reliance of traveller book f

7/29/2019 Reliance of Traveller Book F

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prayer


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WHO MUST PRAY

Legal basis:

1. Quranic Verses:

"And perform the prayer" (2:43)

2. Ijma.

3. Word of Allahs Messenger (Peace be upon Him):

"On the night I was taken from Mecca to Jerusalem,

Allah imposed fifty obligatory prayers upon mycommunity. So I kept petitioning Him in the matter,asking they be lightened, until He made them but

five each day and night."

(Bukhari, Muslim, and others)


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WHO MUST PRAY

Fard only for Baligh, Sane, Pure(for women) Muslims.

Need not make up salah missed:

Due loss of reason from insanity/illness.

By converts before accepting Islam.

An apostate from Islam who then returns

must make up every salah missed.

Child w/ discrimination (can eat/drink/clean himself

after toilet) aged 7: Ordered to offer salah.

When 10: Beaten for neglecting it.

(Not severely, only to discipline, and not >3 blows).


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WHO MUST PRAY

Person raised among Muslims + denies that:

Salah/Zakat/Siyam/Hajj = Fard, Wine/Adultery= Haram.

Denies a result of ijma`,

Things necessarily known to be from deen = Murtad.

(Necessarily known = any Muslim knows if asked).Murtad is executed if: Does not admit

mistake/acknowledge what is haram/fard by ijma.

Denying non-ijma =/= Kufr.

Muslim accepting Salah = Fard BUT Due lack ofconcern

Neglects praying until proper time over =/= Murtad.


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WHO MUST PRAY

Is executed, washed, prayed over, and buried in

Muslim's cemetery.

( Asking him to repent = Mustahab, =/= Fard.

Not executed if repents).

Only 3 excused for missing salah:

1. A sleeper (from start-time until end-time).

2. He who forgot it.

3. Traveller who delayed it to do jama.


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PRAYER TIMES

Five prescribed prayers:

1. Zuhr begins after sun's zenith, and ends when:

Current Shadow Length Zenith Shadow Length =

Actual Height.

2. `Asr begins when zuhr ends, & ends at sunset.

When CSL ZSL = 2AH : Preferred time ends.

3. Maghrib begins when sun completely sets.

Reliable view: Ends when red from sky vanishes.


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PRAYER TIMES

Five prescribed prayers:

4. `Isha begins when maghrib ends, ends at true dawn

(When sky near horizon begins to grow light.

Sometimes, few-minute dim light overheadfollowed by darkness: Deceptive dawn.)

After 1/3rdnight preferred time ends.

5. Subh begins at true dawn & ends at sunrise.

When it becomes light outside preferred time ends.

Best to pray every prayer soon after start-time,

getting ready for it at the outset.


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PRAYER TIMES

If 2nd sajda of 1straka not over b4 end-time:

Whole prayer is qadha.

If >=1 raka w/in end-time: Prayer is ada.

Intentionally delaying until part of salah

occurs after end-time = Haram.

Permissible to rely on a knowledgeable, dependablemuezzin. If no one to inform the time: May reason on

basis of reciting a known length wird/qirat etc.

(Clocks, prayer time-tables)


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MAKING UP PRAYERS

If loss of reason etc. occurs after prayer timestarted & prayable amount of time elapsed & yet notprayed: Making up as soon as possisble = Fard.

Prescribed salah missed for / w/o valid reason:

Making up immediately = Mustahab/Fard.

Immediately=> In all of the time not occupied bynecessities, sunna prayers =/= Necessity.

Making up in the order missed: Mustahab.Making up b4 offering current, even at the cost of

jamaat: Mustahab.

If time close to end, offer current 1st: Fard.

If started making up then found that time for

current ending: Fard to discontinue make-up.


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MAKING UP PRAYERS

If unsure which of the five was missed: Make up all

five.

If consistently praying a salah b4 time, day after

day: Each days = Qadha for previous. So when error

found, make up only one, for the last mistaken.


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ADHAN

Adhan/Iqama = Sunna for fard salah: Alone/ 2nd Jamat.Public cognizance of both whether small/large town.

Adhan beter than imama better than iqama.

Alone/2nd jamat in mosque + 1st jamat over:

Adhan/iqama in low voice, Else in raised voice.

Iqamat= sunna for group of women praying together.

For >=1 Qadha, Adhan 1ce, iqama evrytime.

Words of both SHOULD follow the well-known order.

Long silence/speech between the words invalidatesboth: Restart. Short silence/remark doesnt.


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ADHAN

Adhan/Iaqma, when alone: Audible to self ATLEAST.When calling others: Audible to one other ATLEAST.

Adhan b4 start-time: Invalid.

Except for Fajr: Since Midnight.

Mustahabbat: Wudu, istiqbal-e-qibla, turn head left/

right when saying Come to Prayer/Success,

Adhan( from high place near mosque, fingertips in

ears, pause between sentences except the 2AllahuAkbar), iqamah: Rapidly w/o pause.

Adhan in hadath: Makruh, in janaba: More Makruh,

Iqamah in Hadath/Janaba: EVEN more Makruh.


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ADHAN

Fard that Muezzin be:Muslim, at age of discrimination, sane, male

( for mens jamat ).

Mustahab for muezzin: Upright, strong/pleasant

voice.Makruh for a blind Muezzin to give adhan unless a

sighhted person with him.

Mustahab to repeat each phrase after the muezzin,

even if in janaba, impurity, reciting Quran (& afortiori when reading/reciting something else).

