reforming social security with progressive personal accounts

73
Reforming Social Security With Progressive Personal Accounts John Geanakoplos Yale University Stephen P. Zeldes Graduate School of Business, Columbia University and NBER NBER Retirement Research Conference October 20, 2006 Woodstock, VT

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Reforming Social Security With Progressive Personal Accounts. John Geanakoplos Yale University Stephen P. Zeldes Graduate School of Business, Columbia University and NBER NBER Retirement Research Conference October 20, 2006 Woodstock, VT. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • Reforming Social Security With Progressive Personal AccountsJohn GeanakoplosYale University

    Stephen P. Zeldes Graduate School of Business,Columbia Universityand NBER

    NBER Retirement Research ConferenceOctober 20, 2006Woodstock, VT

  • President Bush has strongly advocated replacing part of Social Security with personal accountsMassive effort in 2005, including 60-day, 60-city Presidential tour of US to promote this reform

    Died in Congress due to strong Democratic opposition and some Republican hesitation

    Funding for individual accounts nevertheless included in Presidents 2007 budget request

  • Democrats versus RepublicansDemocrats committed to keeping DB structure

    Republicans committed to shifting to DC

    Why? Which features of these structures are important to each side?

  • Core GoalsDemocratsRedistribution based on lifetime earningsRisk-sharing across generationsSecurity via inflation indexed life-annuity

    Republicans Property rights via private ownershipTransparency regarding accrual of benefitsMarket prices (facilitating financial planning)Equity-like returns Portfolio choice

    Are these reconcilable?If so, does that help balance the system?

  • Yes! Maybe?Progressive Personal AccountsProgressive via variable matching of contributionsAccounts hold new financial securities (PAAWs) that provide DB-like benefits but are priced.Pricing PAAWs allows us to value incremental benefits and charge accordingly.

  • Outline (including work in progress)Create individual account (DC) system with same payouts as current (DB) system

    Create marketable pools of PAAWs

    Calculate price of pooled PAAWs Compute match / tax

    Describe transition to progressive personal accounts

    Use PAAW prices to design rules for self-balancing system

  • Related LiteratureImplicit marginal tax rate / matching in current system Feldstein and Samwick (1992)Cushing (2005)Feldstein and Liebman (2002)

    Accrual of Social Security BenefitsGeanakoplos, Mitchell, and Zeldes (1999)Jackson (2004)

    Self-balancing / Notional DC systemsValdes-Prieto (2000)Borsch-Supan (2005)Auerbach and Lee (2006)

    New financial securitiesShiller (1993) (GDP bonds)Bohn (2002) and Goetzmann (2005) (wage bonds)Blake and Burrows (longevity bonds)Valdes-Prieto (2005) pay as you go securities

  • Mechanics of Current OASDI System Contributions / TaxesContributions = tax rate x covered earnings

    Covered earnings = min (earnings, cap)(2006 cap $94,200)

  • Mechanics of Current OASDI System Calculation of BenefitsCalculate relative earnings (ratio of individual covered earnings to average economy-wide earnings)

    Average workers relative earnings across highest 35 years

    Compute PIA (in average wage units) as concave function of average relative earnings

    Benefit in first year = PIA (in average wage units) x average wage indexBenefit in future years (each remaining year of life) indexed to CPI

  • Mechanics of Current OASDI System Calculation of Primary Insurance Amount (PIA)Concavity generates redistribution and individual risk sharing Tying benefits to average wages generates aggregate risk sharing

    Data

    Social Security benefit scheduleLatest update: SPZ 8/8/05

    PIA vs AIME

    based on 2005 data

    ADJUST THIS COLUMN

    MONTHLY

    Monthly

    AIMEPIA

    bend pointsslope

    00

    627564.306270.90

    37791572.9462737790.32

    5,8271880.1437795,8270.15max single benefit at age 65 in 20041874

    max AIME in 20045,827

    ANNUAL

    Annual

    AIEpia (annual)pia (check)

    000

    75246771.66771.6075240.90

    4534818875.2818875.287524453480.32

    6992422561.6822561.684534869,9240.15max single benefit at age 65 in 200422488

    max AIE in 200469,924

    ANNUAL, IN WAGE UNITS

    Annual

    AIEpia (annual)pia (check)

    00000

    0.21401082570.19260974310.192609743100.21401082570.9

    1.28986748050.53688387270.53688387270.21401082571.28986748050.32

    1.98890124610.64173893750.64173893751.28986748051.98890124610.15max single benefit at age 65 in 20040.6396432015

    max AIE in 20041.9889012461

    Source: PIA bendpoints, US Social Security Trustees Report (2005) or http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/COLA/bendpoints.html

    Source: Maximum AIME/PIA, http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/ProgData/retirebenefit2.html

    http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/COLA/examplemax.html

    Note: max single benefit at age 65 assumes now includes adjustment for early retirement (b/c NRA > 65), but we don't use this in the graph

    PIA graph (monthly)

    0

    564.3

    1572.94

    1880.14

    slope =.32

    slope=.15

    slope=.9

    PIA: Primary Insurance AmountAIME: Average Indexed Monthly EarningsBased on 2004 data

    Maximum:AIME: 5457PIA: 1825

    AIME

    PIA

    Social Security Benefit Schedule

    historical

    yearbp1bp2average wage indexbend point 1 (in wage units)bend point 2 (in wage units)

    19801941,17112,513.460.0155033060.0935792339

    19812111,27413,773.100.01531971740.0924991469Source: PIA bendpoints, US Social Security Trustees Report (2005) or http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/COLA/bendpoints.html

    19822301,38814,531.340.0158278590.095517688tables V.C.1 and V.C.2

    19832541,52815,239.240.01666749790.1002674674

    19842671,61216,135.070.01654780550.099906601

    19852801,69116,822.510.01664436520.100520077

    19862971,79017,321.820.01714600430.103337871

    19873101,86618,426.510.01682358730.1012671417

    19883191,92219,334.040.01649939690.0994101595

    19893392,04420,099.550.01686604920.101693819

    19903562,14521,027.980.0169298240.102006945

    19913702,23021,811.600.01696345060.1022391755

    19923872,33322,935.420.01687346470.1017203958

    19934012,42023,132.670.0173347910.1046139507

    19944222,54523,753.530.01776578050.1071419701

    19954262,56724,705.660.01724301230.1039033161

    19964372,63525,913.900.01686353660.1016828806

    19974552,74127,426.000.0165900970.0999416612

    19984772,87528,861.440.01652724190.0996138793

    19995053,04330,469.840.01657376610.0998692478

    20005313,20232,154.820.01651385390.099580716

    20015613,38132,921.920.01704031840.102697534

    20025923,56733,252.090.01780339220.1072714527

    20036063,65334,064.950.01778954610.1072363236

    20046123,68935,157.100.01740757910.1049290186

    20056273,77936,599.680.01713129730.1032522689

    indexPIA

    0

    0.1926097431

    0.5368838727

    0.6417389375

    slope =.32

    slope=.15

    slope=.9

    Maximum:AIE: 1.99PIA: 0.64

    Average relative earnings (AIE/ Average Wage Index)

    Initial relative benefits (PIA/Average Wage Index)

    PIA graph (annual)

    0

    6771.6

    18875.28

    22561.68

    slope =.32

    slope=.15

    slope=.9

    Maximum:AIE: 69,924PIA: 22,562

    AIME (Annualized)

    PIA (annual)

  • Current System Provides Insurance Againstlow lifetime earnings (35 year average)

    longevity (annuity: inflation indexed payment for life)

    falling behind wages of next generation

    low wages of all current workers (because still get same retirement benefits)

  • Creating Individual Accounts that Mimic the Current SystemDefine new securities (PAAWs)

    Compute accrual of balances

    Trade PAAWs in financial markets

  • Personal accounts hold PAAWs: Personal Annuitized Average Wage SecurityEach PAAW pays

    Economy-wide average wage index in the year of retirement (conditional on living that long)

    Same number of inflation-adjusted dollars for as long as the individual lives

  • PAAW is a composite of two securitiesAverage Wage SecurityPays average economy-wide earnings in a given year (like a futures contract)

