references - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3635/13/... · tilapia...
TRANSCRIPT
244
REFERENCES
Abaychi, J. K. and Douabul, A. A. Z. (1985) Trace metals in Shatt Al-Arab river,
Iraq. Water Research, 19(4): 457-462.
Adaholia, U. N., Shrivastava, V., Chakravarty, A., Vyas, A. and Jacob, M. (1991)
Hydrography of Mansarovar reservoir, Bhopal. Proc. Nat. Symp. Planning
for Environ. Sus. Dev., New Delhi.
Adefemi, S. O., Asaolu, S. S. and Olaofe, O. (2008) Determination of heavy metals in
Tilapia mossambicus fish, associated water and sediment from Ureje dam in
south-western Nigeria. Res. J. Environ., 2: 151-155.
Adefemi, S. O. and Awokunmi, E. E. (2010) Determination of physico-chemical
parameters and heavy metals in water samples from Itaogbolu area of Ondo-
State, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,
4(3): 145-148.
Adeniyi, A. A. and Yusuf, K. A. (2007) determination of heavy metals in fish tissues,
water and bottom sediments from Epe and Badagry lagoons, Logas, Nigeria.
Environ. Monitor. Assess., 37: 451-458.
Agarwal, A. K. and Gopal, K. (1998) Physico-chemical characteristics and heavy
metals in Ganga river at various locations of Northern plains. Indian J.
Environ. & Ecoplan., 1(1&2): 39-42.
Aggarwal, T. R., Singh, K. N. and Gupta, A. K. (2000) Impact of sewage containing
domestic waste and heavy metals on the chemistry of Varuna river water.
Poll. Res., 19(3): 491-494.
Ajmal, M., Khan, M. A. and Nomani, A. A. (1985) Distribution of heavy metals in
plants and fish of the Yamuna river (India). Environ. Monitor. Assess., 5:
361-367.
245
Akan, J. C., Abdulrahman, F. I., Sodipo, O. A. and Akandu, P. I. (2009)
Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals of six fresh water fishes caught from
lake chad in doron buhari, maiduguri, borno state, nigeria. J. App. Sci. in
Environ. Sanit., 4(2): 103-114.
Akbulut, A. and Akbulut, N. E. (2010) The study of heavy metal pollution and
accumulation in water, sediment and fish tissye in Kizilimak river basin in
turkey.
Alam, M. G. M., Tanaka, A., Allinson, G., Laurenson, L. J. B., Stagnitti, F. and Snow,
E. T., (2002). A comparison of trace element concentrations in cultured and
wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Ecotox. Environ.
Safe., 53: 348-354.
Albering, H. J., Leusen, S. M. V., Moonen, E. J. C., Hoogewerff, J. A. and Kleinjans,
J. C. S. (1999) Human health risk assessment: A case study involving heavy
metal soil contamination after the flooding of river Meuse during the winter
of 1993-1994. Environmetal Health Perspective 107(1): 37–43.
Ali, M. H. H. (2002) Impact of agricultural and sewage effluents on the ecosystem of
Lake Qarun, Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., 307 pp.
Ali, M. H. H. and Abdel-Satar, A. M. (2005) studies of some heavy metals in water,
sediment, fish and fish diets in some fish farme in El-Fayoum province,
Egypt. Egpt. J. Aqut. Res., 31(2): 261-273.
Ali, H. H. M. and Fisher, R. A. M. (2005) Accumulation of some trace metals in some
benthic invertebrate and fish species relavent to their concentration in water
and sediment of lake Qarum. Egypt. J. Aquat. Res., 31: 1-6.
Alinnor, I. J. (2005) Assessment of elemental contaminants in water and fish samples
from aba river. Environ. Monit. Assess., 102: 15-25.
246
Al-Kahtani, M. A. (2009) Accumulation of heavy metals in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis
niloticus) from Al-Khadoud spring, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Amer. J. Appl.
Sci., 6(12): 2024-2029.
Allen, P. (1995) Chronic accumulation of cadmium in edible tissues of Oreochromis
aureus (Steindachner): modification by mercury and lead. Arch. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 29: 8-14.
Allinson, G., Salzman, S. A., Turcoczy, N., Nishikawa, M., Amarasinghe, U. S.,
Nirbadha, K. G. S. and De-Silva, S. S. (2009) Trace metal concentrations in
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in three catchments, Sri Lanka. Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 82: 389-394.
Al-Mohanna, M. M. (1994) Residues of some heavy metals in fishes collected from
(Red sea coast) Jizan, Saudi Arabia. J. Environ. Biol., 15(2):149-157.
Altindag, A. and Yigit, S. (2005) Assessment of heavy metal concentration in the
food web of lake Beyshir, Turkey. Chemosphere, 60: 552-556.
Al-Weher, S. M. (2008) Levels of heavy metal Cd, Cu and Zn in three fish species
collected from the northern Jordan valley, Jordan. Jordan. Journal of
Biological Sciences, 1(1): 41-46.