At Come to salah/success recite Lahawl

Salah better than sleep: Sadaqta wa balaghta


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ADHAN

Salah is commencing: "May Allah establish it& make it endure as long as the heavens & earth, &

make me one of the righteous of its folk."

If adhan heard while going to lavatory/praying etc.:

Reply when done.

Mustahab for muezzin/ listners to recite durood

after adhan. (Unobjectionable to do so as loudly as

the adhan.) Then recite the post-adhan invocation.


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PURITY

Shart of salah: Body, clothes, things touching them,place of standing : Free of najasa.

Chest overhanging on impurity w/o touching it in sajdah:excused.

Musalli supporting/carrying something affected by najasa(holding rope connected to najasa)=/= Permisssible.

Musalli supported by such= Permissible, provided nodirect contact with najasa.

Najasa, except blood, if indiscernible by averagevision /minute scrutiny needed: excused.

Blood/pus little/much from prayee (pimple/boil/sore,bleeding/cupping etc.): excused.

From other human/non: Excused ONLY if little.


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PURITY

In shariah, key descriptive terms:Little, Much, Near, Far, Briefly, At length etc.

governed by 'urf (common acknowledgement).

In such ahakm: Stop/Reflect how most people view it.

Urf also signifies what is normal/expected under the

circumstances. (ex: Few drops animal blood onbutchers

clothes would be little, but on students:much.)

Noticing much najasa on person/place/clothes:

After salah => Repray. During => Salah Invalidated.

Street mud on clothes, uncertain if najasa in it: Pure.


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PURITY

If unable to remove najasa from person/held in an impureplace: MUST pray & later make up when pure.

Held in impure place: Bow head closest to ground w/o

touching najasa: Placing forehead upon najasa = Haram.

Lost track of filth-spot on garment: Wash whole w/o

guessing. If reliable person informs of spot: May

Accept.

Not sure: filth on which of 2 garments: Reason & choose

1, even if: a pure exists/CAN wash 1. Choosing NOT

Fard.(May wash either/both/use new).

If one believed to be filthy is washed: May pray

wearing both/either.


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PURITY

If no attempt made to decide which is impure: Prayer inneither is valid.

Lost track of filth on a small plot of ground in opencountry: Pray anywhere.

On ground or in a room: Wash whole ground/floor.

Salah Makruh in/at:

1] A bathhouse/its outer room where clothes are removed.

2] Middle of a path 3] A rubbish dump/slaughterhouse.

5] A church 6] Places where taxes gathered/taken.7] Places likely contaminated by wine 8] Atop the Kaaba

9] Towards a tomb.

Prayer in usurped garment/land= Haram: Valid w/o reward.


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COVERING THE AWRAH

Screening awrah from eyes of men/jinn/angels, EVEN whenalone, except when need to undress: Fard by ijma.

(Zarkashi: Part fard to clothe when alone consists

solely of front/rear private parts for men, & between

navel & knees for women.)

Shart for validity of salah, when able to.

Seeing a hole in clothes after salah is like seeing a

spot of filth: Repray, unless covered the hole

immediately.

Awrah of males(even young boys not @ age of

discrimination): Area between navel & knees.

Awrah of females: Whole body except face/hands.

(But haram to look even at face/hands of non-mehram)


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COVERING THE AWRAH

Necessary conditions for clothing:

1) Skin-color should be imperceptible

(Nawawi: Thin garment from which blackness/whitenessof skin visible is insufficient. Nor thick, gauze-like

fabric which reveals part of awrah (al-Majmu)

2) Enclose body as a garment: Salah w/o clothes in asmall tent: invalid.

3) Conceal awrah from all sides & above, not necessarilyfrom below.

If awrah showing through a tear immediately covered w/hands (i.e. b4 time to say "SubhanAllah passes) when

not in sajda (excused in sajda): Salah valid.


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COVERING THE AWRAH

Mustahab for women to wear covering over head (khimar),full length shift + heavy slip beneath that doesn'tcling to the body. (Not wrapped so tightly that ithinders standing/sitting etc. 3 garments mustahab

thiugh headcover & shift suffice.)

Mustahab for men: best clothes, thobe, turban, shawlover head/shoulders, mantle, wraparound or loose drawersIf doesnt wear all of these: Desirable to wear two:

Thobe + mantle/wraparound/loose drawers.

If clothes only cover awrah: Salah valid.

Mustahab to place something on shoulders even if only apiece of rope. If no clothes but can conceal part ofawrah, cover front/rear private parts. If only 1 can becovered: cover the front. If no clothes at all: Pray w/o


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ISTIQBAL-E-QIBLA

Shart 4 salah except: Extreme peril/on-journey nawafil.

Istiqbal fard 4 fard salah : riding in vehicle or not.

Traveller (+ short trip)may pray nawafil riding/walking.

If istiqbal, sujud, ruku, possible on ride (ex:ship):Fard.

If not: Only during Takbir-Tahreema(Turn self/mount).

This also difficult: (mount saddle improper/broken/reins

not in hands): Istiqbal not fard at any point + merely nod

in travel-direction instead of ruku/sujud.

(Nod for sajda deeper than for ruku).


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ISTIQBAL-E-QIBLA

Bowing 2 limit of capacity/till forehead touches mount'sback: not fard.

If salah while walking: MUST stop for ruku/sujud onground. (If walking in mud/water/snow: Simply nod):

Istiqbal Fard for takbir-tehreema, ruku/sujud.

Riding/Walking salah validity subject to:

1. Journey continues till end of salah.

2. No turning from travel-direction but towards qibla.

If home/destination/town for stay arrives while salah:MUST face qibla + ruku/sujud on ground/mount-back (if

stopped).


