reflections on ethos and culture john macbeath university of cambridge
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE
JOHN MACBEATH
University of Cambridge
![Page 2: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ETHOS
CULTURE
![Page 3: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ETHOS
CULTURE AND
STRUCTURE
![Page 4: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PISA The learning Environment and the
organisation of Schooling (2003)
% of variance in performance explained by ethos and socio-economic factors
Ireland
US
UK
Finland
0 10050
![Page 5: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Concealed works
Smoke alarms
AntI-truancy illuminated panels
Hand driers
Television camera
Full length walls and doors
![Page 7: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AN ETHOS
OF ACHIEVEMENT
A CULTURE OF LEARNING
![Page 8: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
pupil learning
Professional learning
System learning
THE LEARNING WEDDING CAKE
![Page 9: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HOW GOOD IS OUR ETHOS?
Learning A Culture of learning
What do we know?
What do we not know?
What would we like to know?
How might we find out?
![Page 10: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Imagine yourself on a ship sailing across an unknown sea,
to an unknown destination. An adult would be desperate
to know where he is going. But a child only knows he is
going to school...The chart is neither available nor
understandable to him... Very quickly, the daily life on
board ship becomes all important ... The daily chores, the
demands, the inspections, become the reality, not the
voyage, nor the destination.
(Mary Alice White, 1971)
DOING SCHOOL
![Page 11: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson
Copyright 1993 Watterson/ Distributed by Universal Press Syndicate
![Page 12: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
‘Children come to school with a hundred languages and leave with one.”
The Carpe Vitam Project, 2002
TAMING THE WILD…..
…AND WILDING THE TAME
![Page 13: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
THE HOLE IN THE WALL
Research papers by Sugata Mitra on MIE
![Page 14: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pavan at a Madangir kiosk with his goat
![Page 15: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Girl in village Kalse, Sindhudurg district, and her painting after 3
hours of seeing a computer for the first time.
![Page 16: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Intelligence is knowing what to do when you don’t know what to do
Jean Piaget
![Page 17: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CONFIDENT UNCERTAINTY
Learning starts from the joint acknowledgement of
inadequacy and ignorance…There is no other place
for learning to start. An effective learner, or
learning culture, is one that is not afraid to admit
this perception, and also possesses some confidence
in its ability to grow in understanding and
expertise, so that perplexity is transformed into
mastery… (Claxton, 2000)
![Page 18: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
How do you tell when you're out of invisible ink?
If Barbie is so popular, why do you have to buy her friends?
What happens if you get scared half to death twice?
Why do psychics have to ask you for your name?
Why do kamikaze pilots wear helmets?
OK, so what's the speed of dark?
CONFIDENT UNCERTAINTY
![Page 19: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
“Neurons connect parts of our brains with one another but no cables made of neurons drape from person to person. We talk about ideas. We share insights. We pool recollections.” (Perkins, 2004 p.22)
DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE
![Page 20: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Delivering the curriculum
Discussing purposes and objectives of
learning
Pupils devising indicators of achievement
Pupils as assessors their own and others’
work
Pupils as determiners of learning
Pupils as learning partners
DEVELOPING A LEARNING CULTURE
![Page 21: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Social bonding
• Social bridging
• Social linking
Social Capital
![Page 22: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Warum muss Ich in die Schule gehen?
“In school you meet people from different from yourself from different backgrounds, children you can observe, talk to, ask questions, for example someone from Turkey or Vietnam, a devout Catholic or an out and out atheist, boys and girls, a mathematical whiz kid, a child in a wheelchair... I believe whole heartedly that the open school is there first and foremost to bring young people together and to help them to learn to live in a way that our political society so badly needs.”
(Von Hentig, p.47)
![Page 23: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Human capital
![Page 24: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Making learning an
object of attention
Making learning an
object of
conversation
Making learning an
object of reflection
Making learning an
object of learning
A CULTURE OF LEARNING
![Page 25: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The force field
A culture
of learning
![Page 26: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
TOXINS
• ideas rejected or stolen
• constant carping criticisms
• being ignored
• being judged
• being overdirected
• not being listened to
• being misunderstood
Southworth, 2000
![Page 27: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
NUTRIENTS
• being valued
• being encouraged
• being noticed
• being trusted
• being listened to
• being respected
Southworth, 2000
![Page 28: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
“Somehow educators have forgotten the important connection between teachers and students. We listen to outside experts to inform us, and, consequently overlook the treasure in our very own backyards – the students.”