Amundsen, P. A., Staldvik, F. J., Lukin, A. A., Kashulin, N. A., Papova, O. A. and
Reshen nikov, Y. S. (1997) Heavy metal contamination in freshwater fish
from the border region between Norway and Russia. The Science of Total
Environment, 201: 211-224.
Anderson, R. A. (1989) Essentiality of chromium in humans. The Science of the Total
Environment, 86: 75-81.
Anitha, G., Chandrasekhar, S. V. A. and Bandela, N. N. (2005) Lomnological studies
of Mir Alam lake, Hyderabad. Poll. Res., 24(3): 681-687.
247
APHA (1989) Standard method for the examination of water and waste water. 17th
ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, U.S.A.
Asagba, S.O., Eriyamremu, G. E. and Igberaese, M. E. (2008) Fish physiology and
biochemistry: Bioaccumulation of cadmium and its biochemical effect on
selected tissues of the catfish. Biomed. Life Sci. J., 34(1): 61-69.
Ashraf, M. and Jaffar, M. (1988) Correlation between some selected trace metal
concentrations in six species of fish from the Arabian sea. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 41: 86-93.
Ashraf, W. (2005) Accumulation of heavy metals in kidney and heart tissues of
Epinephelus microdon fish from the Arabian Gulf. Environ. Monitor.
Assess., 101: 311-316.
Asonye, C. C., Okolie, N. P., Okenwa, E. E. and Iwuanyanwu, U. G. (2007) Some
physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal profiles of Nigerian rivers,
streams and waterways. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(5), 617-624.
Awasthi, S. K. (2000) Prevention of food adulteration Act No. 37 of 1954, Central
and state rules as amended for 1999. Ashoka Law House, New Delhi, India.
Ayyavoo, M. (1989) Studies on the metal concentration in Cavery river and
Poompuhar sea coast Tamilnadu. National Young Scientist Seminar on
environmental pollution. March, 30-31. Pp. 10. Abstract.
Babji, A. S., Embong, M. S. and Woon, W. W. (1979) Heavy metal contents in
coastal water fishes of west Malaysia. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 23:
830-836.
Badola, S. P. and Singh, H. R. (1981) Hydrobiology of the river Alaknanda of the
Garhwal Himalaya. Indian J. Ecol., 8(2): 269-276.
248
Bagde, V. S. and Varma, A. K. (1985a) Physico-chemical characteristics of water of
J. N. U. lake at New Delhi. Indian J. Ecol., 12(1): 151-156.
Bagde, V. S. and Varma, A. K. (1985b) Limnological studies on J. N. U. lake, New
Delhi, India. Buli. Bot. Soc. Sagar., 32: 16-23.
Balachandran, K. K., Raj, C. M. L., Nair, M., Joseph, T., Sheeba, P. and Venugopal,
P. (2005) Heavy metal accumulation in a flow restricted, tropical estuary.
Estuarine, coastal and Shelf Science, 65: 361-370.
Balasubramanian, S., Pappathi, R., Bose, A. J. and Raj, S. P. (1997) Bioconcentration
of copper, nickel and cadmium in multicell sewage fed fish ponds. J.
Environ. Biol., 18(2): 173-179.
Balkis, N. and Cagatay, M. N. (2001) Factors controlling metal distribution in the
surface sediments of the Erdek Bay, sea of Marmara, Turkey. Environment
International, 27: 1-13.
Balkis, N., Aksu, Abdullah, Okus, E. and Apak, R. (2009) Heavy metal concentration
in water, suspended matter, and sediment from Gokova Bay, Turkey.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 167: 359-370.
Balkis, S., Swetharanyam, S. and Daevi, S. S. (1989) An increased level of trace
metals in Pazhah Cauvery river due to domestic Sewage pollution. Seminar
on Environmental pollution. March 30 Bangalore Abstract.
Bandopadhyay, S. and Gopal, B. (1991) Ecosystem studies and management
problems of a coastal lagoon. The llake chilka. In: “Aquatic Sciences in
India” (Ed.) Gopal, B. and Asthana, V., Indian Association of Limnology
and Oceanography, pp. 117-172.
Bansal, S. and Khare, G. K. (1990) River pollution due to paper industry- A case
study. Ind. J. of Env. Pric., 10(4): 281-283.
249
Barak, N. A. E. and Mason, C. F. (1990) Mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations
in five species of freshwater fish from eastern England. Science of the Total
Environment, 92: 257-263.
Barber, D. and Sharma, M. S. (1998) Experimentaly induced bioaccumulation and
elimination of cadmium in fresh water fishes. Poll. Res., 17(2): 99-104.
Barlas, N. (1999) A pilot tudy of heavy metal concentration in various environments
and fishes in the upper Sakarya river basin, Turkey. Environ Toxicol, 14(3):
367-373.
Baskaran, P., Vasanthi, R., Muniandy, D.M.S. and Palanichamy, S. (1990).
Impact of environmental pollutants on growth and protein conversion
efficiency in the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. In:
Environmental concern and tissue injury Part I edit. R. Prakash and
S.M. Choubey.
Bath, K. S. (1996) Limnological studies on the Harike wetland ecosystem. Ph.D.
thesis, Punjabi University, Patiala.