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ISTIQBAL-E-QIBLA

At Kaaba, pray directly towards it.

Facing Hijr Ismaeel/directing any body-part off kaabasoutline: Salah Invalid.(A long saff at periphery of

Haram, which renders some off Kaaba's outline: valid.)

To find qibla, fard to face masjid-mihrab incity/village through which many people pass. Where theProphet faced to pray & established where he stood,fard to face as he did, w/o reconsidering qibla/turning

right/left. May use reasoning in other places.

If none seen Kaaba somewards: Reason w/ other evidence(if cant/blind: follow reliable sighted w/ evidence).

Post-salah discovery of facing-error: Repray.


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SUTRAH

Mustahab to place sutrah >= 32 cm high/spread out a mat.

If cant: Draw a line normal to chest at 1.5m: Passing w/ sujud limits = makruh,

cant push. Passing w/o sujud limit =/= haram/makruh.

If gap in saff: Entitled to cross others to fill it.


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MEASURES MUSTAHAB BEFORE SALAH

1. Stand after iqama.

2. Be in first row.

3. Straighten rows, especially imam should order jamat.

4. Fill up (n-1)th row before nth row: Else prayer in nthrow = Praying alone w/o jamat.

No gaps w/in row, nor >1.5m gap between rows.

Superior to stand on imam's right.

Sunna for imam: be in the middle.

If row extends to right: Greater sawab to stand on left.


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NIYYAH

Make niyyah with heart.

For fard salah: Must intend salah + its being fard +

Which salah: Zuhr/Asr/Jumuah.

Niyyah must coincide takbir tahrima: From 1st to last.

Presence in mind = fard + Utter b4 takbeer = Mustahab.

Specify no.of rak'as/for Allah Most High/ada or qadha:

Mustahab.(Some Ulema: Mere determination to pray

suffices. Ex: Walking to mosque after adhan.)

For nawafil w/ particular time: Must intend which:

'Eid/eclipse /ihram/sunnas b4/after prayer etc.

4 nawafil w/o particular time: May simply intend salah.


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NIYYAH

Salah immediately invalidated if:

1. Ceases to intend praying.

2. Decides that will cease to.

3. Not knowing if ceased to or not.

Hesitation in heart:"Shall I stop intending or continue?"

Merely thinking of how it would be to hesitate duringprayer: inconsequential.

Doubt that negates resolve/certainty is.

4. Intends during 1st

rak'a to stop on reaching 2nd

.5. Decides to interrupt prayer if an event occurs/may

occur: " I'll stop if Zayd comes in .

Knowingly begins a salah b4 time: Unbegun.

Unknowingly= Begun nafil.


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TAKBEER TAHREEMA

If single harf non-standing: Prayer begun as nafil if

ingnorant of its hurmat else not begun at all.

(Latecomer beware! No rukn b4 full takbeer standing.)

Lift hands - shoulder level at takbeer = Mustahab.

Fingertips level ear-tops, thumbs-earlobes, palms-

shoulders, fingers slightly outspread. Intentionally,

absentmindedly omits at takbeer-start: May lift DURING

butnt POST takbeer. Palms face qibla, hands uncovered.

Post takbeer: Place hands betn chest & navel, grasp L-wrist w/ R-hand, fix gaze where forehead will prostrate.

In Tashahhud: Look at index finger when at "illallah".

Shut eyes = Makruh unless more helpful 4 awe/ humility.


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ISTIFTAH

Mustahab post takbeer in fard/nafil salah, even if

seated, man/woman/child, imam/muqtadi, jamat/alone

except salat-janaza.

Once Ta'awwudhbegun: Maynt return to istiftah.Joined just b4 imams"Ameen: say "Ameen then istiftah.

Imam finishes after latecomers takbeer but b4 his

sitting for tashahhud: Recites Istiftah. Already sat

down & imam finishes: Complete salah w/o istiftah .

Joined while imam standing + knows that can finish

Istiftah + Ta'awwudh + Fatiha b4 imam bows: May recite.


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ISTIFTAH

Feel that imam will bow b4 completion: Omit all & begin

Fatiha & if imam bows b4 Fatiha complete: Bow w/ him.

If didnt omit istifatah/Ta'awwudh : MUST recite as many

huruf as recited b4 it THEN bow else salah invalid.

If enough Fatiha to permit bowing w/imam recited

but still not bowed w/o excuse + imam straightens up:

Rak'a missed, perform at end.

Ta'awwudh in every raka, especially after istiftah:

Mustahab : Imam/muqtadi/alone/fard/nafil even janaza.

Ta'awwudh always sirran.


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FATIHA

Post istiftah & in every rak'a.

Basmala is one of its verses.

Reciting its ayahs in order, w/o interruption: Fard.

Must rebegin if deliberately pauses, at length duringit, or briefly but intending to cease reciting, or mixesw/it words of dhikr/Quran not in interests of prayer.

Not rebegun if words in interests of prayer: "Ameen"responding to imam's Ameen/correcting him when he errs,or prostrating w/him as sunna for his Quran recital.

Nor if forgetfully falls silent/absentmindedly addswords of dhikr.


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FATIHA

To omit a harf i.e consonant/long vowel NOT short vowel

(haraka: provided meaning not altered), failure 2 double

a harf that should be, substituting a harf:

Invalidates recital of THAT word, MUST be rerecited.

It doesnt invalidate salah unless it changes meaning &

is done deliberately.

