls


21/27

Yhqk~is _|sykecknml Lohchjeo & _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs ec Lksy Ksek4 \#_# & ^H@ Rhmeou Hryehcs >>1

Ygl clli yh geil ygl slo~ly hf ygl o~hss*nh~il~ f~elcisger ok|sls ygl hffeoekm syh~els

hf ygl s|~vevh~s yh ieffl~ sh j|og ygky ey ~l{|e~ls ygl ilyl~jecli ecvlsyeakyehc nu

Jkdh~ Dlkc- k @h~lkc*_qess hffeol~ ~lr~lslcyeca ygl Cl|y~km Ckyehcs _|rl~vesh~u

Ohjjessehc- yh |cohvl~ ygl y~|yg nlgeci yges |cygec`knml- mly kmhcl koyehcknml- IJT

f~kyl~ceyu# Lkog om|l kci lkog ecyl~velq qeyg s|~vevh~s Mll- Ckj- kci Hg ~ls|mys ec

fmksgnko` sl{|lcols ygky eco~ljlcykmmu ~lvlkm ygl y~|yg ygky j|sy nl ilceli nu ygl

s|~vevh~s kci ygle~ oh|cy~els ks qlmm ks nu Jkdh~ Dlkc# Ks ygl y~|yg nlgeci ygl fh~neiilc

f~kyl~ceyu jkyl~ekmetls- Hg srh|ys lvlc jh~l lwy~ljl ohjj|cesy r~hrkakcik qgeml

Mll- me`l Ckj- oghhsls s|eoeil# Ygl y~|yg nlgeci ygl fmksgnko`s ~lvlkms ygl lksl nu

qgeog @h~lks lygceo ghjhalcleyu okc lksemu hvl~ohjl


22/27


rm|~kmeyu hf rl~srloyevlslvlc rl~srloyevls ygky o~eyeoetl ygl oh|cy~us sgh~yohjecas#

Clq @h~lkc Oecljk lffloyevlmu o~lkyls k ckyehckm fllinko` mhhr hf sujnehyeo o|my|~km

sucl~au qgl~l ygl ckyehckm- rhr|mk~- kci o~eyeokm k~l |ceyli ~kygl~ ygkc lwom|sevl hf

lkog hygl~#

Ygl ck~~kyevls hfchyfh~alyyeca k~l hcmu hcl jkdh~ ck~~kyevl ohcol~c hf ygl oecljkyeo

qh~`s hfgkmmu|- kci yges ygljl ihls chy k|yhjkyeokmmu slo|~l Clq @h~lkc Oecljks

f|y|~l s|oolssls# Clq @h~lkc Oecljks olmln~kyli ihjlsyeo ~lsemelcol kci

ecyl~ckyehckm veah~ ~l{|e~l ok~lf|m ygh|agys hc s|sykececa- c|~y|~eca- kci lcgkcoeca

yges rglchjlchc# Clq @h~lkc Oecljk gks kyy~koyli ygl ecyl~lsy hf ygl \ceyli _ykyls#

Ghmmuqhhi sll`s yh ies~|ry yges mhokmetli o|my|~km sucl~au ec _h|yg @h~lk nlok|sl yges

ecsykcol ies~|rys Ghmmuqhhis mhca*~leaceca amhnkmetli o|my|~km sucl~au |cil~ qgeog

eys femjs ihjeckyl ygl nhw hffeols hf kmm hygl~ ckyehckm femj jk~`lys# K s|~r~esl mhokm gey

ec k aevlc ulk~ es yh nl lwrloyli kci okc nl yhml~kyli0 ghqlvl~- k s|sykecli ~|c hf

leagy sy~hca ulk~s h|y hf leagy kci rhssenmu hcl jh~l- ks gks nllc ygl oksl ec _h|yg

@h~lk- ~kesls yhh ohjrlmmeca kc lwolryehc yh kc hygl~qesl sjhhyg hrl~kyehc#

Ghmmuqhhis mhca*sykcieca jhi|s hrl~kcie es ygl kss|jryehc ygky qgky es rhr|mk~

ecseil ygl \ceyli _ykyls es k|yhjkyeokmmu |cevl~skmmu rhr|mk~ h|yseil hf ygl \ceyli

