reiner hartenstein, university of kaiserslautern, · pdf fileuniversity of kaiserslautern...

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Enabling Technologies for System-on-Chip Development,

November 19-20, 2001, Tampere, Finland

http://www.cs.tut.fi/soc/

Reconfigurable Computing Architectures and Methodologies for System-on-Chip;

Reiner Hartenstein, Monday, November 19, 10:15 - 11:00 hrs.

Reiner Hartenstein, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany http://hartenstein.de

Enabling Technologies for

Reconfigurable Computing

Enabling Technologies for Reconfigurable Computing Part 3: Resources for RC Wednesday, November 21, 14.00 – 15.30 hrs.

Reiner Hartenstein

University of Kaiserslautern

November 21, 2001, Tampere, Finland

© 2001, [email protected] http://www.fpl.uni-kl.de


Xputer Lab

2

Schedule

time slot

08.30 – 10.00 Reconfigurable Computing (RC)

10.00 – 10.30 coffee break

10.30 – 12.00 Stream-based Computing for RC

12.00 – 14.00 lunch break

14.00 – 15.30 Resources for RC


16.00 – 17.30 FPGAs: recent developments



Xputer Lab

3

>> Configware Industry

• Configware Industry

• Terminology

• MoPL data-procedural language

• Xputer architecture and circuitry

http://www.uni-kl.de



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Configware heading for mainstream

• Configware market taking off for mainstream • FPGA-based designs more complex, even SoC • No design productivity and quality without good

configware libraries (soft IP cores) from various application areas.

• Growing no. of independent configware houses (soft IP core vendors) and design services

• AllianceCORE & Reference Design Alliance • Currently the top FPGA vendors are the key

innovators and meet most configware demand.



Xputer Lab

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OS for PLDs

• separate EDA software market, comparable to the compiler / OS market in computers,

• Cadence, Mentor, Synopsys just jumped in.

• < 5% Xilinx / Altera income from EDA SW



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Xilinx Alliances

• The Software

AllianceEDA Program

• ... Xilinx Inc.'s

Foundation...

• free WebPACK

downloadable tool

palette

• The Xilinx XtremeDSP

Initiative (with Mentor

Graphics)

• MathWorks / Xilinx

Alliance.

• The Wind River / Xilinx

alliance

•#

[email protected]









Xputer Lab

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The Software Alliance EDA Program

provides a wide

selection of EDA tools

Acugen Software,

Agilent

EEsof EDA,

Aldec,

Aptix,

Auspy Development,

Cadence,

Celoxica,

Dolphin Integration,

Elanix,

Exemplar,

Flynn Systems,

Hyperlynx,

IKOS Systems,

Innoveda,

Mentor

Graphics,

MiroTech,

Model Technoloy,

Protel International,

Simucad,

SynaptiCAD,

Synopsys,

Synplicity,

Translogic,

Virtual Computer Corporation.

helps leading EDA

vendors to integrate

Xilinx Alliance software

tightly into their tools



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The Xilinx AllianceCORE program a cooperation between Xilinx and third-party core developers, to produce a broad selection

of industry-standard solutions for use in Xilinx platforms. - Partners are:

Amphion Semiconductor, Ltd. ARC Cores CAST, Inc. DELTATEC Derivation Systems, Inc. Dolphin Integration (Grenoble) Eureka Technology Inc. Frontier Design Inc. GV & Associates, Inc. inSilicon Corporation iCODING Technology Inc. Loarant Corporation Mindspeed Technologies - A Conexant Business (formerly Applied Telecom) |

MemecCore Mentor Graphics Inventra NewLogic Technologies, Inc. (Europe) NMI Electronics Paxonet Communications, Inc. Perigee, LLC Rapid Prototypes Inc. sci-worx GmbH (Hannover, Germany) SysOnChip TILAB (Telecom Italia Lab) VAutomation Virtual IP Group, Inc. XYLON.



Xputer Lab

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The Xilinx Reference Design Alliance Program

The Xilinx Reference Design Alliance Program helps the development of multi-component reference designs that incorporate Xilinx devices and other semiconductors.