After Fatiha say "Ameen" sirran in sirri prayers &jahran in jahri. Muqtadi says "Ameen when imam does,

then again when finishes his own recital of Fatiha.


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SURA

1 complete, even short, in 1st 2 rakas only: Mustahab.

Mustahab to recite:

1. Al-Hujurat - Al-Naba in subh & zuhr salah.

2. Al-Naba - Al-Duha in 'asr/'isha salah.

3. Al-Duha An-Naas in maghrib salah.

4. Al-Sajda in 1st & al-Insan in 2ndrakaof Friday subh.5. Al-Kafirun in 1st & al-Ikhlas in 2nd raka ofmaghrib

& fajr sunnas/two rak'as post tawaaf & istikhara.

If some muqtadis mind 1&2 lengths: imam should be brief.

Distinct/pleasant recital tartil, observing proper rules& reflecting over its lessons/meanings: Mustahab.


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SURA

Muqtadi reciting when imams audible to him: Makruh.

Muqtadi reciting in sirri or jahri when imam

inaudible/audible uncomprehendingly: Mustahab.

Recite longer sura in 1st rak'as than 2nd.

Misser of 1st 2 rak'as reciting surahs in rakas

performed after imams salams: Mustahab.

Jahri prayers(when Imam/lone prayee recites aloud):

Subh, Jumu'a, 'Eids, istisqa, lunar eclipse, Tarawih,1st 2 rak'as of maghrib & 'isha.

All qadas offered in time-slots of jahri prayers are

offered jahran & viceversa.


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QIYAAM

Integral of every & only fard salah for anyone who can

stand by himself/assisted.

Spine MUST be upright.

Inclined fwd so backbone nonlinear/bent so closer 2 ruku

not = Qiyaam. If back bowed w/age etc. so normal postureresembles ruku: stand as is + must bend some more 4 ruku

if able to.

Qiyaam on 1 foot/feet-joined (sunna 4 women)/1 foot

ahead of the other: Makruh.

Long qiyaam better than long sajda/ruku.

Nawafil in any state: seated/lying down/iftirash(best)=

Mubah: Even when able to stand but of less merit.


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RUKU

Bowing from waist, min as far as average size

person when he wants to put hands on knees: Integral.

Minimal repose in it: Remain still 4 a moment aftermotion + intend nothing by the motion but ruku = Fard.

Optimal way: Begin raising hands & takbeer

simultaneously & when hands @ shoulder level: Bow.

Prolonging takbeer till reaching next posture: salah not

devoid of dhikr at any point: Mustahab.


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RUKU

Next put hands on knees, fingers apart, back & neck

extended, legs straight, elbows out (not 4 women).

Then prescribed tasbeeh optimally at least 3ice.

If lone prayee/imam of few muqtadis who dont mind:

May recite 5,7,9,11 times.

After tasbeeh mustahab to say,

"O Allah, to You I bow, in You I believe, to You I

submit. My hearing, sight, mind, bones nerves, and all

that my feet bear up are humbled before You."


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STRAIGHTENING UP

Then lift head, min to pre-bow qiyaam & remain still 4 a

moment: Each of above is an integral.

Intend nothing by motion except straightening up: Fard.

Optimal way: Raise hands(to shoulder level)& head

together, saying, SamiAllahuLiManHamida: Imam/Muqtadi/lone prayee. Imam says this aloud.

When upright say(sirran):"Our Lord, all praise is Yours,

heavenful, earthful, & whatever-else-You-will-full."

Extra-dhakirs of ruku may add here:

"O You who deserve praise and glory, the truest thing a

slave can say is, 'None can withhold what You bestow,

non can bestow what You withhold, and the fortune of the

fortunate avails nothing against You."


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SAJDAH

Is an integral. Conditions for validity:

1. Uncovered portion of forehead touch a part of prayer

place. Uncovering any other limbs of sajdah =/= Fard.

2. Remaining still for a moment therein.

3. Place of sajdah bear the weight of head.

4. Being higher than head.

5. Sajdah not on something joined to the person which

moves w/him: sleeve/turban.


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SAJDAH

Optimal way: Say takbeer and:

1. Put knees down 1st, then hands, then forehead & nose

(any other sequence is Makruh).

2. Hands directly under shoulders, fingers together,

towards qibla, hands uncovered.

3. Men keep 1 span (~ 23 cm) betn 2 knees & 2 feet

(women keep joined).

4. Men keep stomach apart from thighs, women keep

together.


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SAJDAH

5. Say prescribed tasbeeh 3ice.

Extra-dhakirs of ruku may recite 5,7,9,11 times + :

"O Allah, I prostrate myself to You, believe in You, and

surrender to You. My face prostrates to Him who created

it and gave it form, who opened its hearing and vision

by His Power and strength. Allah is exalted in

perfection, the Best of Creators."

Supplicating in sajdah = Commendable.


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IQA BETWEEN SUJUD

Raising head & sitting back b4 2nd sajdah = integral.

Sit still 4 at least a moment + intend nothing by

movement but sitting = Fard.

Optimal way:

1) Say takbeer while raising head.2) Sit in iftirash: Place L-foot on its side & sit on it

keeping R-foot resting on bottom of its toes, heel up.

3) Hands on thighs near knees, fingers held together.

4) Saying the prescribed dhikr.

Sitting back on heels w/ toes-bottom & knees on ground:

Mustahab betn sujud but iftirash better.

Sitting aground, palms down, knees drawn up: Makruh.