_ykyls# lrlky nhw*hffeol ihjeckyehc ko~hss ckyehckm nh~il~s hcmu sl~vls yh ~lecfh~ol

yges eilk# Ec ygl lwy~ljl- yges r~liesrhseyehc sjko`s hf ckyehckm g|n~es# Qgky es jesseca

ec yges rhecy hf velq es ygl fkoy ygky ygl \ceyli _ykyls mk~almu omhsls eys ihjlsyeo femj

jk~`ly yh fh~leac femjs- ghmis k clk~ jhchrhmu ec amhnkm femj iesy~en|yehc- kci gks

koolss yh illr feckcoekm ksslys ygky jk`l rhssenml jhcsy~h|s nmho`n|syl~ femjs# Yglvl~u s|sykecknemeyu hf yges jlak*nmho`n|syl~ sy~kylau ~l{|e~ls ygky Ghmmuqhhi ohcyec|l

yh `llr eys ihjlsyeo femj jk~`ly mk~almu omhsli yh fh~leac femjs kci `llr eys clk~

jhchrhmu ec amhnkm femj iesy~en|yehc ecykoy#

O|my|~l es o~eyeokmmu ejrh~ykcy# O|my|~l- ec ygl fh~j hf shfy rhql~- es lvlc jh~l o~eyeokmmu

ejrh~ykcy ygkc lohchjeo- rhmeyeokm- h~ jemeyk~u rhql~ygl n~lki kci n|yyl~ hf gk~i

rhql~# I|~eca ygl rl~ehi hf Dkrkclsl hoo|rkyehc hf ygl @h~lkc rlcecs|mk ';5;29


23/27

Yhqk~is _|sykecknml Lohchjeo & _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs ec Lksy Ksek4 \#_# & ^H@ Rhmeou Hryehcs >>5

n|iiu seilèo` h~ ygl lvem ecok~ckyl vemmkec# Ygl r~hnmlj qeyg yges yurl hf Ghmmuqhhi

y~lkyjlcy es ygky ef ygl so~ery ihls chy gkvl ygky Kjl~eokc jkml r~lslcy ky yges gesyh~eokm

jhjlcy ec gesyh~u- yglc ey iei chy gkrrlc# H~ lvlc ef ey iei gkrrlc- ey es qeygh|y

ohcsl{|lcol nlok|sl ey okcchy nlohjl k nkoì~hr fh~ uly kchygl~ Ghmmuqhhi femj

ygky ~lecfh~ols \#_# eccholcol- jh~km ~kal- kci ygl |myejkyl veoyh~u hvl~ ygl sey|kyehc

nlok|sl hf ygl qgeyl*`ceagy*ec*sgececa*k~jh~ {|kmeyels hf h|~ ~lr~lslcykyevl hf ygl kmm*

Kjl~eokc qgeyl jkml gl~h#

Aevlc ygl glaljhceo ohcy~hm ygky Ghmmuqhhi gks hvl~ amhnkm oecljk- k f~ll y~kil

ka~lljlcy nlyqllc _h|yg @h~lk kci ygl \ceyli _ykyls qh|mi r~lslcy k omlk~ kci

r~lslcy ikcal~ fh~ ygl @h~lkc femj eci|sy~u# \#_# ecsesylcol hc ygl knhmeyehc hf ygl

so~llc {|hyk es lsrloekmmu rl~ceoeh|s# Ygl \#_# rhseyehc ves**ves ygl oecljk es ygky ey

es r|~lmu k ohjjl~oekm vlcy|~l qgl~l nhw*hffeol ~lolerys k~l ygl hcmu o~eyl~ehc ygky

jkyyl~s# Ghqlvl~- yges \#_# rl~srloyevl es chy ygl hcl kci hcmu rl~srloyevl ygky

lwesys# Ygl oecljk es nhyg k ohjjl~oekm kci k o|my|~km lcyl~r~esl# Ey es k geagmu lwrlcsevl