Bath, K. S. and Kaur, H. (1999) Physico-chemical characteristics of water of Buddha-
Nallah (Ludhiana, Punjab). Indian J. of Environ. Sci., 3(1): 27-30.
Begum, A., Ramaiah, M., Harikrishna, Khan, I. and Veena, K. (2009a) Heavy metal
pollution and chemical profile of Cauvery river water. Journal of Chemistry,
6(1): 47-52.
Begum, A., Harikrishna, S. and Khan, I. (2009b) Analysis of heavy metls in water,
sediment and fish samples of Madivala lakes of Banglora, Karnataka. Int. J.
Chemtech Res., 1(2): 245-249.
250
Bernard, A. (2008) Biomarkers of metal toxicity in population studies: research
potential and interpretation issues. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A., 71:1259–
1265.
Berninger, K. and Pennanen, J. (1995) Heavy metals in Perch (Perca fluviatilis) from
two acidified lakes in the Salpausselka Esker area in Finland. Water, Air and
Soil Pollution, 81: 283-294.
Bhagwant, S. (2003) Bioaccumulation of copper and iron in edible fish species from
Poudre‘ D’ or bay , Mauritius. Poll. Res., 22(2): 293-297.
Bhattacharjee, S., Chakravarty, S., Maity, S., Dureja, V. and Gupta, K. K. (2005)
Metal contents in the groundwater of Sahebgunj district, Jharkhand, India,
with special reference to arsenic. Chemosphere, 58: 1203-1217.
Bhattacharya, P., Chatterjee, D. and Jacks, G. (1997) Occurrence of as contaminated
groundwater in alluvial aquifers from the Delta Plains, eastern India: Option
for safe drinking water supply. International Journal of Water Resources
Development, 13(1): 79-92.
Bhowmick, B. N. and Singh, A. K. (1985) Phytoplankton population in relation to
physico-chemical factors of river Ganga at Patna. Indian J. Ecol. 13(1): 138-
145.
Bhuyan, B. R. (1970) Physico chemical qualities of the water of some ancient tanks in
Sibsaqar, Assam, Environ. Hlth., 12: 129-134.
Bisht, K. L. (1986) Impact of environmental parameters on biota of the river Pinder of
Garhwal Himalaya. In: Fish and their environment (Haridwar), India, 91-95.
Bonnevie, N. L. Gunster, D. G. and Wenning, R. J. (1992) Lead contamination in
superficial sediments from Newyork Bay, New Jersey. Environment
International, 18: 497-508.Broek, W. L. F. V. D. (1979) Seasonal level of
251
chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals in fish and brown shrimps from
the Medway estuary kent. Environ. Pollut., 19: 21-38.
Borole, D. O. and Patil, P. R. (2004) Studies on physico-chemical parameters and
concentrations of heavy metals in sugar industry. Poll. Res., 23(1): 83-86.
Bulusu, K. R., Arora, H. C. and Aboo, K. M. (1967) Certain observation on self
purification of Khan river and its effect on Kshipra river. Environ. Hlth., 9:
275-295.
Bu-Olayan, A.H. and Thomas, B.V. (2005) Toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy
metals in mullet fish Liza klunzingeri (Mugilidae: Perciformes). Chem.
Ecol., 21(3): 191-197.
Buragohain, M., Bhuyan, B. and Sarma, H. P. (2009) Seasonal variations of lead,
arsenic, cadmium and aluminium contamination of groundwater in Dhemaji
district, Assam, India. Environ. Monit. Assess., 170: 345-351.
Cairns, J. J., Heath, A. G. and Parker, B. C. (1975) The effects of temperature upon
the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms. Hydrobiologia, 47: 135-171.
Campbell, K. R. (1994) Concentration of heavy metals associated with urban run off
in fish living in storm water treatment ponds. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 27: 352-356.
Canli, M. and Atli, G. (2003) The relatioships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe,
Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environ.
Pollut., 121(1): 129-136.
Carpene, E. and Vasak, M. (1989) hepatic metallothioneins from gold fish (Carassius
auratus). Comp. Biochem. Physio., 92(B): 463-468.
252
Chakraboarty, R. D., Roy, P. and Singh, S. B. (1959) A quantitative study of the
plankton and physico-chemical conditions of the river Yamuna at Allahabad
in 154-1955. Indian J. Fish, 6(1): 186-203.
Chakraborty, R., Dey, S., Dkhar, P. S., Ghosh, D., Singh, S., Sharma, D. K. and
Myrboh, B. (2003) Accumulation of heavy metals in some freshwater fishes
from Eastern India and its possible impact on human health. Poll. Res.,
22(3): 353-358.
Chakrapani, G. J. and Subramanian, V. (1990) Factors controlling sediment discharge
in the Mahanadi river basin, India. Journal of Hydrology, 117: 169-185.
Chandrasekhar, K., Chary, N. S., Kamala, C. T., Suman Raj, D. S. and Rao, A. S.
(2003) Fractionation studies and bioaccumulation of sediment bound heavy
metals in Kolleru lake by edible fish. Environment International, 29: 1001-
1008.