The designs are fully functional, but no warranties, no liability. Partners are:.

ADI Engineering Innovative Integration

JK microsystems, Inc. LYR Technologies NetLogic Microsystems



Xputer Lab

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The Xilinx University Program

The Xilinx University Program provides

• Xilinx Student Edition Software, • Professor Workshops, • a Xilinx University User Group, • Presentation Materials and Lab Files, • Course Examples, • Research, • Books, etc.



Xputer Lab

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Altera offers over a hundred IP cores (1)

• modulator, • synchronizer, • DDR SDRAM controller, • Hadamar transform, • interrupt controller, • Real86 16 bit microprocessor, • floating point, • FIR filter, • discrete cosine, • ATM cell processor, • and many others.

• controller, • UART, • microprocessor, • decoder, • bus control, • USB controller, • PCI bus interface, • viterbi controller, • fast Ethernet • MAC receiver or transmitter,

Altera offers over a hundred IP cores like, for example:



Xputer Lab

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Altera offers over a hundred IP cores (2)

from Altera | AMIRIX Systems, Inc. Amphion Semiconductor, Ltd. Arasan Chip Systems, Inc. CAST, Inc. Digital Core Design Eureka Technology Inc. HammerCores Innocor Ktech Telecommunications, Inc. Lexra Computing Engines Mentor Graphics - Inventra

Modelware Ncomm, Inc. NewLogic Technologies Northwest Logic Nova Engineering, Inc. Palmchip Corporation Paxonet Communications PLD Applications Sciworx Simple Silicon Tensilica TurboConcept.

[email protected]









Xputer Lab

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Altera IP core design services

Altera IP core design services are available from:

• Northwest Logic



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Altera Certified Design Center (CDC) Program

Certified Design Center (CDC) Program:

• Barco Silex

• El Camino GmbH

• Excel Consultants

• Plextek

• Reflex Consulting

• Sci-worx

• Tality

• Zaiq Technologies.



Xputer Lab

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The Altera Consultants Alliance Program (ACAP):

The Altera Consultants Alliance Program (ACAP): lists

•41 offices in North America and

•29 in the rest of the world.



Xputer Lab

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Devlopment boards

Devlopment boards are offered from:

• Altera

• El Camino GmbH

• Gid'el Limited

• Nova Engineering, Inc.

• PLD Applications

• Princeton Technology Group

• RPA Electronics Design, LLC

• Tensilica.



Xputer Lab

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Consultants and services not listed by Xilinx nor Altera (index)

Algotronix, Edinburgh,

Andraka Consulting Group

Arkham Technology, Pasadena, CA

Barco Silex, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium,

Bottom Line Technologies, Milford, NJ

Codelogic, Helderberg, South Africa,

Coelacanth Engineering, Norwell, MASS

Comit Systems, Inc., Santa Clara, CA

EDTN Programmable Logic Design Center

Flexibilis, Tampere, Finland,

Geoff Bostock Designs, Wiltshire, England,

Great River Technology, Alberquerque, NM,

New Horizons GB Ltd, United Kingdom,

North West Logic

Silicon System Solutions, Canterbury, Australia,

Smartech, Tampere, Finland,

Tekmosv, Austin, Texas,

The Rockland Group, Garden Valley, CA

Nick Tredennick, Los Gatos, California, Vitesse,



Xputer Lab

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Consultants and services not listed by Xilinx nor Altera (1)

Algotronix, Edinburgh, Reconfigurable Computing and FPL in software radio, communications and computer security

Andraka Consulting Group high performance FPGA designs for DSP applications

Arkham Technology, Pasadena, low cost IP cores for Xilinx and Atmel, embedded processor, DSP, wireless communication, COM / CORBA / DirectX, client-server database programming, software internationalization, PCB design

Barco Silex, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, IP integration boards for ASIC and FPGA, consultancy, design, sub-contracting

[email protected]









Xputer Lab

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Bottom Line Technologies, Milford, New Jersey, FPGA design, training, designing Xilinx parts since 1985

