Mining Biological Data

Protein

Enzymatic Proteins Transport Proteins Regulatory Proteins

Storage Proteins Hormonal Proteins Receptor Proteins

Synaptic activity

Pre-Synaptic and Post-Synaptic Activity

Source - http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-13/1319.jpg

The cells are held together by cell adhesionNeurotransmitters are stored in bags called synaptic vesiclesSynaptic vesicles fuse with pre-synaptic membrane and release their content into synaptic cleft

Post-synaptic receptors recognize them as a signal and get activated which then transmit the signal on to other signaling components

Why do we need data mining?

Limitations of Human Analysis– Inadequacy of the human

brain when searching for complex multifactor dependencies in data

Several Repositories and Databases

• There are several protein data repositories and databases available online from where we can get necessary information about the protein.

Uniprot [the Universal Protein Resource]

Central repository of protein sequence and function created by joining information contained in Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL and PIR

Prosite

PROSITEDatabase of protein families and domains

Prosite consists of:

biologically significant sites,

patterns

and profiles

that help to reliably identify to which known protein family (if any) a new sequence belongs

What kind of knowledge can be mined?

• Bio-informatics have become one of the most important applications in data mining.– DNA sequences– Protein sequences– Protein folding– Microarray data– ……

Contributions of Data Mining• Semantic integration of heterogeneous,

distributed genomic and proteomic databases• Alignment, indexing, similarity search, and

comparative analysis of multiple nucleotide/protein sequences

• Discovery of structural patterns and analysis of genetic networks and protein pathways

• Identifying co-occurring gene sequences and linking genes to different stages of disease development

• Visualization tools in genetic data analysis