Chapman, D. and Kimstach, V. (1992) The selection of water quality variables in
water quality assessment. (Ed.) Chapman, D., Chapman and Hall. London,
N. York, Tokyo.
Chaudhary, S., Anuradha and Sastry, K. V. (2004) Pollution of river Yamuna at
Faridabad (Haryana). Poll. Res., 23(4): 749-756.
Chaurasia, M. and Pandey, G. C. (2007) Study of physico-chemical characteristics of
some water ponds of Ayodhya-Faizabad. Ind. J. Env. Proc., 27(11): 1019-
1023.
Chen, M. (2002) Baseline metal concentrations in sediments and fish, and the
determination of bioindicators in subtropical Chi-ku lagoon, S.W. Taiwan.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44: 703-714.
253
Chen, M. H. and Chen, C. Y. (1999) Bioaccumulation of sediment-bound heavy
metals in grey mullet, Liza macrolepis. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 3: 239-244.
Chen, Y. and Chen, M. (2001) Heavy metal concentrations in nine species of fishes
caught in coastal waters off Ann-Ping, S. W. Taiwan. J. of Food and Drug
Analysis, 9(2): 107-114.
Chen, Y., Chen, C., Hwang, H., Chang, W., Yeh, W. and Chen, M. (2004)
Comparison of the metal concentrations in muscle and liver tissues of fishes
from the Erren river, southwestern Taiwan, after the restoration in 2000. J.
of Food and Drug analysis, 12(4): 358-366.
Chi-Man, L. and Jiu, J. J. (2006) Heavy metal and trace element distributions in
groundwater in natural slopes and highly urbanized spaces in Mid-Levels
area, Hong Kong. Water Research, 40(4): 753-767.
Chouba, L., Kraiem, M., Tissaoui, C. H., Thompson, J. R. and Flower, R. J. (2007)
Seasonal variation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) in sediments and in
mullet, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), from the Ghar El Melh Lagoon
(Tunisia). Transitional Waters Bulletin, 4: 45-52.
Cogun, H., Yuzereroglu, T. A., Kargin, F. and Firat, O. (2005) Seasonal variation and
tissue distribution of heavy metals in shrimp and fish species from the
Yumurtalik coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Mediterranean. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 75: 707-715.
Cole, G. A. (1975) Text book of limnology. The C. V. Mosby company, Saint Louis.
Cooper, V. A., Solbe, J. F. and De, L. G. (1978) The fish populations and water
quality of the river Tean Staffs. Water Research Centre, Marlow, Bucks.
254
Cowx. I. G. (1982) Concentrations of heavy metals in the tissues of trout Salmo trutta
and char Salvelinus alpinus from two lakes in North Wales. Environ. Pollu.,
29: 101-110.
Cross, F. A., Hardy, L. H., Jones, N. Y. and Barber, R. T. (1973) Relation between
total body weight and concentrations of manganese, iron, copper, zinc and
mercury in while muscle of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and a
bathyldemersal fish Antimora rostrata. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 30: 1287-
1291.
Curits, C. D. (1966) The incorporation of soluble organic matter into sediments and
its effects on trace elements assemblages, In: Advance in organic chemistry,
Hobson, G. D. and Lours, M. C. (Eds.), Oxford, Pergamon, pp 1-13.
Dailey, R., Raisbeck, M. F., Siemion, R. and Wolft, S. (2005) Trace metal in
Wyoming fish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 74: 1078-1083.
Dallinger, R. and Kautzky, H. (1985) The importance of contaminated food for the
uptake of heavy metals by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): a field study.
Oecologia (Berlin) 67: 82-89.
Das, S. M. and Pandey, J. (1978) Some physico chemical and biological indicators of
pollution in lake Nainital, Kumaun (U. P.) Indian J. Ecol., 5(1): 7-16.
Dash, D. R., Das, S. L., Patro, S. K. and Sahu, B. K. (1999) Lead speciation in
Rushikulya surface waters, East Coast of India. Poll. Res., 18(3): 223-229.
Datta Munshi, J. S. and Singh, D. K. (1991) Physico-chemical profile oof river Ganga
at Kahalgaon, Bihar, India. In : Aquatic Sciences in India. Gopal, B. and
Asthana, V. (Eds.). pp. 83-92. Indian association for limnology and
oceanography, New Delhi.
255
De Smet, W. H. O. and Evens, F. M. J. C. (1972) A hydrobiological study of the
polluted river Lieve (Ghent, Belgium). Hydrobiologia, 31(1): 91-154.
Del-Ramo, J., Diaz-Mayans, J., Torreblanca, A. and Nunez, A. (1987) Effects of
temperature on the acute toxicity of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Hg) to the
freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard). Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 38: 736-741.
Demirak, A., Yilmaz, F., Tuna, A. L. and Ozdemir, N. (2006) Heavy metals in water,
sediment and tissues of Leuciscus cephalus from a stream in southwestern
Turkey. Chemosphere, 63: 1451-1458.