    Personal Annuity Unit (PANT)Pays $1 (real) for as long as the individual lives

    PAAW: composite security that pays off an uncertain number (security 1 above) of a one inflation-adjusted dollar life annuity (security 2 above)

  • PAAWs enhance property rights on accrued benefitsCurrent lawNo legal property rights to benefits No clear distinction betweenbenefits already accruedbenefits to be accrued in the futureSo benefit cuts often applied across the board

    PAAWsGive owners legal right to collect accrued benefitsClearly distinguish between accrued and other benefitsB/c PAAWs provide market value, if accrued benefits are cut, people would know how much is being stolen

  • How can individual accounts (with irrevocable annual accrual) mimic redistribution based on lifetime income?Current system: redistribution based on lifetime rather than current income

    Typical individual account plans exclude redistribution or base it on current income

    We replicate redistribution based on lifetime income by using a variable government match

    Match formula is relatively simple: declines with PAAW balance (PBAL)

  • How are PAAWs accrued?PBALit = number of units of PAAWs accrued by worker i as of year t = benefits a worker would be entitled to under the current system if all future earnings = 0

    PBAL can rise, but can never fall

    Other definitions of accrual exist , but our definition accumulates balances most rapidly

    PAAW accrual is a function of New contributions Accumulated balances (PBAL)

  • Additional PAAWs Per Additional Contribution (measured in average wage units)High when PBAL is lowAnd low when PBAL is highUsing this schedule for every contribution mimics the lifetime redistribution of the current system

    Chart3

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    0.086258

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    0.0404299

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    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    PAAW Balance

    Sheet1

    0.01PAAWs BalanceAdditional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    0.020.010.2426078

    0.030.020.2426078

    0.040.030.2426078

    0.040.2426078

    0.190.24260780.24259370.050.2426078

    0.1960.0862580.060.2426078

    0.0862580.070.2426078

    0.0862580.080.2426078

    0.0862580.090.2426078

    0.0862580.10.2426078

    0.0862580.110.2426078

    0.0862580.120.2426078

    0.0862580.130.2426078

    0.0862580.140.2426078

    0.0862580.150.2426078

    0.5370.0862580.160.2426078

    0.5410.04042990.170.2426078

    0.180.2426078

    0.190.2426078

    0.20.086258

    0.210.086258

    0.220.086258

    0.230.086258

    0.240.086258

    0.250.086258

    0.260.086258

    0.270.086258

    0.280.086258

    0.290.086258

    0.30.086258

    0.310.086258

    0.320.086258

    0.330.086258

    0.340.086258

    0.350.086258

    0.360.086258

    0.370.086258

    0.380.086258

    0.390.086258

    0.40.086258

    0.410.086258

    0.420.086258

    0.430.086258

    0.440.086258

    0.450.086258

    0.460.086258

    0.470.086258

    0.480.086258

    0.490.086258

    0.50.086258

    0.510.086258

    0.520.086258

    0.530.086258

    0.540.0404299

    0.550.0404299

    0.560.0404299

    0.570.0404299

    0.580.0404299

    0.590.0404299

    0.60.0404299

    0.610.0404299

    0.620.0404299

    0.630.0404299

    0.640.0404299

    0.650.0404299

    0.660.0404299

    0.670.0404299

    0.680.0404299

    0.690.0404299

    0.70.0404299

    0.710.0404299

    0.720.0404299

    0.730.0404299

    0.740.0404299

    0.750.0404299

    Sheet1

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    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    PAAW Balance

    Sheet2

    Sheet3

  • Variable Match ProposalA historically high wage worker will be getting worse allocation of PAAWs per contribution than a historically low wage worker of same age.Could be added to other, more traditional, individual account proposals (e.g. MacGuineas, Liebman, and Samwick, 2005) as a way of enhancing progressivity

  • Notes about Variable Government MatchingFormula slightly different for late-in-life contributions only excess of contribution over 35th highest relative contribution to date counts toward PAAW accrual

    Match so far defined in units of PAAWs Match rate (i.e. dollar of match per dollar of contribution) requires market valuation of PAAWs (later)

  • Simple Numerical ExamplesWorker 1: Relative earnings = 1(earnings = average economy-wide earnings in every year)

    Worker 2: Relative earnings = average relative earnings for cohort born in 1938

    Worker 3: Earnings = earnings of Worker 2

    Worker 4: Earnings = 1.5 earnings of Worker 2

    Future work: examine realizations of stochastic earnings process

  • Additional PAAWs Per Additional Contribution (measured in average wage units)

    Chart15

    10.2425902

    10.2425867

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    10.2425937

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    10.2425797

    10.086244

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    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

    Cohort Average

    AgeRelative WagePAAW BalancesChange in PAAWsAdditional PAAWs per Additional ContributionMarket Value of Accrued PAAWsPresent Value of Change in PAAWsAverage Match RateRelative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%Marginal Match RateReal Contributions

    200.53024120.0140.24258760.06280380.00118440.001060.1173951905.9

    210.64085270.030.016480.24258840.14150432654.60.13991390.00120830.001060.13991782328.8

    220.71946940.0490.01850.24258670.23306653074.10.16300810.00123280.001060.16300352643.2

    230.7761650.0690.019960.24258670.33537763420.40.18644990.00125760.001060.18644552882.9

    240.82420650.090.021190.24258670.44792933746.50.2104920.00128310.001060.21048743095

    250.88658610.1130.02280.24257260.5730134156.50.23489620.00130890.001060.23481973365.9

    260.91907910.1360.023630.24259370.70729824444.10.25979330.00133540.001060.25982583527.6

    270.95154890.1610.024470.24260780.851102547450.28506310.00136230.001060.28517063692.4

    281.1556470.190.029720.24260781.0288585943.60.31097830.00138980.001060.31108684533.7

    291.1368690.2020.012090.0862581.116122492.8-0.44716650.0005040.00106-0.52449744509.1

    301.2263630.2140.011210.0862581.2016872385.4-0.51493290.00051420.00106-0.51490694917.6

    311.2083970.2250.011050.0862581.2894472424.4-0.50509740.00052460.00106-0.50507064898.8

    321.1671060.2350.010670.0862581.3782072415.6-0.49500820.00053530.00106-0.4949814783.5

    331.1246590.2460.010280.0862581.4678892401.6-0.4846590.00054630.00106-0.48463084660.2

    341.1655780.2560.010660.0862581.5629532567.9-0.47409530.00055750.00106-0.47406694882.9

    351.2846690.2680.011750.0862581.6682532920.4-0.46325820.0005690.00106-0.46322885441

    361.4011130.2810.012810.0862581.7839953286.5-0.45219540.00058070.00106-0.45216565999.5

    371.3718120.2930.012540.08628621.902273320.6-0.44084430.00059290.00106-0.44063155938.6

    381.3929470.3060.012740.08622992.0263933480.2-0.42913420.0006050.00106-0.42929066096.4

    391.4180770.3190.012970.0862582.1564423657-0.41717980.00061780.00106-0.41714746274.7

    401.4358620.3320.013130.0862582.2924243822.4-0.40490730.00063080.00106-0.40487446423.3

    411.5780360.3470.014430.0862582.4428654337.5-0.39224270.00064430.00106-0.39221077136.9

    421.5793390.3610.014440.08628622.5990464482.7-0.37924320.00065830.00106-0.37900587221.4

    431.5892570.3760.014530.08622992.7620674659.1-0.36582070.0006720.00106-0.36599477346.7

    441.5867770.390.014510.08622992.9310864805.2-0.35203840.00068670.00106-0.35221477415.9

    451.6136630.4050.014750.08622993.1083945048.4-0.33787860.00070170.00106-0.33805857624.5

    461.6198880.420.014810.08622993.2928825236.2-0.32332980.00071710.00106-0.32351437738.1

    471.6287110.4350.014890.08628623.4854095440.7-0.30830820.00073350.00106-0.30804357865.9

    481.6597560.450.015170.0862583.687635730.6-0.29286380.00074960.00106-0.2928268104

    491.6145220.4650.014760.0862583.8941475762.3-0.27698950.00076640.00106-0.27695127969.8

    501.6015790.4790.014640.0862584.1084615910.7-0.26050820.00078390.00106-0.26046827992.9

    511.6053590.4940.014680.08628624.3308926126.4-0.24364120.0008020.00106-0.24335148099.9

