regional security and regional frameworks in southeast asia mely caballero-anthony

Regional Security and Regional Frameworks in Southeast Asia Mely Caballero-Anthony

Brunei Darussalam (7 January 1984) Cambodia (30 April 1999) Indonesia (8 August 1967) Lao PDR (23 July 1997) Malaysia (8 August 1967) Myanmar (23 July 1997) Philippines (8 August 1967) Singapore (8 August 1967) Thailand (8 August 1967) Viet Nam (28 July 1995) ASEAN Today

Key Facts Source: ASEAN Statistic Leaflets Selected Key indicators 2012

Regional Security Environment Tensions, flashpoints Quagmire of major power competition State of fluxtransitions Relatively benign Economic powerhouse

ASEAN Community ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC) Aims to ensure that the peoples and Member States of ASEAN live in peace with one another and with the world at large in a just, democratic and harmonious environment. ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Aims to transform ASEAN into a stable, prosperous, and highly competitive region with equitable economic development, and reduced poverty and socio-economic disparities. ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) Aims to contribute to realising an ASEAN Community that is people-oriented and socially responsible with a view to achieving enduring solidarity and unity among the peoples and Member States of ASEAN. It seeks to forge a common identity and build a caring and sharing society which is inclusive and where the well-being, livelihood, and welfare of the peoples are enhanced. Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) Progressing together through cooperation in development.

APSC Blueprint An Overview Political Cooperation: A Rules-based Community of Shared Values and Norms Security Cooperation: A Cohesive, Peaceful, Stable and Resilient Region with Shared Responsibility for Comprehensive Security External Relations: A Dynamic and Outward-looking Region in an Increasingly Integrated and Interdependent World

The Implementation Political Dimension: A Rules-based Community of Shared Values and Norms A.1. Cooperation in Political Development AICHR (ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights), established in October 2009 ASEAN Human Rights Declaration adopted by the 21 st ASEAN Summit, November 2012 Concept Paper on the Global Movement of the Moderates noted by the 20 th ASEAN Summit, April 2012 A.2. Shaping and Sharing of Norms TAC 32 High Contracting Parties The Guidelines for the implementation of the DOC endorsed at ASEAN PMC Plus One Session with China, July 2011 Implementation of SEANWFZ Treaty: PoA on Strengthening the Implementation of the SEANWFZ Treaty (2013-2017) adopted in June 2013 ASEAN Maritime Forum: since 2010 Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum: since 2012

Security Dimension A Cohesive, Peaceful, Stable and Resilient Region with Shared Responsibility for Comprehensive Security B.1. Conflict Prevention / Confidence Building Measures The Bali Declaration on ASEAN Community in a Global Community of Nations (Bali Concord III, November 2011) Ha Noi Plan of Action to Implement the ARF Vision Statement (2010-2020), July 2010 ADMM Three Year Work Plan (2011-2013) B.2. Conflict Resolution and Pacific Settlement of Disputes ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR) launched by the 21 st ASEAN Summit, November 2012 Concept Paper on the Establishment of an ASEAN Peacekeeping Centres Network adopted by the 5 th ADMM, May 2011 B.3. Post-Conflict Peace-Building Sharing of information

Security Dimension B.4. Non-Traditional Security Issues ASEAN Convention on Counter-Terrorism (ACCT) ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat Transnational Crime ASEAN Work Plan on Combating Illicit Drug Production, Trafficking and Use (2009-2015) B.5. Strengthen ASEAN Cooperation on Disaster Management and Emergency Response ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (AHA Centre) Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations (SASOP) B.6. Effective and Timely Response to Urgent Issues or Crisis Situations Affecting ASEAN Bali Concord III

External Relations Dimension A Dynamic and Outward-looking Region in an Increasingly Integrated and Interdependent World C.1. Strengthening ASEAN Centrality in Regional Cooperation and Community Building ASEAN Leaders in 2010 reaffirmed their determination to ensure ASEAN Centrality through a two-pronged approach which gives priority to the acceleration of ASEAN integration while intensifying ASEANs external relations. C.2. Promoting Enhanced Ties with External Parties Dialogue and cooperation Projects and programmes 75 Non-ASEAN Ambassadors to ASEAN 40 ASEAN Committees in Third Countries C.3.Strengthening Consultations and Cooperation on Multilateral Issues of Common Concern Bali Concord III

