religion: the geographic perspecive. hinduism-ethnic religion ganesh shrine, kathmandu, nepal...
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RELIGION:THE GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECIVE
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Hinduism-ethnic religion Ganesh Shrine, Kathmandu, Nepal
Chronologically, the oldest of the major religions Arose in Indus Valley,
~4,000 years ago No evolving
bureaucratic structures Reincarnation Doctrines allied with
India's caste system Tied to the physical
landscape Modernization and
Gandhi helped relax the caste system
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Hinduism
Diffusion Arose in what is now
Pakistan No modern expansion
diffusion Area overtaken by
Buddhism and Islam Bali outpost has
become a syncretic faith
Relocation diffusion not the foci
Cultural landscape Hinduism is a way of
life Building a temple gives
good Karma… Shrine location
important Visual AND emotional
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Buddhism- Universalizing
Resurgence in India Buddha (Prince Siddhartha)
spoke out against caste system Diffusion
Grew slowly after Buddha’s death
Fragmented today, but experiencing a revival
Principals keep diffusing, notably in the Western world
Cultural landscape The Bodhi tree Pagodas
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Chinese religions- Ethnic religions
Taoism Confucianism Diffusion
Confucianism diffused early into the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and Southeast Asia
Taoism = more local Chinese communist
authorities leveled burial mounds because they took up too much ground suitable for farming
Cultural landscape Confucianism and Taoism
help expand impact of Buddhist cultural influences
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Shinto: ethnic religion of Japan
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Judaism-ethnic religion, exception to the rule, has diffused
The oldest major religion to emerge west of the Indus Valley
Diffusion Diaspora Sephardim Zionism=homeland for Jewish
people Israel created in 1948 by UN
Cultural landscape Synagogues, but no single
architectural style Star of David appears on most
Jewish graves The “Wailing Wall”
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Wailing Wall, Jerusalem, Israel
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Christianity-Universalizing Jewish search for deliverance from Romans &
appearance of Jesus Paul’s role Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople)
Eastern (Orthodox) Church still one of three major branches
The papacy, second branch Protestant movement
Diffusion A combination of expansion and relocation diffusion
during European colonialism Most widespread of the global religions Aggressive and persistent proselytism
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http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/china_705/
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Christianity
Cultural landscape Medieval
Europe Imprint of death
on the landscape Uses more
land for cemeteries than any other faith
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http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-religion.html
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Christianity
Religions and culture regions in the United States The Mormon culture region Christian culture regions better known
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Islam-universalizing
The youngest of the major faiths Religious and social disarray in Arab world Unifying religious faith and set of values Mecca, Medina, then Jerusalem became the
spiritual center Believed strongly in education Still the heart of Arab culture Islamization
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Islam by 900 CE
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Islam: Shiite Regions and sects
Division conflict-2 BRANCHES Sunnis: family and
community to solve problems
Shiites: Imam is “solver” Imams—Shiite Muslims
leaders whose appointments are regarded as sanctioned by Allah
Diffusion Trading expansions led to
conflicts with Christianity The Crusades
Continues to attract converts
Experiencing resurgence; expansion will continue
Classic example of hierarchical diffusion
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Islam
Cultural landscape Mosques dominate the urban landscapes Muslim architects very skilled Exquisite and distinct architecture
A symbol for faith and community Islam religion and culture are one
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The Alhambraan example of Muslim Architecture
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The Dome of the Rock, Jerusaleman example of Muslim tile glazing
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Religious FundamentalismA worldwide drive by millions back to the “basics” (in
whose eyes?) of religious faith Often born out of frustration “Tunnel Vision”
9/11 led to many American’s equating terrorism with Islam
Globalization and religions 1. strict adherence to the holy text 2. pious or religiosity 3.
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Religious Fundamentalism
Christian fundamentalism Christian fundamentalism most pronounced in Protestantism
Islamic fundamentalism Laws not equally applied Inconsistency breeds dissidence From Shah to Ayatollah 1970s and 1980s most significant Afghanistan under the Taliban
Jihad and Wahhabi Extreme Islamic fundamentalists who resort to violence
are relatively small in number (Usually from the Shiites)
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Resources De Blij, Harm, J. (2007). Human Geography People, Place and Culture.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Domosh, Mona, Neumann, Roderic, Price, Patricia, & Jordan-Bychkov,
2010. The Human Mosaic, A Cultural Approach to Human Geography. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Fellman, Jerome, D., Getis, Arthur, & Getis, Judith, 2008. Human Geography, Landscapes of Human Activities. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Pulsipher, Lydia Mihelic and Alex M. and Pulsipher, 2008. World Regional Geography, Global Patterns, Local Lives. W.H. Freeman and Company New York.
Rubenstein, James M. (2008). An introduction to human geography The cultural landscape. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Benewick, Robert, & Donald, Stephanie H. (2005). The State of China Atlas. Berkeley: University of California Press.