    521.5868380.5080.014510.08620184.5613926264.2-0.22611330.00081980.00106-0.22657978094.5

    531.5555480.5230.014220.08631434.7987696353.5-0.20800380.00084010.00106-0.20744068022.2

    541.5195270.5370.013890.08631435.0434516423.9-0.18917130.00086010.00106-0.18859917922.6

    551.5405480.5420.005150.04042995.2148172467.3-0.69616590.00041260.00106-0.61076188120.6

    561.5581260.5460.003930.04042995.382031949.7-0.76520350.00042280.00106-0.60117538303.6

    571.5294880.5490.003470.04042995.5523611784.3-0.78346880.00043340.00106-0.59115488240.6

    581.5007780.5520.003110.04042995.7275391655.4-0.79750750.00044450.00106-0.58062778174.9

    591.4693720.5550.002760.04042995.9074141529.2-0.81102070.00045620.00106-0.56961238091.8

    601.4558870.5570.002440.04042996.0930811400.9-0.82716890.00046850.00106-0.55802868105.8

    611.4316450.560.00220.04042996.2857921310.3-0.83739670.00048140.00106-0.54583998058.5

    621.398950.5610.001920.04037376.4863311189.2-0.85062350.00049440.00106-0.53360067961.1

    631.3794460.5630.001090.04042996.690329704.8-0.91119540.00050970.00106-0.51919717936.4

    Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    PAAW Balances

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    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    Economy Average

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    Relative Wage

    Change in PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    1.5x Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    0.5x Cohort Average

    00

    00

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    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

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    Relative Wage

    Market Value of Accrued PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    PAAW Price

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    Relative Wage

    Average Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    Relative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%

    Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%

    Age

    Relative PV of additional PAAWs and Relative PV of contributions due to earning 1% of the Economy's Average Wage

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

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    00

    00

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    00

    00

    00

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    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

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    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    Present Value of Change in PAAWs

    Real Contributions

    Age

    PV of Change in PAAWs+Real Contributions

    00

    00

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    Relative Wage

    Marginal Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    AgeRelative WagePAAW BalancesChange in PAAWsAdditional PAAWs per Additional ContributionMarket Value of Accrued PAAWsPresent Value of Change in PAAWsAverage Match RateRelative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%Marginal Match RateReal Contributions

    2010.0260.24259020.11844390.00118450.001060.11740733594.4

    2110.0510.025710.24258670.24166174142.30.13991390.00120830.001060.13990963633.9

    2210.0770.025710.24258670.36983654272.70.1630080.00123280.001060.16300353673.9

    2310.1030.025710.24259370.50305494406.80.18645010.00125770.001060.186483714.3

    2410.1290.025710.24259370.64156074545.60.21049230.00128320.001060.21052243755.1

    2510.1540.025710.24259370.78539384688.20.23489560.0013090.001060.2349273796.4

    2610.180.025710.24257970.93476714835.30.25979440.00133530.001060.25975283838.2

    2710.1980.017530.0862441.0463553398.6-0.12417320.00048430.00106-0.54313823880.4

    2810.2070.009140.0862441.1168651828.7-0.53387440.0004940.00106-0.53392533923.1

    2910.2160.009140.0862581.1896711885.9-0.52452390.0005040.00106-0.52449743966.3

    3010.2250.009140.0862581.2650831945.1-0.5149330.00051420.00106-0.51490694009.9

    3110.2340.009140.0862441.3431952006.3-0.50509720.00052450.00106-0.50515134054

    3210.2430.009140.0862441.4241072069.8-0.49500820.00053520.00106-0.49506334098.6

    3310.2520.009140.0862581.507922135.4-0.48465940.00054630.00106-0.48463084143.7

    3410.2620.009140.0862581.5945742203.1-0.47409610.00055750.00106-0.47406694189.3

    3510.2710.009140.0862581.6843292273.3-0.46325680.0005690.00106-0.46322884235.3

    3610.280.009140.0862581.7771112345.7-0.4521960.00058070.00106-0.45216564281.9

    3710.2890.009140.08622991.8732062420.6-0.4408430.00059250.00106-0.44099614329

    3810.2980.009140.0862581.9729422498.5-0.42913620.00060510.00106-0.42910454376.6

    3910.3070.009140.08622992.0760432578.9-0.41717790.00061760.00106-0.41733744424.8

    4010.3160.009140.08622992.1828382662.1-0.40490730.00063060.00106-0.40506844473.5

    4110.3260.009140.0862582.2937092748.7-0.39224450.00064430.00106-0.39221074522.7

    4210.3350.009140.08622992.4085792838.4-0.37924060.00065780.00106-0.37941054572.4

    4310.3440.009140.0862582.527872931.6-0.36582310.00067230.00106-0.3657884622.7

    4410.3530.009140.0862582.6514973028.3-0.35203930.00068690.00106-0.35200354673.6

    4510.3620.009140.08622992.7796253128.5-0.33787720.00070170.00106-0.33805854725

    4610.3710.009140.0862582.9124273232.4-0.32333120.00071730.00106-0.32329374777

    4710.380.009140.0862583.050413340.5-0.30830720.00073320.00106-0.3082694829.5

    4810.390.009140.08622993.1934673452.7-0.29286290.00074940.00106-0.29305654882.6

    4910.3990.009140.0862583.3417943569-0.27699120.00076640.00106-0.27695124936.3

    5010.4080.009140.08622993.4963613690.5-0.26050670.00078360.00106-0.26070934990.6

    5110.4170.009140.08622993.6562953816.2-0.24363980.00080150.00106-0.24384445045.5

    5210.4260.009140.0862583.8230283947.6-0.22611810.00082040.00106-0.22607525101

    5310.4350.009140.08622993.996484084.5-0.20799830.00083930.00106-0.20821525157.1

    5410.4440.009140.08622994.1774364227.5-0.18917260.00085920.00106-0.1893925213.9

    5510.44400.08622994.2782810-10.000880.00106-0.16982375271.2

    5610.44400.08622994.383650-10.00090170.00106-0.14937755329.2

    5710.44400.08622994.4937910-10.00092430.00106-0.12800535387.8

    5810.44400.08622994.6094990-10.00094810.00106-0.10555295447.1

    5910.44400.08622994.7305730-10.0009730.00106-0.0820595507

    6010.44400.08622994.8578930-10.00099920.00106-0.05735315567.6

    6110.44400.08622994.9918650-10.00102680.00106-0.03135675628.8

    6210.44400.08622995.1335320-10.00105590.00106-0.0038675690.7

    6310.44400.08622995.2847080-10.0010870.001060.02546765753.3

    6410.44400.08622995.4468180-10.00112030.001060.05692425816.6

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    Relative Wage

    PAAW Balances

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

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    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Change in PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

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    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

    00

    00

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    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Market Value of Accrued PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

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    00

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    Relative Wage

    Average Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

    00

    00

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    00

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    00

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    00

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    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

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    00

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    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    Relative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%

    Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%

    Age

    Relative PV of additional PAAWs and Relative PV of contributions due to earning 1% of the Economy's Average Wage

    00

    00

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    Present Value of Change in PAAWs

    Real Contributions

    Age

    PV of Change in PAAWs+Real Contributions

    00

    00

    00

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    00

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    Relative Wage

    Marginal Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

    AgeRelative WagePAAW BalancesChange in PAAWsAdditional PAAWs per Additional ContributionMarket Value of Accrued PAAWsPresent Value of Change in PAAWsAverage Match RateRelative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%Marginal Match RateReal Contributions

    200.79536180.020.24258840.09420570.00118440.001060.11739912858.9

    210.96127910.0450.024720.24259020.21225643981.90.1399140.00120830.001060.1399263493.2

    221.0792040.0730.027750.24258670.34959974611.20.1630080.00123280.001060.16300353964.8

    231.1642480.1030.029940.24257970.50306655130.60.18645060.00125760.001060.18641124324.3

    241.236310.1350.031790.24259370.67189395619.70.21049120.00128320.001060.21052244642.5

    251.3298790.1690.03420.24259370.85951946234.80.23489610.0013090.001060.2349275048.8

    261.3786190.1970.028170.0862581.0231635297.90.00123410.00047480.00106-0.5520495291.4