Key Developments in 2013 Operationalization of the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR) Adoption and implementation of the SEANWFZ Plan of Action (2013- 2017) Continued consultations on the signing of the Protocol to the SEANWFZ Treaty by the Nuclear Weapon States (NWS) and its related documents Full and effective implementation of the DOC through concrete projects and activities Official consultations with China on the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea Development and adoption of the modalities for the ASEAN Regional Mine Action Centre (ARMAC); Implementation of the Bali Concord III Plan of Action

Territorial Disputes The Case of South China Sea The Philippines Triple Action Plan UN Arbitration Case filed by Manila against Beijings nine-dash line Asean-China informal consultations on working towards the early conclusion of the Code of Conduct (COC) based on consensus - China-ASEAN Special SOM in Beijing, Sept 2014 - Joint Working Group Meeting on DOC in Thailand, Oct 2014

Maritime Security Issues The Case of Piracy ASEAN Maritime Forum (AMF): the 5 th AMF was held in Hanoi in August 2014 - aims to promote the key role of ASEAN in enhancing maritime cooperation and building trust in the region through negotiations and consultations Malacca Straits Sea Patrol (MSSP): Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand conduct coordinated naval and air patrols while facilitating the sharing of information between ships and the Monitoring and Action Agency (MAA) - piracy cases along the Malacca Straits have dropped significantly - began in 2004 as MALSINDO (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia) Malacca Straits Coordinated Patrols

Transnational Crimes The Case of Human Trafficking Conservative estimate of trafficked women and children from Southeast Asia: 200,000-225,000 (about 1/3 of the global trafficking trade) (IOM) Frameworks and Initiatives in ASEAN to Combat Human Trafficking - 1997 Declaration against Transnational Crime - 2004 Declaration Against Trafficking in Person Particularly Women and Children - 2011 Joint Statement on Enhancing Cooperation Against Trafficking in Persons in SEA (agreed to promote a victim-centred approach. and ensure that such victims are treated humanely (Para 3 and 40) - Drafting of a Convention on TIPs - The Bali Process - The Asian Regional Initiative Against Trafficking (ARIAT) in Women and Children - 2012, ASEAN Vision and ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD)

Climate Change and Natural Disasters Displaced people as a result of natural disasters in Asia in 2013: 19 million people, or 87.1 per cent of the global total (Global Estimates 2014) Typhoon Haiyan displaced 4.1 million people in the Philippines Cyclone Nargis displaced 2.4 million people in Myanmar Expenditure

Financing the deficit from disasters in Southeast Asia: The Case of the Philippines (in billions PHP) UNISDR GAR 2013 p.85 Tacloban City, PHL in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan

Food Security in ASEAN Source: World Development Indicators, 2014 ASEANs populations have been growing rapidly, with high rates of urbanization and rapid industrialization. However, labor has been shifting away from agriculture, and the depth of the food deficit persists. Source: World Development Indicators and FAO Source: World Development Indicators and UN Population Division Source: World Development Indicators and ILO

ASEAN Regional Cooperation on Climate Change

ASEAN Regional Cooperation on Disaster Response ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) as the common platform for disaster management in ASEAN ASEAN Disaster Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX)- to test the operational capability of the ASEAN Coordinating Center for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Center) ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise (ARF DiREx): a biennial event which gathers civilian authorities and military actors from 27 countries, aimed at testing the civil-military coordination efforts, creating synergy, and synchronizing efforts ADMM-Plus HADR/Military Medicine Exercise - the most recent exercise in Brunei saw the deployment of approximately 3200 personnel, seven ships, 15 helicopters as well as military medical, engineering and search and rescue teams and assets