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2ndRaka

1st rak'a complete only after 2nd sajdah: Each sajdah &

stillness in them are four separate integrals.

Brief iftirash b4 rising = Sunnah.

Then quickly raise, helping up w/ both hands, palms

down, prolonging takbeer until back in qiyaam.

Then 2nd rak'a like 1st, w/o: Niyyah/takbeer/Istiftah.


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3rd & 4thRakas

If salah > 2 rak'as: Sit in iftirash post 2nd & recite

Tashahhud + Durood on the Prophet(Alayhissalaam),

though not upon his family.

Then rise saying takbeer & leaning on hands as b4.

When upright: Lift hands (not so after 1st/3rd raka).

Complete rest rakas like 2nd, except: Fatiha sirran w/o

appending a sura.


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TASHAHHUD

Sitting back at end of salah 4 tashahhud: Integral.

Final tashahhud: Tawarruk = sunnah:

L-posterior on ground, L-foot on its side: emerging

from under right, which is vertical.

Late comer: Iftirash at imam's final & tawarruk at hisfinal tashahhud.

Sajdah sahu: Iftirash 4 tashahhud & tawarruk 4 salams.

In both tashahhuds, L-hand an in iqa, R-hand similarlyplaced, but held closed w/ thumb touching side of index

finger, which alone is extended.

Lift the index finger & point w/it when sayingillalAllah" w/o moving it (Sunnah as per Abu Dawud)


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TASHAHHUD

Moving= Makruh.

The sunna, as per sahih hadith from Bayhaqi interpreted

as: scholars hold: lack of motion is sought in prayer &

moving it diminishes humility.

Prophet(Alayhissalaam) moved it 2 show permissibility.

(As it was His(Alayhissalaam) duty to distinguish for

his ummah the acts that were makruh from those haram: Hewas given the reward of fard 4 doing such makruh acts.)

Moreover, Bayhaqi says that meaning of moving is simply

raising it. So there is no actual contradiction.


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TASHAHHUD

Minimal Tashahhud:

"Greetings to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, andthe mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon usand upon Allah"s righteous slaves. I testify there is nogod except Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of

Allah."

Optimal is the prescribed tashahhud.

Its words = Fard (If can recite Arabic, MUST)

Their order = Shart.If cant say it: Learn.

If one cant learn (no teacher/teacherbut stillunable): Translate it 2 any language.


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TASHAHHUD

Then say Darood: Integral after final/sunna after 1st.

Minimum: "O Allah, bless Muhammad."

(Which is used for after 1st)

Optimal: Darood Ibrahim (Alayhissalaam)

Desirable to add sayyidina b4 each mention of theProphets (Alayhimussalaam). The hadith "Do not

liegelord me in the prayer" is forgery w/corrupt Arabic.

Mustahab post 2nd Tashahhud: Supplicate for any

permissible thing: Many prescribed 1s exist.

Mustahab: Imam be briefer than tashahhud + Darood.

Lone prayee may take his time, if not afraid of

forgetting that still in prayer.


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SALAMS

Integral.

Minimum: "as-Salamu `alaykum. Must occur seated.

Saying "Salam-alaykum: Inadequate.

Invalidates prayer if done intentionally.

Optimal: "Peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah"

Adding wa-barakatuhu not sunna.

Turn head R enough to show R-cheek to those behind.

Intends to finish prayer & greetings of peace to angels& Muslims (human/jinn) on right. Same for left.

Muqtadi intends 1 of 2 salams as response to imam's:Depending on which side imam is on.


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SALAMS

If directly behind him: May intend either as response.

Mustahab for latecomer not to stand to finish missed

rak`as until imam says both Salams.

Permissible to stand after just 1, but if stands b4 1st

salam: invalidates prayer, unless purposely intended to

cease jamat b4 this.

Latecomer making 1st tashahhud while group making last:May sit at length,for dhikr/duas post imam's salams b4

standing up to finish rak`as: But makruh.

If not 1st tashahhud: Invalidates prayer if intentional.


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SALAMS

Non-latecomer may supplicate as long as he wishes after

imam's salams, finishing w/salams whenever he wants:He is now praying alone, Imamat ends w/ 1st Salam.

Sirri dhikr & dua after prayer: Mustahab.

(Al-Shafi'i(ra)in al-Umm, "I prefer that imam & muqtadi do

silent dhikr after salam: Unless the imam wants to teach,after which he says them to himself.

Following adhkar & their order are sunnah:

Ayat al-Kursi, al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, al-Nas (all 1ce),Astaghfirullah 3ice, Allahumma-Antas-Salaam.

"O Allah, none can withhold what You bestow, none canbestow what You withhold, & the fortune of the fortunate

avails nothing against You,

Tasbeeh-Fatima(radhiallahuanha)(also mustahab b4 sleep).


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SALAMS

"There is no god but Allah, alone, without partner. His

is the dominion, His the praise, & He has power over all

things."

Darood at start, mid, end of above Mustahab.

For postprayer dhikr/dua imam turns his right side

toward jamat & left to qibla.

He leaves his place as soon as he finishes if no women.( Waits for them to leave first).

Muqtadis remain seated until imam stands: Mustahab.


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SALAMS

Pray nawafil after some conversation: Mustahab.

Better pray elsewhere, best at home.

Nawafil better prayed in mosque:

Pre-Friday sunnahs. Tawaf, ihram prayer.

Duha, istikhara, pre/post journey sunna rakas.

Prayers in Itikaf.

Sunna-muakkadas missable ifnt prayed in mosque.

Sunna rakas b4 maghrib.


