Regents Biology 2006-2007

Classification

Regents Biology

What variety! What similarity! Diversity of Life

there are so many different creatures on Earth

why are there differences? Unity of life

all creatures have similarities

common characteristics why are they so alike?

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Organizing the world of organsims The Tree of Life

organize creatures by structure & function how they are built how they live

organize them into groups of closely related creatures

Regents Biology

Classification System to organize all living creatures

plants animals microbes etc.

Regents Biology

Why not use common names? Misleading

starfish dragonfly

Confusing blue jay, blue coat, corn

thief dog, perro, chien

I swim,but I’m still

a bird!

Regents Biology

Carolus Linnaeus The Linnean system

proposed in 1700s each species has a

2 part name genus species

Homo sapiens

Regents Biology

Latin binomial 2 part scientific name

Genus — larger group to which organism belongs always capitalized

species — specific name for that organism always lowercase

example: Linnaeus named humans Homo sapiens means “wise man”

— perhaps in a show of hope & optimism

Regents Biology

Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

Regents Biology

Bacteria&

Archaebacteria

Classification 6 Kingdom system

Prokaryotes No separate organelles in their cells Bacteria Archaebacteria

Eukaryotes Separate organelles

in their cells Protists Plants Fungi Animals

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Regents Biology

KingdomProtist

KingdomFungi

KingdomPlant

KingdomAnimal

KingdomArchaebacteria

KingdomBacteria

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Regents Biology

Genus groupings Classify organisms into broader groups Species that are closely related are

grouped into the same genus Leopard Panthera pardus African lion Panthera leo Tiger Panthera tigris

Regents Biology

Orders & families

Regents Biology

Organizing systems Making sense out of the differences

Eastern gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis

Regents Biology

Prokaryotes Bacteria

one-celled organisms microscopic no organelles

have cell membrane have DNA

most common form of life on Earth incredible number of different kinds

Regents Biology

Bacterial diversityrods and spheres and spirals… Oh My!

Regents Biology

Both Good & Bad… Pathogens

cause disease infections

Beneficial & necessary help in digestion help plants grow make foods

Regents Biology

Archaebacteria Ancient bacteria

live in extreme environments high heat high salt

the most ancient creatures living on Earth today

Regents Biology

Bacteria live EVERYWHERE On plants & animals In plants & animals In the soil In the extreme cold In the extreme hot On the living On the dead