(Soo Hoo, 1993, p. 389)
THE TREASURE WITHIN
![Page 29: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pupil representatives at staff meetings
Pupils graffiti board in staffroom
Pupils produce learning, assessment, careers booklets
Pupil representatives in staff meetings
Pupils on staff selection and appointment panels
Pupils on inspection teams
Headteacher parliamentary questions
The Bubble Box
Tuning in to the secret harmonies
![Page 30: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
manipulation
decoration
participation
consultation
Adults decide. Inform pupils.
Pupils decide. Adults support.
Adults and pupils decide together
Adults consult pupils then decide.
Adults use pupils as decoration
Adults consult and take pupil views into account.
The ladder of participation
(from Shultz in Democratic Learning, MacBeath and Moos.)
![Page 31: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
A GLOBAL MOVEMENT
Government intervention
Local school management
![Page 32: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
A GLOBAL MOVEMENT
Government intervention
School autonomy, school choice
Intermediate support and moderation?
![Page 33: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A GLOBAL MOVEMENT
Government: provider and quality assurer
School: compliance and subversion
The accountability improvement interface
![Page 34: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• The Manufactured crisis
• The improvement illusion
• The magnificent myth
• The post truth political environment
LIFE IN A PSEUDO ENVIRONMENT
![Page 35: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The improvement illusion
“Nine and a half our days, class on Saturday, school during the summer and two hours of homework each night are non-negotiable...”If you’re off the bus you’re working” says Feinberg...... Each morning students receive a worksheet of maths, logic and word problems for them to solve in the free minutes that appear during the day.”
Teachers carry cell phones with toll free numbers and are on call 24 hours a day to answer any concerns their students might have. “Ten calls a night may sound like a drag”, says Feinberg,” but everyone goes to bed ready for the next school day.” (No Excuses, Lessons from High Performing Schools)
![Page 36: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
‘In the 70s and 80s nobody was interested in achievement in schools’. (ht secondary school)
‘Not long ago there was a time when teachers took no responsibility for children’s learning at all. They had no expectation of them at all.’ (primary ht)
‘Look at any school mission statement and you will find an inverse correlation between achievement and caring’
HOW MYTHS GAIN INERTIA
![Page 37: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
PISA The learning Environment and the
organisation of Schooling (2003)
% of variance in performance explained by ethos and socio-economic factors
Ireland
US
UK
Finland
0 10050
![Page 38: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
GREEDY WORK
The task of leading a school in the twenty first century can no longer be carried out by the heroic individual leader single handedly turning schools around. It is greedy work, all consuming, demanding unrelenting peak performance from superleaders and no longer a sustainable notion.
Peter Gronn, The New Work of Educational Leaders: Changing Leadership Practice in an Era of School Reform, 2003
![Page 39: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
THE POST TRUTH POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
Public opinion is shaped in response to people's maps or images of the world, and not to the world itself.
Mass political consciousness does not pertain to the actual environment but to an intermediary pseudo-environment.
When deals must be struck and compromises made on behalf of large purposes, Presidents tend to prefer deception over education.
Eric Alterman, The Nation 2004
![Page 40: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
LET PUPILS HIRE THEIR TEACHERS says Labour adviserPupils should be given power to apoint their own teachers, according to one of the government’s most senior education advisers.
THE SUNDAY TIMES July 13, 2003
![Page 41: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
LIVING WITH PARADOX
self evaluate
take risks/innovate
think long term
be flexible
collaborate
share leadership
encourage teamwork
apply given criteria
avoid mistakes
deliver results now
follow the rules
compete
retain control
assess individuals
![Page 42: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SEVEN KEY PRINCIPLES
1. Justice .. as a first unalienable principle
2. Reciprocity.. Observing the me-too-you-too principle
3. Steadfastness….in holding on to what matters
4. Solidarity… in the strength of the collective
5. Diversity .. The enrichment of difference
6. Stewardship.. .Active concern for the shared resource
7. Accountability …for the moral imperative
![Page 43: REFLECTIONS ON ETHOS AND CULTURE JOHN MACBEATH University of Cambridge](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649cc35503460f9498cb6e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
“Not everything that counts can be counted. And not everything that can be counted, counts.”
Albert Einstein