Codelogic, Helderberg, South Africa, consulting, FPGA design services

Coelacanth Engineering, Norwell, Massachusetts, design services, test development services, in wireless communication, DSP-based instrumentation, mixed-signal ATE

Comit Systems, Inc., Santa Clara, California, DSP, ASIC, networking, embedded control in avionics -- FPGA / ASIC design and system software

EDTN Programmable Logic Design Center



Xputer Lab

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FirstPass, Castle Rock, Colorado

Vitesse, ASIC design

Flexibilis, Tampere, Finland, VHDL IP cores for Xilinx products

Geoff Bostock Designs, Wiltshire, England, FPGA design services

Great River Technology, Alberquerque, New Mexico, FPGA design services in digital video and point-to-point data transmission for aerospace, military, and commercial broadcasters

New Horizons GB Ltd, United Kingdom, FPGA design and training, Xilinx specialist

North West Logic; FPGA and embedded processor design in digital communications, digital video



Xputer Lab

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Silicon System Solutions, Canterbury, Australia, VHDL IP cores for the ASIC and FPGA/CPLD/EPLD markets

Smartech, Tampere, Finland, ASIC and FPGA design

Tekmosv, Austin, Texas, Multiple Designs on a Single Gate Array, HDL synthesis, design conversions, chip debug, test generation

The Rockland Group, Garden Valley, California, a TeleConsulting organization about logic design for FPGAs

Nick Tredennick, Los Gatos, California, investor and consultant



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>> Terminology


• Terminology






Xputer Lab

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Terminology

Paradigm Platform Programming

source

“von Neumann” Hardware Software

Soft Machine (w. soft datapaths)

Coarse grain

Flexware

high level

Configware

RL (FPGA etc.) fine grain Flexware netlist level

Configware



Xputer Lab

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Terminology & Acronyms

• Software (SW): procedural sources* • Configware (CW): structural sources • Hardware (HW): hardwired platforms • ASIC: customizable hardwired platforms • Flexware (FW): reconfigurable platforms • FPGA: field-programmable gate array • FPL: field-programmable logic

• RC: reconfigurable computing • RL: reconfigurable logic

*) note: firmware is SW !

[email protected]









Xputer Lab

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Stream-based Computing (2)

terms:

• DPU: datapath unit

• DPA: datapath array

• rDPU: reconfigurable DPU

• rDPA: reconfigurable DPA

• stream-based computing: using complex pipe network (super-systolic: Kress et al.)



Xputer Lab

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Confusing Terminology

Computer Science and EE as well as ist R&D and applicatgion areas suffer from a babylonial confusion.

Communication not only between Computer Science and EE, but also between ist special areas, even between ist different abstrac tion levels is made difficult – mainly because of immature terminology in relation to reconfigurable circuits and their applications.

Terms are rarely standardized and often used with drastically different meanings – even within then same special area.

Often terms have been so badly coined, that they are not self-explanatory, but mesleading. A demonstratory example is the comparizon of terms used used in VHDL and Verilog.

Ideal are "intuitive" terms. But often Intuition yields the wrong idea. Whenever a new term appears in teaching, I often have to tell the students, that the term does not mean, what he believes.



Xputer Lab

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Terms (1)

.

Term Meaning Example

Hardware hardwired Processor, ASIC

Flexware Reconfigurable (structurally programmable)

FPLA, FPGA, KressArray

Firmware Microprogramme (rarely used after introduction of RISC proc.)

IBM 360 Computer Family

Software procedural programs (sequentially executable by a CPU)

Word, C, OS, Compiler, etc.