    271.4273230.210.013050.0862581.1128152530.7-0.54308860.00048440.00106-0.54306375538.6

    281.733470.2260.015850.0862581.2209063169.9-0.53387440.00049410.00106-0.53384936800.6

    291.7053040.2420.015590.0862441.3313473216-0.52452330.0005040.00106-0.52457496763.7

    301.8395440.2580.016820.0862581.4527833578-0.51493380.00051420.00106-0.51490697376.4

    311.8125950.2750.016570.0862581.577333636.7-0.50509740.00052460.00106-0.50507067348.3

    321.750660.2910.016010.0862581.7031973623.4-0.49500770.00053530.00106-0.4949817175.2

    331.6869890.3060.015420.0862581.8302573602.4-0.48465880.00054630.00106-0.48463086990.3

    341.7483670.3220.015990.0862581.9652373851.9-0.47409530.00055750.00106-0.47406697324.4

    351.9270040.340.017620.08622992.1153724380.6-0.46325770.00056880.00106-0.46340388161.5

    362.1016690.3590.019220.0862582.2810094929.8-0.45219540.00058070.00106-0.45216568999.2

    372.0577180.3780.018810.08622992.4502374980.9-0.44084380.00059250.00106-0.44099618907.9

    382.0894210.3970.01910.0862582.6279795220.4-0.42913590.00060510.00106-0.42910459144.7

    392.1271160.4170.019450.08628622.8144315485.5-0.41717980.0006180.00106-0.41695759412

    402.1537930.4360.019690.08622993.0095565733.7-0.40490550.00063060.00106-0.40506849634.9

    412.3670540.4580.021640.08622993.2260866506.3-0.39224430.0006440.00106-0.392408810705.4

    422.3690090.480.021660.0862583.4509846724.1-0.37924150.0006580.00106-0.379208110832.1

    432.3838860.5010.02180.0862583.6858396988.7-0.3658230.00067230.00106-0.36578811020

    442.3801660.5230.021760.08620183.9294297207.8-0.3520380.00068640.00106-0.352425911123.9

    452.4204950.5410.018340.04042994.1560666274.7-0.4513550.0003290.00106-0.689640811436.8

    462.4298320.5520.010410.04037374.329083681.7-0.68281040.00033570.00106-0.683262611607.2

    472.4430660.5620.010470.04037374.5091633825.5-0.6757690.00034320.00106-0.676230211798.8

    482.4896350.5730.010670.04042994.6973054029.3-0.66853120.00035130.00106-0.66854112155.9

    492.4217820.5830.010380.04042994.8897534051.6-0.66108890.00035920.00106-0.661100311954.7

    502.4023690.5940.01030.04042995.0894934155.9-0.65336320.00036740.00106-0.653374611989.3

    512.4080390.6040.010320.04042995.2960944307.7-0.6454550.00037580.00106-0.645467312149.8

    522.3802570.6140.01020.04042995.5103094404.5-0.63724260.00038450.00106-0.637254212141.8

    532.3333230.6240.010.04042995.7311324467.3-0.62875080.00039350.00106-0.628762112033.3

    542.2792910.6340.009770.04042995.9592064516.8-0.61992280.00040290.00106-0.619936611883.9

    552.3108230.640.006490.04042996.1655923109.5-0.74472580.00041260.00106-0.610761812180.9

    562.3371890.6460.00590.04042996.3756122924.5-0.76520350.00042280.00106-0.601175312455.4

    572.2942310.6520.005210.04048626.5884592676.5-0.78346880.0004340.00106-0.590586112360.9

    582.2511660.6560.004660.04037376.8064212483-0.79750750.00044390.00106-0.581210912262.3

    592.2040580.660.004150.04048627.0293512293.7-0.81102480.00045680.00106-0.569013712137.8

    602.1838310.6640.003660.04048627.258552101.4-0.82716890.00046910.00106-0.557413912158.7

    612.1474680.6670.00330.04042997.4957421965.6-0.83739080.00048140.00106-0.545839912087.7

    622.0984260.670.002880.04042997.7416941783.8-0.85062660.00049510.00106-0.53295111941.6

    632.0691690.6720.001640.04048627.9891531057.2-0.91119380.00051040.00106-0.518528411904.6

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    Relative Wage

    PAAW Balances

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    Change in PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

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    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Market Value of Accrued PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohore Average

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    Relative Wage

    Average Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

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    00

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    Relative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%

    Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%

    Age

    Relative PV of additional PAAWs and Relative PV of contributions due to earning 1% of the Economy's Average Wage

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    Present Value of Change in PAAWs

    Real Contributions

    Age

    PV of Change in PAAWs+Real Contributions

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    Relative Wage

    Marginal Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

    AgeRelative WagePAAW BalancesChange in PAAWsAdditional PAAWs per Additional ContributionMarket Value of Accrued PAAWsPresent Value of Change in PAAWsAverage Match RateRelative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%Marginal Match RateReal Contributions

    200.26512060.0070.2425880.03140190.00118440.001060.117397953

    210.32042640.0150.008240.24258670.07075221327.30.13991390.00120830.001060.13990961164.4

    220.35973470.0240.009250.24258490.11653321537.10.16300810.00123280.001060.16299511321.6

    230.38808250.0340.009980.24258670.16768881710.20.18644990.00125760.001060.18644551441.4

    240.41210330.0450.01060.24258670.22396471873.20.2104920.00128310.001060.21048741547.5

    250.44329310.0560.01140.24258670.28650652078.30.23489620.0013090.001060.23489121682.9

    260.45953950.0680.011820.24258670.353649122220.25979330.00133540.001060.25978931763.8

    270.47577450.080.012230.24259370.42555122372.50.28506310.00136220.001060.28509611846.2

    280.57782340.0950.014860.24258670.51442922971.80.31097830.00138960.001060.31097292266.9

    290.56843470.110.014620.24259370.60532630150.33727770.00141760.001060.33731212254.6

    300.61318150.1260.015770.24257970.70620763354.40.36425140.00144610.001060.36420572458.8

    310.60419830.1410.015540.24260780.80967263409.40.39191260.00147560.001060.39202932449.4

    320.58355320.1560.015010.24259370.914032833970.42028990.00150550.001060.42032482391.7

    330.56232950.1710.014460.24260781.019163377.30.44939660.00153650.001060.44951792330.1

    340.5827890.1860.014990.24259371.1314233611.20.47910710.00156790.001060.47914392441.5

    350.64233470.1960.010670.0862581.2211332652.9-0.02485860.0005690.00106-0.46322882720.5

    360.70055630.2030.006410.0862581.2869811643.3-0.45219540.00058070.00106-0.45216562999.7

    370.6859060.2090.006270.0862581.3543031660.3-0.44084430.00059270.00106-0.44081382969.3

    380.69647360.2150.006370.0862581.4248071740.1-0.42913550.00060510.00106-0.42910453048.2

    390.70903860.2220.006480.0862581.4984521828.5-0.41717840.00061780.00106-0.41714743137.3

    400.71793090.2280.006560.0862581.5752921911.2-0.40490730.00063080.00106-0.40487443211.6

    410.7890180.2360.007210.0862441.6596432168.8-0.39224270.00064420.00106-0.39230983568.5

    420.78966970.2430.007220.0862581.7471082241.4-0.37924320.0006580.00106-0.37920813610.7

    430.79462870.250.007270.0862581.8382942329.6-0.36582070.00067230.00106-0.3657883673.3

    440.79338860.2570.007250.0862581.9327432402.6-0.35203980.00068690.00106-0.35200353708

    450.80683160.2650.007380.08622992.0316062524.2-0.33787730.00070170.00106-0.33805853812.3

    460.80994380.2720.007410.08622992.134342618.1-0.32333120.00071710.00106-0.32351433869.1

    470.81435530.280.007450.08622992.2414372720.4-0.30830540.0007330.00106-0.30849443932.9

    480.82987820.2870.007590.0862582.3536812865.3-0.29286660.00074960.00106-0.2928264052

    490.80726090.2940.007380.0862582.4683852881.1-0.27698810.00076640.00106-0.27695123984.9

    500.80078970.3020.007320.08622992.5874272955.3-0.26050820.00078360.00106-0.26070933996.4