Dhakate, R. and Singh, V. S. (2008) Heavy metal contamination in groundwater due
to mining activities in Sukinda valley, Orissa- A case study. Journal of
Geographyand Regional Planning, 1(4): 58-67.
Dhillon, S. S. and Kaur, H. (1996) Analytical studies on the aquatic ecosystem of
Punjab. Final Technical Report. PSCST, Chandigarh.
Diaz-Mayans, J., Hernandez, F., Medina, J, Del-Ramo, J. and Torreblanca, A. (1986)
Cadmium accumulation in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, using graphic
furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,
37: 722-729.
Dixit, R. C., Varma, S. R., Notnaware, V. and Thacker, N. P. (2004). Heavy metals
contamination in surface and groundwater supply of an urban city. Indian J.
Environ. Health, 45: 107-112.
Duruibe, J. O., Ogwuegbu, M. O. C. and Egwurugwu, J. N. (2007) Heavy metal
pollution and humen biotoxic effects. Int. J. Phy. Sci., 2(5): 112-118.
Dybern, B. (1974) Water pollution: A problem with global dimensions. Embio,
3(3/4): 139-145.
256
Eisler, R. (1981) Trace Metals in Marine Organisms. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
Ekpo, B. O. and Ibok, U. J. (1999) Temporal variation and distribution of trace metals
in freshwater and fish from Calabar river, S. E. Nigeria. Environ. Geochem.
Hlth., 21: 51-66.
Ellis, J. B. and Revitt, D. M (1982) Incidence of heavy metals in street surface
sediment : solubility and grain size studies. Water, Air and Soil Pollution,
17: 87-100.
Ellis, M. M. (1937) Detection and neasurement of stream pollution. Bull. U. S. bur.
Fish., 48: 365-437.
Emoyan, O. O., Ogban, F. E. and Akarah, E. (2005) Evaluation of heavy metals
loading of river Ijana in Ekpan- Warri, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt.,
10(2): 121-127.
environmental pollution. Geoforum, 145: 53–61.
Esmaeili, H. R. and Johal, M. S. (2005) Study of physico-chemical parameters of
water of Gobindsagar resercior, India. In; M. S. Johal (ed.) Proceedings of
the National Seminar “New Trends in Fishery Development in India”.
Punjab University, Chandigarh, Feb. 16-16:173-177.
Eustace, I. J. (1974) Zinc, cadmium, copper and manganese in species of finfish and
shellfish caught in the Derwent Estuary, Tasmania. Aust. J. Mar. Fresh. Res.
25: 209-220.
Farag, A. M., Nimick, D. A., Kimball, B. A., Church, S. E., Harper, D. D. and
Brumbaugh,W. G. (2007) Concentrations of metals in water, sediment,
biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish in the Boulder River
watershed, Montana, and the role of colloids in metal uptake. Arch. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 52: 397–409.
257
Farag, A. M., Woodward, D. F., Goldstein, J. N., Brumbaugh, W. and Meyer, J. S.
(1998) Concentration of metals associated with mining waste in sediments
and fish from the Coeur d’ Alene river basin, Idaho. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 34: 119-127.
Farmaki, E. G. and Thomaidis, N. S. (2008) Current status of the metal pollution of
the environment of Greece- A review. Global Nest Journal, 10(3): 366-375.
Fernandez, H., Conyi, L. F. and Patchineelam, S. R. (1994) An assessment of the
pollution of heavy metals in Jacarpauga Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A
stastical approach. Environ. Technol. 15: 87-94.
Ferner, D. J. (2001) Toxicity, heavy metals. eMed. J., 2(5): 1.
Forstner, U. and Muller, G. (1973) Heavy metal accumulation in river sediments: a
response to environmental pollution Schwermell- anreicherung in fluviatilen
sedimenten als aisdruck der verschmutzung unserer umwett. Geoform, 4(2):
53-61.
Fosmire, G. J. (1990) Zinc Toxicity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 51(2): 225 -227.
Ganasan, V., Srinivasaulu, K. and Pandey, A. K. (1991) Trace metal concentration in
water and sediments of the river Khan and Kshipra (Ujjain, India). Int. J.
Eco. Environ. Sci., 17: 225-236.
Garcia-Miragaya, J. and Sosa, A. M. (1994) Trace metals in Valencia Lake
(Venenzuela) sediments. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 77: 141-150.
Garg, N., Mathur, N., Modak, D. P., Singh, K. P., Murthy, R. C., Ahmed, S., Chandra,
S. V. and Ray, P. K. (1992) Trace metals trend analysis in river Ganges at
Kanpur. Environment International, 18: 297-305.
258
Gaur, V. K., Gupta, S. K., Pandey, S. D., Gopal, K. and Misra, V. (2005) Distribution
of heavy metals in sediment and water of river Gomti. Environment
Monitoring and Asessment, 102: 419-433.
George, M. G., Quasin, S. Z. and Siddiqi (1996) A limnological survey of river Kali
with reference to fish mortality. Env. Hlth., 8(4): 262-269.
Gharib, A. G., Fatoorechian, S. and Ahmadiniar, A. (2003) Derermination of essential
major and trace elements in daily diets by comparative methodologies and
alterations. Trace elements Med., 1: 43-53.