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QUNUT

Sunnah for fajr.

The words arent set any dua/praise/ayahs of dua.

Saying the prescribed words better.

Commendable to add & none is exalted whom You are at

enmity with" after & none is based whom You befriend".

End w/darood.

Raising hands: Mustahab.

(Palms up @ asking good, down @ asking refuge).

Dont stroke face/chest w/ hands after dua.

Imam supplicates aloud, pluralizing ex: ihdina, muqtadi say

Ameen etc. sirran. Imam inaudible/lone prayee: Qunut.

Calamities 4 muslims: Qunut in last raka of every prayer.


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EXTRANEOUS SPEECH

If only jehri recital impossible: Must recite sirran.

Some things not commonly known to invalidate prayer:

clearing Throat: dont for ordinary people, whose

ignorance excusable, but scholars have no such excuse.)

If a blind about to fall in well etc: Must speak up to

alert him if no nonverbal means of warning him.

No form of dhikr invalidates prayer unless a directaddress: "Allah have mercy/peace on you"

Doesnt invalidate if the person absent: "Allah have

mercy on Zayd, addressingAllah or RasulAllah.


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EXTRANEOUS SPEECH

When something happens during the prayer: some1

asking permission 2 enter, having to correct imam:

Men say "Subhan Allah" (intending only dhikr, not merelyintend to inform, nor no intention: these invalidate)

Women clap R-palm on back of L-hand: palm to palm.

Reciting ayahs: "O Yahya, take thebook intending info

only (not invocation) or no intent: Invalidates prayer.

Not so if intent= Quran recital or both recital & info.


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EXTRANEOUS MOTION

Adding a surplus integral intentionally: invalidates

prayer but not if doesnt remember having performed it.

A surplus/out-of-place integral recital (ex:fatiha)

doesnt invalidate prayer even if intentional.

Adding, even absentmindedly, non-prayer motion which=

Much in urf + uninterruptedly consecutive:

3 steps/successively moving 3 body parts like head & 2

hands(up-and-down motion = just 1)/>=3 consec motions.

Non-above: 2-steps or >=3 non-cosec acts.

A grossly improper slight action invalidates prayer:

Jumping.


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MAKRUHAT OF PRAYER

1. Not relieving: If enough time remains, relieve 1stthen pray even if fear of missing jamat: Sunna.

2. Praying in presence of desirable food/drink if enoughtime remains.

3. Interlacing fingers.

4. Turning head w/o need.

(Turning chest from qibla invalidates prayer except in

excuse: extreme peril/nafil on journey).

5. Looking to sky.

6. Looking at distractions.


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SHARAIT OF PRAYER

Purification from hadath/janaba.

Najasa-free body, clothes, place of prayer.

Awrah covered.

Istiqbal-e-Qibla.

Avoiding haram-actions: extraneous speech, eating,excessive motion.

Knowing/believing prayer's time has come.

Knowing that prayer is fard.

Knowing how it is performed.


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SHARAIT OF PRAYER

Violating a shart invalidates prayer:

Ritual impurity occurs during prayer, even if

absentmindedly.

Moist filth affects garment during prayer & garment

not immediately shed OR Dry filth affects it & it isthrown off w/hand or sleeve.

Wind discloses part of awrah & its cover gets beyond

reach.

Belief that some elements of prayer r fard & somemustahab, but not knowing which r fard.

Prayer not invalidated if belief that all parts r fard/

garment affected by moist filth immediately shed/dry

filth brushed off/awrah immediately re-covered.


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ARKAN OF PRAYER

17 arkan (sgl: ruku):

Niyyah-Takbeer Tehrima-Qiyaam-Fatiha.

Ruku.

Momentary stillness therein.

Straightening up after ruku.

Momentary stillness therein.Sajdah.


Iqa between sujud.


Final Tashahhud.

Sitting therein.

Darood after final Tashahhud.

The 1st Saying of "as-Salamu 'alaykum".

Mantaining the above sequence.


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ARKAN OF PRAYER

17 arkan (sgl: ruku):

Niyyah-Takbeer Tehrima-Qiyaam-Fatiha.

Ruku.


Straightening up after ruku.

Momentary stillness therein.Sajdah.


Iqa between sujud.


Final Tashahhud.

Sitting therein.

Darood after final Tashahhud.

The 1st Saying of "as-Salamu 'alaykum".

Mantaining the above sequence.


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WITR

Min = 1 one rak'a.

Optimal = 11 rak'as pairwise.Least optimal = 3 rak'as.

Al-A'la: 1straka, Al-Kafirun: 2nd , al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, al-Nas: 3rd.

Permissible to join all rakas by finishing w/ singleSalams.

When joining rak'as: May recite only final Tashahud OR

A Final for evens & a final for last raka: Superiorwhen separately offering last raka.

Making witr resemble maghrib: Makruh.

>2 Tashahud in a joined witr invalidates whole prayer.


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TARAWIH

Mustahab.

20 rakas in jamaat on each Ramadan night.(Praying tarawih alone/jamat = Sunna.)

Witr in jamaat after it: Mustahab, unless intendstahajjud.

4 2nd half Ramadan, Qunut in last witr rak'a: Mustahabw/adding:

"O Allah, we ask Your help, Your forgiveness, & Your

guidance. In You we believe, on You we rely, You wepraise with every good, we are grateful to You & not

ungrateful, & disown & abandon him who commits outragesagainst You. O Allah, You alone do we worship, to You wepray & prostrate, You we strive for & hasten to obey,hoping for Your mercy & fearing Your punishment. Truly,Your earnest punishment shall overtake the unbelievers.