    510.80267970.3090.007340.0862582.7108053063.2-0.24364120.00080180.00106-0.24359794049.9

    520.79341910.3160.007250.08622992.8386893132.1-0.22611330.00082010.00106-0.22632744047.3

    530.77777420.3230.007110.0862582.970443176.8-0.20800380.00083960.00106-0.2079574011.1

    540.75976370.330.006950.0862583.1063573211.9-0.18917130.00085950.00106-0.18912763961.3

    550.77027420.3350.004620.0862583.225812211.2-0.4554130.00088030.00106-0.16955294060.3

    560.77906320.3390.004190.0862583.3466222079.6-0.49910040.0009020.00106-0.14910014151.8

    570.76474380.3430.00370.0862583.4681531903.3-0.53806540.00092460.00106-0.1277214120.3

    580.75038880.3460.003310.0862583.5918131765.7-0.56801960.00094840.00106-0.10526124087.4

    590.73468610.3490.002950.08622993.7175531631.1-0.5968450.0009730.00106-0.0820594045.9

    600.72794360.3520.00260.08622993.8460591494.3-0.63129330.00099920.00106-0.05735314052.9

    610.71582260.3540.002340.0862583.9784471397.7-0.6531080.00102710.00106-0.03104084029.2

    620.69947520.3560.002050.0862584.1149821268.5-0.68133630.00105620.00106-0.00354223980.5

    630.68972280.3570.001160.0862584.250013751.8-0.81054310.00108740.001060.02580193968.2

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    Relative Wage

    PAAW Balances

    Age

    Worker 3: 0.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    Change in PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 3: 0.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 3: 0.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    Market Value of Accrued PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 3: 0.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    Average Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 3: 0.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%

    Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%

    Age

    Relative PV of additional PAAWs and Relative PV of contributions due to earning 1% of the Economy's Average Wage

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    Present Value of Change in PAAWs

    Real Contributions

    Age

    PV of Change in PAAWs+Real Contributions

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    Relative Wage

    Marginal Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 3: 0.5 Cohort Average

    YearAgePresent Value of PaawPrSurvPrSurvRetAv.Wage IndexReal Av. Wage IndexMarket Value of PAAWZDiscount RateRetirement ProbabilityAv. Wage ExpectationChange in Discount RateChange in retirement probabilityChange in Av.Wage ExpectationChange in PVPaawContrib. Change in Discount RateContrib. Change in Retirement ProbabillityContrib. Change in Av. Wage ExpectationHigher Order TermsVerification

    200220156192.797.5579.6333909.5833909.64.606149880913.686270.2492587650.816299333756088.7580903226

    200321161090.497.4279.6334282342824.698979056113.686270.25673652790.817388626656087.7672860560.00747776290.0010892929-0.99080426664897.74691.9517747559214.6770349017-2.8457007318-6.16616281774897.6169461081

    200422166161.997.2879.6334659.134659.14.794178152313.686270.26443862380.818564967156087.7640495170.00770209580.0011763405-0.0032365395071.54839.6650183594238.7872769614-0.0095883524-6.95467658165071.4880303868

    200523171375.797.1579.6335040.3535040.44.890803187213.686270.27237178250.819660319156087.8439225610.00793315870.0010953520.0798730445213.84991.5324955879229.01802397180.2440514337-6.67785281555214.1167181778

    200624176771.897.0179.6335425.835425.84.989916953213.686270.2805429360.82084321256087.77362641670.00817115350.0011828929-0.07029614435396.15148.6916544826254.7405512357-0.2215522461-7.41286475465395.7977887176

    200725182319.396.8879.6335815.4835815.55.090513883713.686270.2889592240.821944673856087.79899594510.00841628810.00110146180.02536952845547.55310.2709271527244.32026840730.0824663258-7.11863354615547.5550283396

    200826188041.196.7579.6336209.4536209.45.193157025513.686270.29762800080.823049095656087.68979275120.00866877670.0011044218-0.10920319395721.85476.9176965536252.3256535812-0.3661170659-7.33815030625721.5390827628

    200927193922.996.6379.6336607.7536607.85.297310955613.686270.30655684080.824071199456087.83779632230.008928840.00102210380.14800357115881.85648.2456895014240.52477768210.5117207714-7.02109674375882.2610912112

    201028200009.796.579.6337010.4437010.45.404148563613.686270.3157535460.825181347256087.70777002360.00919670520.0011101477-0.13002629876086.85825.5168617945269.0802400201-0.4636752797-7.8231778086086.3102487268

    201129206266.596.3879.6337417.5537417.65.512552916313.686270.32522615240.82620875756087.83608180120.00947260640.00102740990.12831177766256.86007.7668926951256.49740515960.4718749032-7.48511183436257.2510609237

    201230212741.496.2579.6337829.1437829.15.623749970313.686270.33498293690.827324675356087.69730481550.00975678460.0011159183-0.13877698566474.96196.3423860009286.9510429154-0.5263822267-8.3417765266474.4252701636

    201331219442.896.1179.6338245.2738245.35.737771700113.686270.34503242510.828529809656087.81448042610.01004948810.00120513430.11717561056701.46391.5427805209319.18977279690.4584483115-9.31078977396701.8802118555

    201432226379.495.9679.6338665.96386665.85474059913.686270.35538339780.829824927156087.81694639850.01035097280.00129511750.00246597246936.66593.5800307762353.31325729370.009953067-10.29098237356936.6122587634

    201533233560.295.879.6339091.2939091.35.974736066613.686270.36604489970.831210855956087.77964187620.01066150190.0013859289-0.03730452227180.86802.7255166305389.4293334517-0.1553431661-11.33782591787180.6616809982

    201634240969.595.6479.6339521.2939521.36.097205810513.686270.37702624670.83260142256087.77353940930.0109813470.001390566-0.00610246697409.37018.5284880214402.4542431544-0.0262179826-11.72116210427409.2353510891

    201735248640.595.4779.6339956.03399566.222857643413.686270.38833703410.834084005456087.72539122180.01131078740.0014825834-0.048148187576717241.9506966925441.9578861672-0.2134438518-12.86597463427670.8291643737

    201836256556.695.379.6340395.5540395.56.351118317613.686270.39998714520.835571878356087.70317579550.0116501110.0014878728-0.02221542627916.17472.5122973806456.8405095043-0.1016177566-13.30289884017915.9482902882

    201937264753.395.1279.6340839.8940839.96.482711759813.686270.41198675950.837153069856087.77115697750.01199961440.00158119150.06798118198196.77711.261812778500.05874084960.320894259-14.57475257238197.0666953144

    202038273270.594.9279.6341289.1441289.16.618465890513.686270.42434636230.838916982756087.71831464760.01235960280.0017639129-0.05284232998517.27959.3275237703574.579993656-0.2574580828-16.72731527578516.9227440678

    202139282062.994.7279.6341743.3241743.36.757081974813.686270.43707675320.840688344656087.74505297750.01273039090.00177136190.02673832998792.48215.4214588487594.31690564780.1344658853-17.314392698792.5584376918

    202240291170.494.5179.6342202.4942202.56.899363781813.686270.45018905580.842556343256087.77655064480.01311230260.00186799860.03149766739107.58480.6910624287645.54246790660.1635149178-18.80732233719107.589722916

    202341300637.294.2879.6342666.7242666.77.046178870213.686270.46369472740.844611794756087.74040037160.01350567170.0020554514-0.03615027329466.88756.4158207885731.6315409109-0.1937697534-21.30355492799466.5500370182

    202442310446.594.0479.6343136.0543136.17.19690699913.686270.47760556930.84676733356087.82660711970.01391084180.00215553840.0862067489809.39042.1399089111790.27612271350.4771554006-23.03282814999809.8603588753

    202543320646.493.7879.6343610.5543610.67.352487697913.686270.49193373630.849114949956087.83033682550.01432816710.00234761680.003729705810199.99339.2256385773886.51801574190.0213222374-25.821591350210199.9433852065

    202644331219.493.5179.6344090.2744090.37.512296355413.686270.50669174840.851566677456087.80921976270.01475801210.0024517275-0.0211170628105739647.1737584638953.6073868731-0.124704207-27.770991695910572.885449434