Gibbs, R. J. (1994) Metals in the sediments along the Hudson river estuary.
Environment International, 20(4): 507-516.
Giesy, J. P., Jr. and Wiener, J. G. (1977) Frequency distribution of trace metal
concentrations in five freshwater fishes. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 106(4):
393-403.
Gillanders, B. M. (2001) Trace metals in four structures of fish and their use for
estimation of stock structure. Fish. Bull., 99: 410-419.
Giusti, L. (2001) Heavy metal contamination of brown seaweed and sediments from
the U. K. coastline between the Wear river and Tees river. Environment
International, 26: 275-286.
Goel, P. K. and Chavan, V. R. (1991) Limnological study of a polluted fishery tank at
Holhapur. Proc. Nat. Symp. Planning for Environ. Sus. Dev. New Blocks.
Goel, P.K., Gopal, B. and Trivedi, R. K. (1980) Imapct of sewage on freshwater
ecosystem Part II. Physico chemical characteristics of water and their
seasonal changes. Int. J. Ecol. Env. Sci. 6: 97-116.
259
Gomma, M. N. E., Abou-Arab, A. A. K., Badawy, A. and Khayria, N. (1995)
Distribution pattern of some heavy metals in Egyptian fish organs. Food
Chem., 53: 385-389.
Gonzalves, E. A. and Joshi, D. B. (1946) Freshwater algae near Bombay. I. The
seasonal Succession of algae in tank of Bandra. J. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc.,
46(1) 154- 176.
Goodwin, T. H., Young, A. R., Holmes, M. G. R., Old, G. H. and Hewitt, N. (2003)
The temporal and spatial variability of sediment transport and yields within
the Bradford Beck catchment, West Yorkshire. Sci. Total Environ., 314:
475-494.
Gopal, B. (1990) Indian subcontinent and the aquatic habitats. In: Ecology and
Management of Aquatic vegetation in the Indian Subcontinent. Kluwer
Academic Publ. Ntherlands, 7-28.
Govindasamy, C., Roy, A. G. V. and Jayapaul, A. (1998) Seasonal variation of heavy
metals in water and zooplankton of Pondicherry coast, Bay of Bengal. Int. J.
Eco. Environ. Sci., 24: 141-146.
Gowd, S. S. and Govil, P. K. (2008) Distribution of heavy metals in surface water of
Ranipet industrial area in Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment, 136: 197-207.
Gumgum, B., Unlu, E., Tez, Z. and Gulsun, Z. (1994) Heavy metal pollution in water,
sediment and fish from the Tigris river in Turkey. Chemosphere, 29(1): 111-
116.
Gupta, A., Rai, D. K., Pandey, R. S. and Sharma, B. (2009) Analysis of some heavy
metals in the riverine water, sediments and fish from Ganges at Allahabad.
Environ. Monitor. Assess., 157: 449-458.
260
Gupta, D. C., Peters, E. and Yadava, R. N. (2002) Concentration of heavy toxic
metals in waters of the area around Mandideep industrial complex and its
impact on human health. In: Ecology of Polluted Waters, Vol. I Eds. Arvind
Kumar, A.P.H. Publishing House, Delhi.
Gupta, N. and Dua, A. (2002) Mercury induced architectural alterations in the gill
surface of a fresh water fish, Channa punctatus. J. Environ. Biol., 23(4):
383-386.
Gupta, R. K., Yadava, N. K., Jain, K. L. and Dinodia, G. S. (2002) Heavy metal
pollution in aquatic ecosystem- review. In: Ecology of Polluted water Vol.-
1Ed. Arvind Kumar, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. pp 231-243.
Gupta, S. K., Dixit, S. and Tiwari, S. (2005) Assessment of heavy metals in surface
water of lower lake, Bhopal, India. Poll. Res., 24(4): 805-808.
Hannan, H. H. and Young, W. J. (1974) The influence of a deep storage reservoir on
the physico-chemical limnology of central Texas river. Hydrobiologia, 44(2-
3): 177-207.
Harshey, D. K., Patil, S. G. and Singh, D. F. (1982) Limnological studies on a tropical
fresh water fish tank of Jabalpur India. Geobios New Reports, 1(2): 98-102.
Has-Schon, E., Bogut, I. and Strelec, I. (2006) Heavy metal profile in five fish species
included in human diet, domiciled in the end flow of river Neretva (Croatia).
Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 50: 545-551.
Has-Schon, E., Bogut, I., Rajkovic, V., Bogut, S., Cacic, M. and Horvatic, J. (2008)
Heavy metal distribution in tissues of six species included in human diet,
inhabiting freshwaters of Nature Park “Hutovo Blato” (Bosmia and
Herzegovina). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 54: 75-83.
261
Haung, W. (2003) Heavy metal concentrations in the common benthic fishes caught
from the coastal waters of eastern Taiwan. J. of Food and Drug Analysis,
11(4):324-330.
Heath, A. G. (1987) Water pollution and fish physiology. CRC Press., Inc. Boca
Raton, Florida, 245 pp.