Pandemics The Case of SARS Estimated cost of SARS (in terms of lost GDP in nominal terms for East and Southeast Asia) = $18 billion of 2003 GDP SARS mainly affected economies through tourism. During SARS: tourist arrivals in Asia dropped by 3080 per cent for various countries in the region After travel ban almost half the planned international flights to ASEAN were cancelled The travel and tourism sectors important role in the overall ASEAN economy= account for 4.6 per cent of ASEAN GDP and 10.9 per cent including related contributions Directly employs 9.3 million people, or 3.2 per cent of total employment, and indirectly supports some 25 million jobs Border control: after SARS, the efficacy of border checks far underweighed the economic disruption

ASEAN Regional Cooperation on Pandemics

External Relations Dimension A Dynamic and Outward-looking Region in an Increasingly Integrated and Interdependent World C.1. Strengthening ASEAN Centrality in Regional Cooperation and Community Building ASEAN Leaders in 2010 reaffirmed their determination to ensure ASEAN Centrality through a two-pronged approach which gives priority to the acceleration of ASEAN integration while intensifying ASEANs external relations. C.2. Promoting Enhanced Ties with External Parties Dialogue and cooperation Projects and programmes 75 Non-ASEAN Ambassadors to ASEAN 40 ASEAN Committees in Third Countries C.3.Strengthening Consultations and Cooperation on Multilateral Issues of Common Concern Bali Concord III

APT 23 CHINACHINA USAUSA RUSSIARUSSIA JAPANJAPAN ROKROK NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA INDIA UN EU CAN ADA External Relations Dynamic, Outward-looking, Integrated

ASEAN EAS ASEANPlusThree(APT) EAS www.themegallery.com Existing ASEAN Mechanisms ASEAN + 1 ARF ADMM-PLUS

Evolving Regional Architecture: Political-Security Cooperation ASEAN-Canada TAC (2010) ASEAN-US TAC (2009) ASEAN-Russia TAC (2004) ASEAN-EUASEAN-India TAC (2003) ASEAN-China TAC (2003) ADMM+ ARF ASEAN-Australia TAC (2005) ASEAN-New Zealand TAC (2005) ASEAN-Japan TAC (2004) ASEAN- Korea TAC (2004) SEANWFZ TAC ZOPFAN ASEAN Common Visa

Current issues/debates 1. Modalities of Integration- -- Relevance of AC vision against new challenges and the evolving regional architecture? What are the other modalities that could be considered? Membership expansion? Inclusive vs exclusive? Flexibility? More areas for further liberalization? 2. Institutional design/ structure of ASEAN --strengthen existing institutions and create new ones? Stronger mandates? Reinforce socialisation norms with more rules-based system? Nexus of institutions and regional identity to forge effective outcomes 3. Shared benefits of integration -- how to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth with countries at different levels of development? Narrowing of development gaps, addressing some of the 21 st century issues, notably climate change, food security, energy, etc.

Current Issues/debates continued 4. ASEAN centrality in the wider regional platform -- engaging more partners and forging common positions, strengthening voice in various global fora 5. Leadership/Visionaries -- strong/bold political leadership with the commitment and energy to advance regional agenda; vision to see future of regional community.

Challenges (contd) Promote a greater sense of community & ownership through more people-to-people contacts in SEA, including with Track-2 and CSOs Advance modest gains in promoting normative framework based on the democracy, human rights and human security. Pro-active role in managing regional conflicts, Leadership through ideas and initiatives, including pro-active ASEAN chair

Task ahead---2015 and beyond 22 nd ASEAN Summit tasked the ASEAN Community Councils to initiate work on a post-2015 vision ACC to review ASEANs processes and institutions to safeguard ASEAN centrality A High-Level Task Force to review and make recommendations to strengthen all ASEAN organs, including ASEC Review ASEANs engagement with external partners in accordance with Art. 44 of the ASEAN Charter Review of the ASEAN Charter: decision is to be made by end 2013 or 2014

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regional security and regional frameworks in southeast asia mely caballero-anthony

Documents

asean pmc

asean economic community

member states of asean

th asean summit

asean statistic leaflets

asean human rights declaration

expanded asean maritime

norms security cooperation