Configware structural programs, soft IP cores, personalizing CPLD, FPGA, or other Flexware

for rDPA FPGA configuration, e. g. as a logic circuit, state machine, datapath, function

[à la Ingo Kreuz]



Xputer Lab

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Terms (2)

.


data objects of computing “data” property depends on the moment of watching

Bits, numbers, operands, results, any text (also compiler input) lists, graphs, tables, images, ...

data stream ordered, also parallel data word lists, obtained by scheduling

I/O data streams for systolic or other arrays

programming personalisation by loading programm code

procedural code or structural code: for (re)configuration

program source text or object code for programming

procedural oder structural

[à la Ingo Kreuz]



Xputer Lab

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Terms (3)

.


boot program simple program to enable programming - usually saved in non-volatile memory

comparable to the starter of the motor of a car

booting load and execute a boot program

[à la Ingo Kreuz]



Xputer Lab

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Hardware Terms (1)


machine execution unit, driven by deterministic sequencer

von Neumann machine

„dataflow machine“

not a machine, since without a deterministic sequencer (exotic concept)

(sleeping research area)

CPU Instruction Set Processor ("von Neumann”): program counter (instruction sequencer) and DPU - mode of operation: deterministically instruction-driven

ARM, Pentium core,

[à la Ingo Kreuz]

[email protected]









Xputer Lab

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Hardware Terms (2)


DPU data path unit, processes operands - no CPU since without sequencer - no maschine

ALU with registers, multiplexers etc.

Computer CPU with RAM and interfaces

Parallel Computer

ensemble of several Computers

Xputer deterministically data-driven Machine, (transport-triggered) - data counter(s) used instead of a program counterm

MoM architectures (Kaiserslautern)

dataflow machine

indeterministically data-driven (execution sequence unpredictable)

(sleeping research area)

[à la Ingo Kreuz]



Xputer Lab

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Terms on Parallelism (1)


parallelism several levels of parallelism distinguished

parallel processes, parallelism at instruction set level, pipelines,

concurrent parallel processes run on different CPUs of a parallel computer - may occasionally exchange signals or data

weather prognisis, complex simulations, etc.

ISP (instruction set parallelism)

several CPUs run in parallel by clocked synchronization

VLIW (very long instruction word) computer

[à la Ingo Kreuz]



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pipelining several uniform or different DPUs running simultaneously - connected to a pipeline by buffer registers.

pipelined CPUs, pipe networks, systolic, etc.

chaining several uniform or different DPUs running simultaneously - connected to a pipeline without buffer registers

Schaltnetze, komplexe arithmetische Operatoren

Pipe network Ensemble of DPUs, also multiple pipelines, also with irregular or wild structures

systolisc arrays, stream-based computing arrays

[à la Ingo Kreuz]



Xputer Lab

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Systolic Array Pipe network with only linear (straight-on, no branching), uniform pipelines (all DPUs hardwired and with same functionality) pipelines

Matrix computation, DSP, DNA sequencing, etc.

stream-based computing arrays (super-systolic arrays)

pipe network, configured before fabrication

image processing, DSP, complex functions and algorithms

(coarse grain) reconf. stream-based arrays

stream-based arrays, configurable after fabrication

KressArray

[à la Ingo Kreuz]



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Counterparts

category property counterpart

programing mode

procedural (classical)

structural (synthesis, design) - „field-programmable“, PLA „programming“, etc.

machine: principle of operation

controlflow-driven (instruction-driven): v. Neumann

Data-driven: Xputer machine

system: principle of operation

instruction-flow-driven (parallel computer etc.)

Data-stream-based (systolisc array, DPU array, KressArray)

Set-up time (datapaths switched thru)

during run time; (instruction-driven)

before run time: FPGA (at compile time) Gate Array (at fabrication)

[à la Ingo Kreuz]



Xputer Lab

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>> MoPL data-procedural language


• Terminology




[email protected]









Xputer Lab

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Fundamental Ideas available (1)

• Data Sequencer Methodology

• Data-procedural Languages (Duality w. v. N.)

• ... supporting memory bandwidth optimization

• Soft Data Path Synthesis Algorithms

• Parallelizing Loop Transformation Methods

• Compilers supporting Soft Machines

• SW / CW Partitioning Co-Compilers



Xputer Lab

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Fundamental Ideas available (2)

• Programming Xputers

• Similarities to programming computers

• How not to get confused by similarities

• What benefits vs. Computers ?



