reflecting on toolik: recent advances for understanding ... · arctic tundra - shrub canopy-“bare...
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Reflecting on Toolik: Recent advances for understanding Arctic
ecology using lidar data
Lee Vierling
Students: Heather Greaves, Troy Magney, Jess Gersony, Case Prager
Co-PI’s: Natalie Boelman, Jan Eitel, Kevin Griffin, Shahid Naeem
Toolik All-Scientists Meeting
1/27/2017
TEAM LASER ALASKA
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Arctic canopy structure and function
2
BUT…it’s tricky to quantify Arctic shrub structure across broad scales
# 1: most shrubs are small! (volume, biomass)
# 2: and they blend in! (LAI, phenology)
Arctic canopy structure is changing (Sturm et al., 2001, Tape et al., 2006)
Implications of changing canopy structure on ecosystem function are many
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Main goals and questions
3
Can we quantify shrub structural variation
a) to detect thresholds in ecological function… and
b) to establish baselines for future change detection…
At meaningful spatial scales (plant to landscape) to enable organism-to-landscape analyses and syntheses?
Specifically,
How well can we map (small) shrubs?
Can we detect canopy partitioning of photosynthetic machinery?
Can we determine bird habitat selection preferences?
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…can we do this in the tundra?
4
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…and maybe this too?
5Silva et al., in prep
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The short life of a laser pulseThe signal-noise problem
6
Neuenschwander et al., 2014
Energy
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Team Laser’s approach
7Heather Greaves
Terrestrial Lidar Airborne Lidar (and passive multispectral)
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Can we derive shrub biomass from terrestrial Lidar?
Shrub in quad Quad point cloud Surface fitting
Shrub volume estimation
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Terrestrial Lidar (TLS): Millimeter‐scale laser scanning
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Estimating shrub biomass at fine scale
10Greaves et al., 2015
Individual plant scan
From 50m diameter plot scan
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Estimating shrub biomass at fine scale
11Greaves et al., 2015
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Estimating shrub biomass at fine scale
12Greaves et al., 2015
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Extension to leaf area index
13Greaves et al., 2015
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Can we map shrub biomass across the landscape?
14Greaves et al., 2017
R2 ~ 0.82-0.94, RMSE ~ 102-169 g
???
Terrestrial Lidar
Airborne Lidar
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Airborne Lidar acquisition 2013• Minimum point density of 27 points/m²• 5 cm resolution RGB NIR orthorectified aerial photographs• These locations + SagDOT & Roche
Toolik LiDAR bare earth: doi:10.7923/G4057CV5 Toolik Orthophotos: doi:10.7923/G4VD6WCW
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Mapping shrub biomass across the landscape
16Greaves et al., 2016
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Mapping shrub biomass across the landscape
17Greaves et al., 2016
(Lidar only)
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How do passive data (e.g. NDVI) compare?
18Greaves et al., 2016
(Lidar only)
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Shrub structure/biomass maps, with uncertainty
19Greaves et al., 2016
Mapped at 0.8 m spatial resolution
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New insights into ecosystem function?
20Greaves et al., 2015, 2016
0.8 m spatial resolution (ALS)
~ 4 mm spatial resolution (TLS)
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Function insights at the fine scale…leaf-to-shrub
21
As shrubs get larger, more dense, and more extensive, will photosynthetic machinery be
partitioned in the canopy?
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At the fine scale…leaf-to-shrub
22Magney et al., 2016
Does the photosynthetic
machinery within these leaves
differ?
(S. pulchra)
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At the fine scale…leaf-to-shrub
23Magney et al., 2016
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At the fine scale…leaf-to-shrub
24Magney et al., 2016
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How does light regime vary?
25Magney et al., 2016
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Do leaves show characteristic patterns in canopy?
26Magney et al., 2016
Similar to foliar % N, Chl a:b results
Binned by canopy position
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Do leaves show characteristic patterns in canopy?
27Magney et al., 2016
Potential implications for C flux modeling?
(Individual leaves)
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Community function at the landscape
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As shrubs get larger, more dense, and more extensive, how might birds be influenced?
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Ecological insights at the landscape
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Does canopy architecture govern bird nest site selection?
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Does veg structure influence nest site selection?
30
White-crowned sparrow
Lapland longspur
Nests located 2011-2014
Boelman et al., 2016
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Does veg structure influence nest site selection?
31Boelman et al., 2016Lapland longspur
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Probabilities of nesting habitat selection
32Boelman et al., 2016
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Probabilities of nesting habitat selection
33Boelman et al., 2016
Note: NDVI was not a significant predictor
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Coming Soon…
34Meddens et al., in prep
Toolik intercomparison (5m res.)
New opportunities for collaboration between ecologists and RS scientists
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Conclusions
35
• Very high resolution ecosystem structural mapping possible in Arctic tundra
- Shrub canopy-“Bare earth”
• Fine structural data can uniquely reveal ecosystem functions-Photosynthetic partitioning in S. pulchra (LAI-2000 missed)-Nesting habitat of Arctic migrant birds (passive RS missed)
• New opportunities coming via NASA ABoVE and data sharing
TEAM LASER ALASKA
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Thank you!
36
Terrestrial Ecology grant NNX12AK83G, Student Fellowship grants NNX15AP04H and NNX10AM75H
Logistical, scientific, moral, technical support: GIS, Mobile Lab Construction
Instrumentation support
Team Bird: Boelman, Laura Gough, John Wingfield, Jesse Krause,Jonathan Perez, Helen Chmura, Ashley Asmus, Shannon Sweet, et al.
…and wide cast of collaborators