Heiny, J. S. and Tate, C. M. (1997) Concentration, distribution and comparison of
selected trace elements in bed sediment and fish tissue in the south platte
river basin, USA, 1992-1993. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 32: 246-259.
Hennigan, R. D. (1969) Water pollution. Bioscience, 19(11): 976-978.
Henry, F., Amara, R., Courcot, L., Lacouture, D. and Bertho, M. L. (2004) Heavy
metals in four fish species from the French Coast of the Eastern English
Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea. Environment International,
30: 675-683.
Hiraizumi, Y., Manabe, T. and Nishimura, H. (1978) Some regular patterns in the
distribution of sediment contamination in the coastal waters along Japan.
Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 34: 222-232.
Hogstrand, C. and Haux, C. (1991) Binding and detoxification of heavy metals in
lower vertebrates with reference to metallothionein. Comp Biochem Physiol,
100: 137-141.
Hussain, I. and Hussain, J. (2004) Study on the impact of textile wasterwater on the
groundwater quality of villages close to river Kothari, Rajasthan (India).
Poll. Res., 23(3): 477-481.
Hutchinson, G. E. (1957) A treatise on limnology I. Geography, Physics and
chemistry Vol. 2, John Wilet and sons, Inc. N. Y.
262
Hutton, M. and Symon, C. (1986) The quantities od cadmium, lead. Mercury and
arsenic entering the
Huynh-Ngoc, L., Whitehead, N. E. and Oregioni, B. (1988) Cadmium in the Rhone
River. Water Research, 22(5): 571-576. UK environment from human
activities. Sci. Total Environ., 57: 129-150.
Ikem, A., Egiebor, N. O., and Nyavor, K. (2003) Trace elements in water, fish and
sediment from Tuskegee Lake, Southeastern USA. Water, Air, and Soil
Pollution, 149: 51-75.
Islam, M. F. and Islam, S. (1996) Surface water quality of water bodies of Chalan
Beel area in Nator district, Bangladesh. J. Buul. Env. Sci., 14:1-3.
Ismail, N. S. and Abu-Hilal, A. (2008) Heavy metals in three commonly available
coral reef fish species from the Jordan Gulf of Aqaba, Red sea. Jordan J.
Bio. Sci., 1(2): 61-66.
Jain, C. K., Gupta, H. and Chakrapani, G. J. (2008) Enrichment and fractionation of
heavy metals in bed sediments of River Narmada, India. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment, 141: 35-47.
Jain, C. K., Kumar, S. and Rao, Y. R. S. (2004) Trace element contamination in a
coastal aquifer of Andhra Pradesh. Poll. Res., 23(1): 13-23.
Jain, C. K., Malik, D. S. and Yadav, R. (2007) Metal fractionation study on bed
sediments of lake Nainital, Uttaranchal, India. Environment Monitoring and
Assessment, 130: 129-139.
Jain, C. K., Rao. V. V. S. G., Parkash, B. A., Kumar, K.M. and Yoshida, M. (2009)
Metal fractionation study on lead sediments of Hussainsagar lake,
Hyderabad, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 166: 57-67.
263
Jain, C. K., Singhal, D. C. and Sharma, M. K. (2005) Metal pollution assessment and
water in the river Hindon, India. Environment Monitoring and Assessment,
105: 193-207.
Jain, K. L. and Mittal, V. (2004) Heavy metal pollution in surface water bodies and its
impact on fishes. In: Proceeding of the National workshop on Rational Use
of Water Resources for Aquaculture (Hisar, March 18-19), Ed. S.K. Garg
and K.L. Jain.
Jain, P, and Shrivastava, R. (1998) Heavy metal contamination in Kolar reservoir,
Bhopal district (M.P.). J. Natcon., 10(1): 93-95.
Jameel, A. A. (1998) Physico-chemical studies in Uyyakandan C. water of river
Cauvery. Poll. Res., 17(2): 111-114.
Jameson, J. and Rana, B.C. (1996) Pollution status of the river complex Sabermati at
Kheda region of Gujarat I. Physico-chemical characters. Poll. Res., 15(1):
53-55.
Jarup, L. (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68:
167-182.
Javed, M., (2003) Relationships among water, sediments and plankton for the uptake
and accumulation of metals in the river Ravi. Indus J. Plant Sci., 2(4): 326-
331.
Javed, M. (2005) Heavy metal contamination of freshwater fish and bed sediments in
the river ravi stretch and related tributaries. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 8: 1337-1341.
Javed, M. and Hayat, S. (1999) Heavy metal toxicity of river Ravi from Shahdera to
Baloki headworks. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 36: 81-89.
Jeelani, M. (2005) Impact of environmental featureson the biodiversity of two urban
lakes of Kashmir (India). Ph. D. Thesis, Punjabi University, Patiala.
264
Jha, P. K., Subramanian, V., Sitasawad, R. and Grieken, R. V. (1990) Heavy metals in
sediments of the Yamuna river ( A tributary of the Ganga), India. The
Science of the Total Environment, 95: 7-27.