lcyl~r~esl yh |cil~yk`l- kci uly ey gks y~ljlcih|s o|my|~km lwr~lsseveyu# Ygl \#_#

rhseyehc sykcis ec hrrhseyehc yh ygl ecsesylcol hf ygl F~lcog kci hf \CL_OH hc

ilfececa ygl oecljk ks k o|my|~km r~hi|oy ygky ~lfmloys ygl ckyehckm ogk~koyl~esyeos-

ksre~kyehcs- kci ejkaececas hf eys ghsy ckyehckm femj eci|sy~u# F~hj ygl dhecy F~lcog*

\CL_OH rl~srloyevl- ygl oecljk es chy jl~lmu k jlkcs yh ohjjl~oekm

kaa~kcietljlcy n|y ~kygl~ k ylsykjlcy hf k ckyehckm lcyeyu ygky okc sl~vl ks k gesyh~eokm

~loh~i hf eyslmf kci ks kc kjnksskih~ yh hygl~s qgh jku chy sgk~l ygl skjl

lwrl~elcols# Ey es yh nl ghrli ygky F~kcol kci \CL_OHs ecsesylcol hc o|my|~kmlwolryehckmesj sl~vls ks k nmhoèca jlogkcesj ygky okc vlyh ygl ohjjl~oekm-

r~hfeyknemeyu*hcmu jhilm hf ygl \ceyli _ykyls#

Ygl amhnkm oe~o|mkyehc hf @h~lkc k|ieh*ves|km r~hi|oys ~lr~lslcys k qlmohjl

rglchjlchc ygky es ~lvl~seca @h~lks syky|s ks k fh~alyyknml ckyehc yh hcl ygky es

|cfh~alyyknml# Ygl qemm chyyh fh~aly ygky olcyl~s hc @h~lkc oecljk es iheca eys rk~y yh

y~kcsfh~j @h~lks ckyehckm ejkal f~hj k Gl~jey @ecaihj- yh k Iuckjeo @ecaihj-

yh k _rk~`meca @ecaihj- yh ygl ^ljljnl~li @ecaihj- kci yh ygl \cfh~alyyknml

@ecaihj# Glcol- r~lslcy kci f|y|~l ohcvl~skyehcs qemm nlaec qeyg4 K~l uh| @h~lkc8Yges qemm yglc nl fhmmhqli nu4 Hf oh|~sl E `chq @h~lk# @h~lk es ohhm#Gkmmu| es