Time= Betwn Isha & Fajr.


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SAJDA SAHU

Sunnah.

2 sujud b4 salams when omitted/performed a required

(ex: main sunna)/surplus(ex: extra raka) action.

Cant perform if: Deliberately omitted it b4 Salams ORForgetfully omitted BUT recalled very late.

If recalls soon: May prostrate & again finish w/Salams.

Non-muqtadi remembers missed integral AFTER next action:

Go back, IF in same raka(Fard) + Sajada-sahu(Sunna).

Muqtadi: Continues w/imam & performs a makeup rak'a.


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JAMAAT


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JAMAAT

Jumu'a in jmaat: Fard-Ayn 4 non-travelling muslim men.

Strongest demand for jamaat:

subh, then 'isha, & then 'asr.

Minimal number: Imam + 1 muqtadi.

Mens jamaat best at mosque.(Going to mosque manifests jamaat).

Best mosque to pray: where most muqtadis.

Close mosque w/ few people: Better go to distant w/ more.

Unless its imam commits bid'a sayyiaah, is immoral,doesnt consider an integral so (except if: Follower of adifferent school), going to farther mosque makes jamat atneareby mosque impossible (Only 2 people likely 2 come).


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JAMAAT


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JAMA AT

Rakàsprayed b4 imams Salams= Initial rakàs of

latecomers & after = vive-versa.

Hence, if imam recites qunut inmuqtadis joining rakà:

Repeats in own 2nd rakà.

Fard: Follow imam such that each movement begins afterhe begins it & b4 he finishes the next integral.

Highly desirable: Follow imam's spoken integralssimilarly, except "Ameen: shouldbe simultaneous w/his.

Prayer invalid: Saying takbeer tehreema simultaneouslyw/imam, or uncertain if did so or not.

Makruh: Pray some other part of prayer simultaneously

with imam: Merit of jamat lost.


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LAGGING BEHIND


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LAGGING BEHIND

Until an integral complete: W/O excuse = Makruh.

Until 2 integrals complete: W/O excuse= Prayer invalid.

Not bowed even after imam straightens: Prayer Valid.

Imam actually begins declining & still not bowed:

Prayer invalid even b4 imam starts sajda.

If valid reason:

Slow recital due inability (natural or bcause non-Arab),

not merely wasaawis, & imam bows: Fard to finish Fatiha,

& rapidly catch up w/imam, who shouldnt be > 3 long

integrals ahead. (Straightening up & Iqa are short).


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MAX GAP BETWN IMAM & MUQTADIS


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Q

Imam & muqtadi in open expanse: Desert/large house:Jamat valid if distancebetwnem


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Q

Jamat valid when imam in mosque, muqtadi in adjoining

space, Provided


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SHORTENING PRAYERS


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END OF JOURNEY

On reaching hometown. As well as:

1) By niyyah to stay >= 4 full daysarrive/depart days.

2) By staying 4 full days arrival/departure days.

Unless: Intends to leave as soon as task,

expected to end any moment, ends.

Qasr in this case up to 18 days max.

Holds even for jihad.


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JOINING PRAYERS


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Shurut for jama during 1sts time:

1. Trip continue till both finished.2. 1st be prayed 1st.

3. Niyyah to join occur b4 finishing 1st:

Coincide w/ takbeer tehrima OR during prayer.

4. Inter-prayer delay not > 2 briefest possible rakas.

Brief search 4 water by tayammumi fine.

2nd invalid if prayed b4 1st: Must repeated post 1st.

Must wait to pray 2nd until its own time if:

1) Trip ends b4 praying 2nd.

2) Neglects niyyah of jama during 1st.

3)Waits at length between them.

JOINING PRAYERS


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If prayed both & trip ends: Remain valid.

Shurut for jama during 2nds time:

Shurut of qasr +

Niyyah of jama b4 end of 1sts time:

By interval which could contain at least 1 rak`a.

If neglects: Sinned & 1st becomes qada.

Mustahab for jama during 2nds time:

1) Pray 1stb4 2nd

2) Not pause at length betwn them.

3) Niyyah of jama be present during one prayed 1st.


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JUMU`A


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KHUTBA

5 arkan & their order is sunna:1,2,3 below fard in both sermons, 4 in either, 5 must

occur in 2nd:

1. Saying "al-Hamdu lillah. 2. Darood.

3. Enjoining taqwa: Sufficient to say "ObeyAllah.

4. Reciting 1 ayah that conveys an intended meaning:

promise, threat, exhortation etc.

5. Supplicate forbelievers hereafter.


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JUMU`A


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SHURUT OF KHUTBAS

1. Speaker be hadath/janaba/najasa free.

2. Awrah be covered.

3. Sermons occur during zuhr b4 2 rak`as of jumua.

4. Speaker be standing during them (if able).

5. Sits down between the two.

6. Loud enough for 40 to hear the sermons' arkaan.


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JUMU`A


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DESCRIPTION

2 rakàs.

Sunna: Recite entire al-Jumuà in 1st rakà.

(Brief khutbas, long rakas) al-Munafiqun in 2nd .

Sometimes al-A`la in 1st al-Ghashiya in 2nd.

Latee who joins in time to bow & remain still a moment

while imam still in 2nd rakà ruku: Achieved Jumua.

If later than this: Missed jumua, but fard to still

intend jumua & follow imam then finish as zuhr.

(In case imam has to repeat a rakà:

latee will have attended jumua).