    202745342180.693.2379.6344575.2644575.37.676462076513.686270.52189250090.854124208956087.817650180.01520075250.00255753160.008430417310961.29966.43327641141024.60319998470.0514323374-29.844459199210961.2434495342

    202846353545.892.9479.6345065.5945065.67.845136867113.686270.53754927590.856789326456087.78242854210.0156567750.0026651175-0.035221637811365.210297.45094245451099.7349195578-0.2220173832-32.023977146511364.9398674827

    202947365370.892.6379.6345561.3145561.38.01932341713.686270.55367575420.859656698756087.75583809090.01612647830.0028673722-0.02659045121182510641.86522698711218.6886044678-0.1732173413-35.490178495111824.8904356185

    203048377636.592.3179.6346062.4846062.58.198350067813.686270.57028602680.862636767456087.78713157540.01661027260.00298006870.031293484512265.710999.1249241191304.58511460990.210697665-38.004468199312265.9162681946

    203149390361.191.9879.6346569.1746569.28.382387930213.686270.58739460760.865731680856087.80218653720.01710858080.00309491340.015054961812724.611369.74754409891395.50687547010.1047799115-40.649246835212724.7099526453

    203250403651.891.6279.6347081.4347081.48.573487619313.686270.60501644580.86913337756087.72927942240.01762183820.0034016962-0.072907114713290.711756.8397762761579.8493110978-0.5246970509-45.997752245213290.1666380776

    203351417401.591.2679.6347599.3347599.38.769068032513.686270.62316693920.87256191156087.73469974540.01815049340.0034285340.00542032313749.712157.31555261211640.08317212710.0403376808-47.770741545613749.6683208744

    203452431768.790.8779.6348122.9248122.98.972208657413.686270.64186194740.876306811956087.7436741760.01869500820.00374490090.008974430614367.212575.77967097041845.16425371790.0690859644-53.744947019114367.2680636336

    203553446737.490.4679.6348652.2748652.39.182246265813.686270.66111780580.880278576256087.79912526750.01925585840.00397176420.055451091514968.713011.77421341372015.65322267150.4416662247-58.723145085914969.1459572241

    203654462388.690.0279.6349187.4549187.49.400549734313.686270.680951340.884581204256087.71326171690.01983353420.004302628-0.085863550615651.213467.61377734442249.0686726702-0.7078605882-65.482894474315650.4916949522

    203755478759.989.5579.6349728.5149728.59.627475190313.686270.70137988020.889223897356087.75679786650.02042854020.00464269310.043536149516371.313944.45783677792499.63416973420.3716204018-72.817586366216371.6460405476

    203856495947.289.0479.6350275.5250275.59.864590108513.686270.72242127660.894317160856087.74173716070.02104139640.0050932636-0.015060705817187.314445.05435640472824.4880154175-0.1331718768-82.262026090717187.1471738547

    203957514000.588.4979.6350828.5550828.610.11242686213.686270.74409391490.899875692256087.81842830270.02167263830.00555853130.07669114218053.314970.90157655823174.98343183610.702814288-92.499930744618054.0878919376

    204058533034.887.8979.6351387.6751387.710.372809057413.686270.76641673230.906018887256087.80249293460.02232281740.0061431951-0.015935368119034.315525.29235687053614.205249763-0.1514430798-105.262706166719034.083457387

    204159553053.187.2579.6351952.9351952.910.645278704413.686270.78940923430.912664756456087.73264358450.0229925020.0066458692-0.069849350120018.299999999916108.32932161664027.2350623164-0.6887489592-117.273178687620017.6024562862

    204260574185.586.5679.6352524.4152524.410.93178598913.686270.81309151130.919939926156087.75197152180.0236822770.00727516960.019327937321132.416723.84223846264540.83464331430.1978652403-132.264601976921132.6101450403

    204361596510.685.8279.6353102.1853102.211.233255872613.686270.83748425670.927872290856087.78534818070.02439274530.00793236480.033376658922325.117374.09863639815099.56022052640.3549709569-148.544165422622325.4696624588

    204462620187.385.0279.6353686.353686.311.552058905213.686270.86260878440.936603152256087.76006568230.02512452770.0087308614-0.025282498423676.700000000118063.70038871175781.2821876401-0.2795597112-168.376187211623676.326829429

    204563645473.884.1479.6354276.8654276.911.89223776613.686270.88848704790.94639885956087.81245725390.02587826350.00979570680.052391571625286.518800.22057124786680.98483720660.6029368654-194.615411576425287.1929337434

    204664672591.983.1779.6354873.954873.912.257045699313.686270.91514165940.957436575756087.76554190.02665461140.0110377166-0.046915353927118.119590.05305731937753.910945871-0.562598332-225.819383072627117.5820217858

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    Present Value of Paaw

    Year

    Present Value of PAAW

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    Market Value of PAAW

    Year

    Market Value of one PAAW(under risk neutrality, measured in average wage units)

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    Change in PVPaaw

    Contrib. Change in Discount Rate

    Contrib. Change in Retirement Probabillity

    Contrib. Change in Av. Wage Expectation

    Higher Order Terms

    Year

    Change in Present Value of PAAW Decomposition

    Chart16

    0.53024120.2425876

    0.64085270.2425884

    0.71946940.2425867

    0.7761650.2425867

    0.82420650.2425867

    0.88658610.2425726

    0.91907910.2425937

    0.95154890.2426078

    1.1556470.2426078

    1.1368690.086258

    1.2263630.086258

    1.2083970.086258

    1.1671060.086258

    1.1246590.086258

    1.1655780.086258

    1.2846690.086258

    1.4011130.086258

    1.3718120.0862862

    1.3929470.0862299

    1.4180770.086258

    1.4358620.086258

    1.5780360.086258

    1.5793390.0862862

    1.5892570.0862299

    1.5867770.0862299

    1.6136630.0862299

    1.6198880.0862299

    1.6287110.0862862

    1.6597560.086258

    1.6145220.086258

    1.6015790.086258

    1.6053590.0862862

    1.5868380.0862018

    1.5555480.0863143

    1.5195270.0863143

    1.5405480.0404299

    1.5581260.0404299

    1.5294880.0404299

    1.5007780.0404299

    1.4693720.0404299

    1.4558870.0404299

    1.4316450.0404299

    1.398950.0403737

    1.3794460.0404299

    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    Cohort Average

    AgeRelative WagePAAW BalancesChange in PAAWsAdditional PAAWs per Additional ContributionMarket Value of Accrued PAAWsPresent Value of Change in PAAWsAverage Match RateRelative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%Marginal Match RateReal Contributions

    200.53024120.0140.24258760.06280380.00118440.001060.1173951905.9

    210.64085270.030.016480.24258840.14150432654.60.13991390.00120830.001060.13991782328.8

    220.71946940.0490.01850.24258670.23306653074.10.16300810.00123280.001060.16300352643.2

    230.7761650.0690.019960.24258670.33537763420.40.18644990.00125760.001060.18644552882.9

    240.82420650.090.021190.24258670.44792933746.50.2104920.00128310.001060.21048743095

    250.88658610.1130.02280.24257260.5730134156.50.23489620.00130890.001060.23481973365.9

    260.91907910.1360.023630.24259370.70729824444.10.25979330.00133540.001060.25982583527.6

    270.95154890.1610.024470.24260780.851102547450.28506310.00136230.001060.28517063692.4

    281.1556470.190.029720.24260781.0288585943.60.31097830.00138980.001060.31108684533.7

    291.1368690.2020.012090.0862581.116122492.8-0.44716650.0005040.00106-0.52449744509.1

    301.2263630.2140.011210.0862581.2016872385.4-0.51493290.00051420.00106-0.51490694917.6

    311.2083970.2250.011050.0862581.2894472424.4-0.50509740.00052460.00106-0.50507064898.8

    321.1671060.2350.010670.0862581.3782072415.6-0.49500820.00053530.00106-0.4949814783.5

    331.1246590.2460.010280.0862581.4678892401.6-0.4846590.00054630.00106-0.48463084660.2

    341.1655780.2560.010660.0862581.5629532567.9-0.47409530.00055750.00106-0.47406694882.9

    351.2846690.2680.011750.0862581.6682532920.4-0.46325820.0005690.00106-0.46322885441