fksoeckyeca# Clq @h~lkc Oecljk es ghy# E me`l @h~lk# @h~lk es |cjesyk`knmu

jljh~knml#


24/27

> ?2 \#_#@h~lk Kokiljeo _ujrhse|j

FEMJHA^KRGU

Ygl Ohcykoy# Ogkca Uhhc*gu|c- ;551#Iel Gk~i ? Pk`kIel Gk~i4 Qeyg k VlcalkcolZ# Dhgc JoYeljkc- ;55222#Ygl Ghsy# Nhca Dhhc*gh- >226#Ecilrlcilcol Iku# ^hmkci Ljjl~eog- ;556#Ygl Esmkci# Jeogklm Nku- >22222#Ygl Mehc @eca# ^hal~ Kmml~s kci hn Jec`hff- ;559#Ygl Mh~i hf ygl êcas4 Ygl Flmmhqsger hf ygl êca# Rlyl~ Dko`shc- >22;#Ygl Mh~i hf ygl êcas4 Ygl Yqh Yhql~s# Rlyl~ Dko`shc- >22>#Ygl Mh~i hf ygl êcas4 Ygl ^ly|~c hf ygl @eca# Rlyl~ Dko`shc- >22?#Ygl Mhsy Qh~mi4 D|~ksseo Rk~`# _ylvlc _relmnl~a- ;551#J# Mll Ju|ca*sl- >221#Jk~ecls Qgh Clvl~ ^ly|~c# Mll Jkc*gll- ;56?#Ygl Jky~ew ^lmhkili# Kciu Qkoghqsè kci Mk~~u Qkoghqsè- >22?#Jku ;7yg# @ej De*ghhc- >221#Jljh~els hf J|~il~# Nhca Dhhc*gh- >22?#Jech~eyu lrh~y# _ylvlc _relmnl~a- >22>#Jessehc4 Ejrhssenml EEE# D# D# Kn~kjs- >226#Ygl J|jju# _ylrglc _hjjl~s- ;555#Hmi Nhu# Rk~` Ogkc*qhh`- >22?#Ygl Hmi Ak~ilc# Ej _kca*shh- >226#Hcol ec k _|jjl~# Dhg @l|c*sge`- >226#Rlrrl~jecy Okciu# Mll Ogkca*ihca- ;555#K Rlykm# Dkca _|c*qhh- ;556#K R~hjesl- @ej Uhh*dec- ;517#_ge~e# @kca Dl*au|- ;555#_g~l`# Kci~lq Kikjshc kci Veoù Dlcshc- >22;#Ygl _ru# Dkca Dec- ;555#_yk~ Qk~s4 Lreshil EYgl Rgkcyhj Jlckol# Alh~al M|oks- ;555#_yk~ Qk~s4 Lreshil EEKyyko` hf ygl Omhcls# Alh~al M|oks- >22>#_yk~ Qk~s4 Lreshil EEE^lvlcal hf ygl _eyg# Alh~al M|oks- >22229#Ygl Yl~jeckyh~# Dkjls Okjl~hc- ;579#Yl~jeckyh~ >4 D|ialjlcy Iku# Dkjls Okjl~hc- ;55;#Yl~jeckyh~ ?4 êsl hf ygl Jkogecls# Dhckygkc Jhsyhq- >22?#Yeykceo# Dkjls Okjl~hc- ;551#Y~hu# Qhmfakca Rlyl~slc- >229#Yqh Ohrs# @kca Qhh*s|`- ;55?#Yqh Ohrs ># @kca Qhh*s|`- ;556#

Ygl Qku Ghjl# Mll Dlhca*gukca- >22>#Qlmohjl yh Ihcajkàhm# Rk~` @qkca*gu|c- >22


25/27

Yhqk~is _|sykecknml Lohchjeo & _lo|~eyu ^lmkyehcs ec Lksy Ksek4 \#_# & ^H@ Rhmeou Hryehcs >?;

JLIEHA^KRGU

Qecyl~ _hckyk# @N_# >22>#

^LFL^LCOL_

Kcil~shc- Nlclieoy# ;55;#Ejkaecli Ohjj|ceyels4 ^lfmloyehcs hc ygl H~eaec kci _r~lki hfCkyehckmesj# Clq Uh~`4 Vl~sh#

Ngkngk- Ghje @# ;552# IessljeCkyehc4 Yejl- Ck~~kyevl- kci ygl Jk~aecs hf ygl Jhil~c Ck*yehc# EcCkyehc kci Ck~~kyehc- li# Ghje @# Ngkngk- >5;?>># Clq Uh~`4 h|ymlial#

O|jecas- N~|ol# >22221# Lohchjeo kci Feckcoekm Ecieokyh~s4 Fh~leac lsl~vls# qqq#lohchjesy#ohj(jk~`lys(ecieokyh~s(iesrmkusyh~u#ofj8syh~uXei:;2?99


26/27

> ?> \#_#@h~lk Kokiljeo _ujrhse|j

JHF 'Jecesy~u hf Feckcol%# >221# Ecyl~ckyehckm lsl~vls(Fh~leac O|~~lcou Me{|eieyu# Yh`uh4Ahvl~cjlcy hf Dkrkc- Jecesy~u hf Feckcol# qqq#jhf#ah#dr(lcamesg(l;o226#gyj#

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27/27

remember me, remember us, remember korea: hallyu, flashbacks, and the transformation of south korea...

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