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JUMU`A


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MUSTAHABBAAT

Arrive early: Best time = from dawn on.

(Everyone besides imam, to take a seat & wait 4 prayer)

Come afoot in tranquility/dignity, not ride unless an

excuse: age, weakness, distance: Fatigue of walkingwhich would obviate humility & presence of mind.

Sit near to imam.

Dhikr: On the way/at mosque b4 sermon, Quran & darood.

Non-imam, w/o need, steps over people to reach a placeamong them: Makruh.

Unless sees a vacant spot unreachable otherwise.


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JUMU`A


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If enters at end of sermon & fears that praying will

prevent takbeer w/jamat: Remain standing till they rise:So tahiyyatul masjid done w/fard .

Mustahab: Recite al-Kahf & Darood night b4 & ON Friday.

Mustahab: Supplicate Allah much, seeking

moment when prayers are answered:

"There is a moment on Friday when the slave shall not

ask Allah for anything save that He will giveit to him", which lies betwn when imam 1st sits on

pulpit & when prayer finishes. (Muttafaqun alayhi)

Others deem it occurs after asr.

EIDAIN


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Sunna Muakkada. Mustahab in jamat.

Time: Sunrise to noon.

Mustahab to offer post sun spear's length above horizon.

Best in mosque if theres room: Else better outdoors.

MUSTAHAB MEASURES

Eat nothing b4 prayer on `Eid al-Adha.

Eat odd no. of dates b4 prayer on `Eid al-Fitr.

Ghusl after dawn, even if not attending prayer.

Its time starts at midnight.

Wear perfume, dress 1s best, young boys in good clothes.Women who dont attract men's attention may attend: W/o

wearing perfume/fine clothes.

Makruh: Attractive woman attendance.


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EIDAIN


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Rafal-yadayn at each takbeer & dhikr betwn each w/R-hand on L: SubHanAllah-AlHamdulillah

Fewer/More takbeer: No sajda sahu.

Forgets all & says Ta`awwudh: Cant return to them.

Qaf in 1st, al-Qamar in 2ndraka: Mustahab.

Or al-A`la in 1st, al-Ghashiya in 2ndraka.

Or al-Kafirun in 1st, al-Ikhlas in 2ndraka

Then 2 khutba like jumua: Except shurut 3,4,5.

Open 1st sermon w/ 9 takbeer & 2nd w/7.

Imam may sit during the sermons

EIDAYN


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Two types of takbeer for Èidayn:

Unrestricted: Not confined to any circumstance:

Recited in mosques, homes, streets:

Sunna: Recite from maghrib b4 each Èid

till imams takbeer tehrima for Eid.

Restricted: Recited after prayers only.

Sunna for Èid al-Adha only:

From zuhr on Èid day to Subh on 4th day.

More reliable: From fajr of Àrafa to àsr on 4

th

day

EIDAYN


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Recited sirran: By/post ALL categories of people/prayer.

But not 4 prayer missed during & made up post tashreeh.

Takbeer 3ice & then wa lillahil hamd

Commendable to add:

"Much praise be to Allah. Glory to Him morning &

evening. There is no god but Allah. Him alone we

worship, making our religion sincerely His though the

unbelievers be averse. There is no god but Allah alone.

He fulfilled His promise, gave victory to His slave,

strengthened His army, and vanquished Confederatesalone.There is no god but Allah. Allah is ever greatest"

Mustahab to say takbeer on 1st 10 days of Dhul Hijja

whenever one sees a head of livestock.

DRESS


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Men/Women wearing tight clothes disclosing sizeOf body parts that are awrah: Makruh/Haram.

Men/Women wearing silk/using anyway, even cloth lining:

Haram/not-haram.

Use as padding in cloak/pillow/mattress: Permissible.

May dress a pre-pubescent child in it.

Imam Ghazali attributes its hurmat to its

effeminacy/softness: Unbecoming of men.

DRESS


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Men may:

Use fabric composed partly of silk if weightof silk


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Any amount of gold jewelry, even a ring's stone holder:

Haram for men.

Men cant wear gold painted/plated objects:

But CAN if these tarnish & gold unapparent.

Can repair teeth with gold.

Men/women wearing silver ring: Halal.

Sunna for men: On either little finger.

Men may decorate battle weapons w/silver, but not

ridding gear, nor an inkwell, writing utensil case, work

knife, penknife, lamp fixture-even if in a mosque.

DRESS


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Men cant have other silver jewelry:

Necklace, armband, bracelet, crown etc.

Cant embellish ceiling/walls of house, mosque,

even the Kaaba w/ gold or silver:

Its wasteful & not reported from the salaf.

Slight amount unmeltable by fire: May remain.

If more then it must be removed.

Using cloth for interior decoration in houses: Makruh.Ex: Curtains merely for decoration.

But can be used to screen a room from view.

Not even for shrines at tombs of righteous & learned.

DRESS


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Decorating walls w/pictures of animate life: Haram.

Men/Women may decorate mushafs/embellish words w/silver.

Women may have gold decorated mushafs: Haram for men.

All gold jewelry permissible for women:

Even on shoes, woven into fabric: IF not wasteful.

If a woman wasteful, ex: has 720g gold anklet: Haram.

(No limit on no. of avg-weight pieces)Gold is only permitted to women for beauty:

When exceeds normal it is repulsive/devoid of beauty.

Zakat must be paid on such wasteful jewelry.

MORE PRAYERS


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PRAYER OF PERIL

ECLIPSE PRAYER

DROUGHT PRAYER

Refer Book!


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reliance of traveller book f

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