regents biology 2009-2010 protein synthesis making proteins
TRANSCRIPT
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Regents Biology 2009-2010
Protein Synthesis Making Proteins
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Regents Biology
Bodies are made up of cells All cells run on a set of instructions
spelled out in DNA
Bodies Cells DNA
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Regents Biology
How does DNA code for cells & bodies? how are cells and bodies made from the
instructions in DNA
DNA Cells Bodies
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Regents Biology
____________________________________ _____________
DNA Proteins Cells Bodies
proteinscells
bodiesDNA gets all the glory,Proteins do all the work
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Regents Biology
How do proteins do all the work ____________________
proteins run living organisms __________________
control all chemical reactions in living organisms
__________________ all living organisms are built out of proteins
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Regents Biologynucleus
Cell organization DNA
________________________ genes = instructions for making proteins
want to keep it there = protected “locked in the vault”
nucleus
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Regents Biology
Cell organization Proteins
___________________________ ________________________________________ ___________________________
nucleus
cytoplasm
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
buildproteins
nucleus
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Regents Biology
Passing on DNA information Need to get DNA gene information
from nucleus to cytoplasm ___________________________ ___________________________
nucleus
cytoplasm
ribosome
buildproteins
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
nucleus
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Regents Biology
mRNA
From nucleus to cytoplasm
DNA
______________
nucleus cytoplasm
________________
trait
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
protein
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Regents Biology
DNA vs. RNA_______
deoxyribose sugar nitrogen bases
_____________ _____________ C : G
________________
_______ ribose sugar nitrogen bases
_____________ _____________ C : G
________________
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Regents Biology
Transcription _____________________ DNA strand is the
template (pattern) match bases
U : A G : C
Enzyme RNA polymerase
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Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA Double stranded DNA unzips
A G GGGGGT T A C A C T T T T TC C C CA A
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Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA Double stranded DNA unzips
A G GGGGGT T A C A C T T T T TC C C CA A
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Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA Match RNA bases to DNA
bases on one of the DNA strands
U
A G GGGGGT T A C A C T T T T TC C C CA A
U
UU
U
U
G
G
A
A
A C CRNA
polymerase
C
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
AA
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Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA U instead of T is matched to A
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGGDNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
U C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU Uribosome
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Regents Biology
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
protein
cytoplasm
nucleus
traitU C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU U
ribosome
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Regents Biology
How does mRNA code for proteins mRNA leaves nucleus mRNA goes to ribosomes in cytoplasm ____________________________________
aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
How?
mRNA
U C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU U
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Regents Biology
How does mRNA code for proteins?
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGGDNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
Met Arg Val Asn Ala Cys Alaprotein
?
How can you code for 20 amino acids withonly 4 DNA bases (A,U,G,C)?
ribosome
aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
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Regents Biology
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
mRNA codes for proteins in triplets
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGGDNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
Met Arg Val Asn Ala Cys Alaprotein
?
codons
ribosome
________________________________
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Regents Biology
For ALL life! strongest support
for a common origin for all life
Code has duplicates several codons for
each amino acid mutation insurance!
Start codon AUG methionine
Stop codons UGA, UAA, UAG
The mRNA code
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Regents Biology ________________________________
How are the codons matched to amino acids?
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGGDNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
aminoacid
anti-codon
codon
UAC
MetGCA
ArgCAU
Val
tRNA
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Regents Biology
mRNA to protein = Translation __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________
mRNAU C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU U
aaaa
aa
tRNA
GGU
aa
tRNA
U A C
aa
tRNA
GA C
tRNA
aa
A GU
ribosome
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Regents Biology
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
aa
aa
mRNA
From gene to protein
_______________
nucleus cytoplasm
protein
_______________
trait
U C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU Uribosome
tRNA
aa
DNA
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Regents Biology
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
aa
transcriptiontranscription
transcription
transcription
cytoplasm
nucleus
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Regents Biology
From gene to protein
transcriptiontranscription
translationtranslation
proteinprotein
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Regents Biology 2009-2010
Whoops!See what happens when
your genes don’t work right!
Any Questions??