Xputer Lab

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Programming Language Paradigms

language category Computer Languages Xputer Languages

both deterministic procedural sequencing: traceable, checkpointable

operation sequence driven by:

read next instruction, goto (instr. addr.),

jump (to instr. addr.), instr. loop, loop nesting

no parallel loops, escapes, instruction stream branching

read next data item, goto (data addr.),

jump (to data addr.), data loop, loop nesting, parallel loops, escapes, data stream branching

state register program counter data counter(s)

address computation

massive memory cycle overhead overhead avoided

Instruction fetch memory cycle overhead overhead avoided

parallel memory bank access interleaving only no restrictions



Xputer Lab

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Similar Programming Language Paradigms

language category Computer Languages Xputer Languages

both deterministic procedural sequencing: traceable, checkpointable

sequencingdriven by:

read next instruction, goto (instruction addr.), jump (to instruction addr.), instruction loop, instruction loop nesting no parallel loops, instruction loop escapes, instruction stream branching

read next data object, goto (data addr.), jump (to data addr.), data loop, data loop nesting, parallel data loops, data loop escapes, data stream branching



Xputer Lab

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JPEG zigzag scan pattern

x

y

EastScan is step by [1,0] end EastScan;

SouthScan is step by [0,1] endSouthScan;

-> Declarations

NorthEastScan is loop 8 times until [*,1] step by [1,-1] endloop end NorthEastScan;

SouthWestScan is loop 8 times until [1,*] step by [-1,1] endloop end SouthWestScan;

HalfZigZag is EastScan loop 3 times SouthWestScan SouthScan NorthEastScan EastScan endloop end HalfZigZag;

goto PixMap[1,1]

HalfZigZag; SouthWestScan uturn (HalfZigZag)

HalfZigZag

HalfZigZag

data counter data counter

data counter data counter

1

3

2

4



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>> Xputer architecture and circuitry


• Terminology




[email protected]









Xputer Lab

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GAG =

Address Generator

Generic GAG Scheme

Limit Stepper

Base Stepper

GAG

Address Stepper

B0 DA L0

A

D A L B 0

[ ] | | | |

limit



Xputer Lab

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GAG: Address Stepper

GAG =

Address

Generator

Generic

+ / –

Escape

Clause End

Detect

Step Counter

=o

L A D A

init tag

A

Address endExec

maxStepCount

0 B Limit Base stepVector

[ ] | |

D A L B 0

[ ] | | | |

limit

GAG: Address Stepper



Xputer Lab

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Generic Sequence Examples

a) b)

c)

d) e) f) g)

Limit Slider

Base Slider

GAG

Address Stepper

B0 DA L0

A



Xputer Lab

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floor

F

address

ceiling

C

Slider Operation Demo Example

yx

B 0 L0

DLDB

DA

DB DL



Xputer Lab

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MoM Xputer Architecture

rDPA Multiple RAM banks

Smart memory interface

Scan Window „Cache“



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MoM Architecture Features

• Scan Cache Size adjustable at run time

• Any other shape than square supported

• 2-dimensional memory space

• Supports generic „scan patterns“

– Subject of parallel access transformations

– compare Francky Cathoor et al .

• Supports visualization

[email protected]









Xputer Lab

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Herz‘ MoM Xputer Architecture

Multiple RAM banks

KressArray

smart memory interface

Scan Window „Cache“



Xputer Lab

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MoM Application Examples

• Image Processing

• Grid-based design rule check [1983*] – 4 by 4 word scan cache – Pattern-matching based – Our own nMOS „DPLA“ design – design rule violation pixel map automatically

generated from textual design rules – 256 M&C nMOS, 800 single metal CMOS – Speed-up > 10000 vs. Motorola 68000

*) „machine“ not yet discovered



Xputer Lab

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Schedule

time slot

08.30 – 10.00 Reconfigurable Computing (RC)


10.30 – 12.00 Stream-based Computingfor RC

12.00 – 14.00 lunch break

14.00 – 15.30 Resources for RC


16.00 – 17.30 FPGAs: recent developments



Xputer Lab

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>>> Coarse Grain

- END -

reiner hartenstein, university of kaiserslautern, · pdf fileuniversity of kaiserslautern...

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