    361.4011130.2810.012810.0862581.7839953286.5-0.45219540.00058070.00106-0.45216565999.5

    371.3718120.2930.012540.08628621.902273320.6-0.44084430.00059290.00106-0.44063155938.6

    381.3929470.3060.012740.08622992.0263933480.2-0.42913420.0006050.00106-0.42929066096.4

    391.4180770.3190.012970.0862582.1564423657-0.41717980.00061780.00106-0.41714746274.7

    401.4358620.3320.013130.0862582.2924243822.4-0.40490730.00063080.00106-0.40487446423.3

    411.5780360.3470.014430.0862582.4428654337.5-0.39224270.00064430.00106-0.39221077136.9

    421.5793390.3610.014440.08628622.5990464482.7-0.37924320.00065830.00106-0.37900587221.4

    431.5892570.3760.014530.08622992.7620674659.1-0.36582070.0006720.00106-0.36599477346.7

    441.5867770.390.014510.08622992.9310864805.2-0.35203840.00068670.00106-0.35221477415.9

    451.6136630.4050.014750.08622993.1083945048.4-0.33787860.00070170.00106-0.33805857624.5

    461.6198880.420.014810.08622993.2928825236.2-0.32332980.00071710.00106-0.32351437738.1

    471.6287110.4350.014890.08628623.4854095440.7-0.30830820.00073350.00106-0.30804357865.9

    481.6597560.450.015170.0862583.687635730.6-0.29286380.00074960.00106-0.2928268104

    491.6145220.4650.014760.0862583.8941475762.3-0.27698950.00076640.00106-0.27695127969.8

    501.6015790.4790.014640.0862584.1084615910.7-0.26050820.00078390.00106-0.26046827992.9

    511.6053590.4940.014680.08628624.3308926126.4-0.24364120.0008020.00106-0.24335148099.9

    521.5868380.5080.014510.08620184.5613926264.2-0.22611330.00081980.00106-0.22657978094.5

    531.5555480.5230.014220.08631434.7987696353.5-0.20800380.00084010.00106-0.20744068022.2

    541.5195270.5370.013890.08631435.0434516423.9-0.18917130.00086010.00106-0.18859917922.6

    551.5405480.5420.005150.04042995.2148172467.3-0.69616590.00041260.00106-0.61076188120.6

    561.5581260.5460.003930.04042995.382031949.7-0.76520350.00042280.00106-0.60117538303.6

    571.5294880.5490.003470.04042995.5523611784.3-0.78346880.00043340.00106-0.59115488240.6

    581.5007780.5520.003110.04042995.7275391655.4-0.79750750.00044450.00106-0.58062778174.9

    591.4693720.5550.002760.04042995.9074141529.2-0.81102070.00045620.00106-0.56961238091.8

    601.4558870.5570.002440.04042996.0930811400.9-0.82716890.00046850.00106-0.55802868105.8

    611.4316450.560.00220.04042996.2857921310.3-0.83739670.00048140.00106-0.54583998058.5

    621.398950.5610.001920.04037376.4863311189.2-0.85062350.00049440.00106-0.53360067961.1

    631.3794460.5630.001090.04042996.690329704.8-0.91119540.00050970.00106-0.51919717936.4

    Cohort Average

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    &A

    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    PAAW Balances

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    Economy Average

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    &A

    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Change in PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    1.5x Cohort Average

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    &A

    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    0.5x Cohort Average

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    &A

    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Market Value of Accrued PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    PAAW Price

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    &A

    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Average Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

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    Relative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%

    Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%

    Age

    Relative PV of additional PAAWs and Relative PV of contributions due to earning 1% of the Economy's Average Wage

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    Present Value of Change in PAAWs

    Real Contributions

    Age

    PV of Change in PAAWs+Real Contributions

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    &A

    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Marginal Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 2: Cohort Average

    AgeRelative WagePAAW BalancesChange in PAAWsAdditional PAAWs per Additional ContributionMarket Value of Accrued PAAWsPresent Value of Change in PAAWsAverage Match RateRelative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%Marginal Match RateReal Contributions

    2010.0260.24259020.11844390.00118450.001060.11740733594.4

    2110.0510.025710.24258670.24166174142.30.13991390.00120830.001060.13990963633.9

    2210.0770.025710.24258670.36983654272.70.1630080.00123280.001060.16300353673.9

    2310.1030.025710.24259370.50305494406.80.18645010.00125770.001060.186483714.3

    2410.1290.025710.24259370.64156074545.60.21049230.00128320.001060.21052243755.1

    2510.1540.025710.24259370.78539384688.20.23489560.0013090.001060.2349273796.4

    2610.180.025710.24257970.93476714835.30.25979440.00133530.001060.25975283838.2

    2710.1980.017530.0862441.0463553398.6-0.12417320.00048430.00106-0.54313823880.4

    2810.2070.009140.0862441.1168651828.7-0.53387440.0004940.00106-0.53392533923.1

    2910.2160.009140.0862581.1896711885.9-0.52452390.0005040.00106-0.52449743966.3

    3010.2250.009140.0862581.2650831945.1-0.5149330.00051420.00106-0.51490694009.9

    3110.2340.009140.0862441.3431952006.3-0.50509720.00052450.00106-0.50515134054

    3210.2430.009140.0862441.4241072069.8-0.49500820.00053520.00106-0.49506334098.6

    3310.2520.009140.0862581.507922135.4-0.48465940.00054630.00106-0.48463084143.7

    3410.2620.009140.0862581.5945742203.1-0.47409610.00055750.00106-0.47406694189.3

    3510.2710.009140.0862581.6843292273.3-0.46325680.0005690.00106-0.46322884235.3

    3610.280.009140.0862581.7771112345.7-0.4521960.00058070.00106-0.45216564281.9

    3710.2890.009140.08622991.8732062420.6-0.4408430.00059250.00106-0.44099614329

    3810.2980.009140.0862581.9729422498.5-0.42913620.00060510.00106-0.42910454376.6

    3910.3070.009140.08622992.0760432578.9-0.41717790.00061760.00106-0.41733744424.8

    4010.3160.009140.08622992.1828382662.1-0.40490730.00063060.00106-0.40506844473.5

    4110.3260.009140.0862582.2937092748.7-0.39224450.00064430.00106-0.39221074522.7

    4210.3350.009140.08622992.4085792838.4-0.37924060.00065780.00106-0.37941054572.4

    4310.3440.009140.0862582.527872931.6-0.36582310.00067230.00106-0.3657884622.7

    4410.3530.009140.0862582.6514973028.3-0.35203930.00068690.00106-0.35200354673.6

    4510.3620.009140.08622992.7796253128.5-0.33787720.00070170.00106-0.33805854725

    4610.3710.009140.0862582.9124273232.4-0.32333120.00071730.00106-0.32329374777

    4710.380.009140.0862583.050413340.5-0.30830720.00073320.00106-0.3082694829.5

    4810.390.009140.08622993.1934673452.7-0.29286290.00074940.00106-0.29305654882.6

    4910.3990.009140.0862583.3417943569-0.27699120.00076640.00106-0.27695124936.3

    5010.4080.009140.08622993.4963613690.5-0.26050670.00078360.00106-0.26070934990.6

    5110.4170.009140.08622993.6562953816.2-0.24363980.00080150.00106-0.24384445045.5

    5210.4260.009140.0862583.8230283947.6-0.22611810.00082040.00106-0.22607525101

    5310.4350.009140.08622993.996484084.5-0.20799830.00083930.00106-0.20821525157.1

    5410.4440.009140.08622994.1774364227.5-0.18917260.00085920.00106-0.1893925213.9

    5510.44400.08622994.2782810-10.000880.00106-0.16982375271.2

    5610.44400.08622994.383650-10.00090170.00106-0.14937755329.2

    5710.44400.08622994.4937910-10.00092430.00106-0.12800535387.8

    5810.44400.08622994.6094990-10.00094810.00106-0.10555295447.1

    5910.44400.08622994.7305730-10.0009730.00106-0.0820595507

    6010.44400.08622994.8578930-10.00099920.00106-0.05735315567.6

    6110.44400.08622994.9918650-10.00102680.00106-0.03135675628.8

    6210.44400.08622995.1335320-10.00105590.00106-0.0038675690.7

    6310.44400.08622995.2847080-10.0010870.001060.02546765753.3

    6410.44400.08622995.4468180-10.00112030.001060.05692425816.6

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    Relative Wage

    PAAW Balances

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

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    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Change in PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

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    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

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    Relative Wage

    Market Value of Accrued PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

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    Relative Wage

    Average Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

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    Relative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%

    Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%

    Age

    Relative PV of additional PAAWs and Relative PV of contributions due to earning 1% of the Economy's Average Wage

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    Present Value of Change in PAAWs

    Real Contributions

    Age

    PV of Change in PAAWs+Real Contributions

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    Relative Wage

    Marginal Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 1: Economy Average

    AgeRelative WagePAAW BalancesChange in PAAWsAdditional PAAWs per Additional ContributionMarket Value of Accrued PAAWsPresent Value of Change in PAAWsAverage Match RateRelative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%Marginal Match RateReal Contributions

    200.79536180.020.24258840.09420570.00118440.001060.11739912858.9

    210.96127910.0450.024720.24259020.21225643981.90.1399140.00120830.001060.1399263493.2

    221.0792040.0730.027750.24258670.34959974611.20.1630080.00123280.001060.16300353964.8

    231.1642480.1030.029940.24257970.50306655130.60.18645060.00125760.001060.18641124324.3

    241.236310.1350.031790.24259370.67189395619.70.21049120.00128320.001060.21052244642.5

    251.3298790.1690.03420.24259370.85951946234.80.23489610.0013090.001060.2349275048.8

    261.3786190.1970.028170.0862581.0231635297.90.00123410.00047480.00106-0.5520495291.4

    271.4273230.210.013050.0862581.1128152530.7-0.54308860.00048440.00106-0.54306375538.6

    281.733470.2260.015850.0862581.2209063169.9-0.53387440.00049410.00106-0.53384936800.6

    291.7053040.2420.015590.0862441.3313473216-0.52452330.0005040.00106-0.52457496763.7

    301.8395440.2580.016820.0862581.4527833578-0.51493380.00051420.00106-0.51490697376.4

    311.8125950.2750.016570.0862581.577333636.7-0.50509740.00052460.00106-0.50507067348.3

    321.750660.2910.016010.0862581.7031973623.4-0.49500770.00053530.00106-0.4949817175.2

    331.6869890.3060.015420.0862581.8302573602.4-0.48465880.00054630.00106-0.48463086990.3

    341.7483670.3220.015990.0862581.9652373851.9-0.47409530.00055750.00106-0.47406697324.4

    351.9270040.340.017620.08622992.1153724380.6-0.46325770.00056880.00106-0.46340388161.5

    362.1016690.3590.019220.0862582.2810094929.8-0.45219540.00058070.00106-0.45216568999.2

    372.0577180.3780.018810.08622992.4502374980.9-0.44084380.00059250.00106-0.44099618907.9

    382.0894210.3970.01910.0862582.6279795220.4-0.42913590.00060510.00106-0.42910459144.7

    392.1271160.4170.019450.08628622.8144315485.5-0.41717980.0006180.00106-0.41695759412

    402.1537930.4360.019690.08622993.0095565733.7-0.40490550.00063060.00106-0.40506849634.9

    412.3670540.4580.021640.08622993.2260866506.3-0.39224430.0006440.00106-0.392408810705.4

    422.3690090.480.021660.0862583.4509846724.1-0.37924150.0006580.00106-0.379208110832.1

    432.3838860.5010.02180.0862583.6858396988.7-0.3658230.00067230.00106-0.36578811020

    442.3801660.5230.021760.08620183.9294297207.8-0.3520380.00068640.00106-0.352425911123.9

    452.4204950.5410.018340.04042994.1560666274.7-0.4513550.0003290.00106-0.689640811436.8

    462.4298320.5520.010410.04037374.329083681.7-0.68281040.00033570.00106-0.683262611607.2

    472.4430660.5620.010470.04037374.5091633825.5-0.6757690.00034320.00106-0.676230211798.8

    482.4896350.5730.010670.04042994.6973054029.3-0.66853120.00035130.00106-0.66854112155.9

    492.4217820.5830.010380.04042994.8897534051.6-0.66108890.00035920.00106-0.661100311954.7

    502.4023690.5940.01030.04042995.0894934155.9-0.65336320.00036740.00106-0.653374611989.3

    512.4080390.6040.010320.04042995.2960944307.7-0.6454550.00037580.00106-0.645467312149.8

    522.3802570.6140.01020.04042995.5103094404.5-0.63724260.00038450.00106-0.637254212141.8

    532.3333230.6240.010.04042995.7311324467.3-0.62875080.00039350.00106-0.628762112033.3

    542.2792910.6340.009770.04042995.9592064516.8-0.61992280.00040290.00106-0.619936611883.9

    552.3108230.640.006490.04042996.1655923109.5-0.74472580.00041260.00106-0.610761812180.9

    562.3371890.6460.00590.04042996.3756122924.5-0.76520350.00042280.00106-0.601175312455.4

    572.2942310.6520.005210.04048626.5884592676.5-0.78346880.0004340.00106-0.590586112360.9

    582.2511660.6560.004660.04037376.8064212483-0.79750750.00044390.00106-0.581210912262.3

    592.2040580.660.004150.04048627.0293512293.7-0.81102480.00045680.00106-0.569013712137.8

    602.1838310.6640.003660.04048627.258552101.4-0.82716890.00046910.00106-0.557413912158.7

    612.1474680.6670.00330.04042997.4957421965.6-0.83739080.00048140.00106-0.545839912087.7

    622.0984260.670.002880.04042997.7416941783.8-0.85062660.00049510.00106-0.53295111941.6

    632.0691690.6720.001640.04048627.9891531057.2-0.91119380.00051040.00106-0.518528411904.6

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    Relative Wage

    PAAW Balances

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

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    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Change in PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

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    Page &P

    Relative Wage

    Additional PAAWs per Additional Contribution

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative Wage

    Market Value of Accrued PAAWs

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohore Average

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    Relative Wage

    Average Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

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    Relative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%

    Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%

    Age

    Relative PV of additional PAAWs and Relative PV of contributions due to earning 1% of the Economy's Average Wage

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    Present Value of Change in PAAWs

    Real Contributions

    Age

    PV of Change in PAAWs+Real Contributions

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    00

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    Relative Wage

    Marginal Match Rate

    Age

    Worker 4: 1.5 Cohort Average

    AgeRelative WagePAAW BalancesChange in PAAWsAdditional PAAWs per Additional ContributionMarket Value of Accrued PAAWsPresent Value of Change in PAAWsAverage Match RateRelative PV of Additional PAAWs due to 1%Relative PV of Additional Contribution due to 1%Marginal Match RateReal Contributions

    200.26512060.0070.2425880.03140190.00118440.001060.117397953

    210.32042640.0150.008240.24258670.07075221327.30.13991390.00120830.001060.13990961164.4

    220.35973470.0240.009250.24258490.11653321537.10.16300810.00123280.001060.16299511321.6

    230.38808250.0340.009980.24258670.16768881710.20.18644990.00125760.001060.18644551441.4

    240.41210330.0450.01060.24258670.22396471873.20.2104920.00128310.001060.21048741547.5

    250.44329310.0560.01140.24258670.28650652078.30.23489620.0013090.001060.23489121682.9

    260.45953950.0680.011820.24258670.353649122220.25979330.00133540.001060.25978931763.8

    270.47577450.080.012230.24259370.42555122372.50.28506310.00136220.001060.28509611846.2

    280.57782340.0950.014860.24258670.51442922971.80.31097830.00138960.001060.31097292266.9

    290.56843470.110.014620.24259370.60532630150.33727770.00141760.001060.33731212254.6

    300.61318150.1260.015770.24257970.70620763354.40.36425140.00144610.001060.36420572458.8

    310.60419830.1410.015540.24260780.80967263409.40.39191260.00147560.001060.39202932449.4

    320.58355320.1560.015010.24259370.914032833970.42028990.00150550.001060.42032482391.7

    330.56232950.1710.014460.24260781.019163377.30.44939660.00153650.001060.44951792330.1

    340.58