Jindal, R. and Kumar, R (1993) Limnology of a freshwater pond of Nalagarh. 1.
Physico-chemical complexes. In: Advances in Limnology. Shastree, N.K.
(ed.) Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, pp. 107-112.
Jing, Z. and Wei-Wen, H. (1988) Concentrations of trace metals in the Qiantang-Jiang
river and its estuary Southern China. Ambio., 17(1): 36-39.
Jolly, V. H. and Chapman, V. A. (1966) A preliminary biological study of the effects
of pollution on farmers creek and cox’s river, New South Whales.
Hydrobiologia, 27: 160-187.
Joseph, K. O. and Srivastava, J. P. (1993) Mercury in the Ennore and in fish from
Madras coastal water. J. Environ. Biol., 14(1): 55-62.
Joseph, P. V. and Chacko, J. (2005) Distribution of dissolved and particulate heavy
metals in Chitrapuzha- A tropical tidal river, Kerala, India. Poll. Res., 24(3):
513-521.
Joshi, P. V., Bhandari, N. S., Kumar, A. and Agrawal, N. (2009) Statistical analysis of
physicochemical parameters of water of river Ganga in Haridwar district.
Rasayan J. Chem., 2(3): 579-587.
Kalay, M., Ay, O. and Canli, M. (1999) Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissue
from the Northern Mediterranean sea. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 63:
673-681.
Kalay, M., Sangun, M. K., Ayas, D. and Gocer, M. (2008) Chemical composition and
some trace element levels of thinlip mullet, liza ramada caught from mersin
gulf. Ekoloji, 17(68): 11-16.
265
Kamal, D., Khan, A. N., Rahman, M. A. and Ahamed, F. (2007) Study on physico
chemical properties of water of Mouri river, Khulna, Bangladesh. Pak. J.
Biol. Sci., 10(5): 710-717.
Kannan, K. (1991) Fundamentals of Environmental Pollution. S. Chand and company
Ltd., New Delhi.
Kar, D., Surr, P., Mandal, S. K., Saha, T., and Kole, R. K. (2008) Assessment of
heavy metal pollution in surface water. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5(1): 119-
124.
Kara, Y., Kara, I. and Basaran, D. (2004) Investigation of some physical and chemical
parameters of water in the Lake Isykli in Denizli, Turkey. International
Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(2): 275-277.
Karadede, H. and Unlu, E. (2000) Concentration of some heavy metals in water,
sediment and fish species from The Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates) Turkey.
Chemosphere, 41: 1371-1376.
Karadede, H., Oymak, S. A. and Unlu, E. (2004) Heavy metal in mullet, Liza aba and
catfish, Silurus triostegus, from the Ataturk dam lake (Euphrates), Turkey.
Environment International, 30: 183-188.
Kargin, F. (1996) Seasonal changes in level of heavy metals in tissues of Mullus
barbatus and Sparus aurata collected from Iskenderun Gulf (Turkey).
Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 90: 557-562.
Kargin, F. (1998) Metal concentrations in tissues of freshwater fish Capoeta barroisi
from the Seyhan river (Turkey). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 60: 822-
828.
266
Kargin, F. and Cogun, H., Y. (1999) Metal intraction during accumulation and
elimination of zinc and cadmium in tissues of freshwater fish Tilapia
nilotica. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 63: 511-519.
Kargin, F. and Erdem, C. (1991) Accumulation of copper in liver, spleen, stomach,
intestine, gill and muscle of Cyprinus carpio. Doga. Turk J. Zoology, (15):
306-314.
Katsoyiannis, I. A. and Katsoyiannis, A. A. (2006) Arsenic and other metal
contamination of groundwaters in the industrial area of Thessaloniki,
Northern Greece. Environ. Monit. Assess., 123: 1-3.
Kaur, H., Dhillon, S. S., Kaur, N. and Bath, K. S. (1995) Physico-chemical
characteristics of freshwater ecosystem prevailing in and around Patiala
(Punjab). Environ. & Ecol., 13(3): 523-528.
Kaur, H., Dhillon, S. S., Bath, K. S. and Mander, G. (1996a) Analysis of the elements
polluting river Ghaggar in the regions of Punjab. J. Environ. & Poll., 3(2):
65- 68.
Kaur, H., Dhillon, S. S., Bath, K. S. and Mander, G. (1996b) Abiotic and biotic
components of a fresh water pond of Patiala (Punjab). Poll. Res., 15(3): 253-
256.
Kaur, H., Dhillon, S. S., Bath, K. S. and Mander, G. (1997) A statistical approach to
inter-relationship between protozoans and physico-chemical factors at
Harike reservoir (Punjab-India). Ind. J. of Env. Sci., 1(1): 47-50.
Kaur, H., Dhillon, S.S., Mander, G. and Bath, K.S. (2000) Occurence of heavy metals
in water and sediment of the river Satluj in Punjab. In: Pollution and
Biomonitoring of Indian Rivers. ABD Publishers, Jaipur, India, By: Dr. R.K.
Trivedy.
267
Kaur, H., Syal, J. and Dhillon, S. S. (2003) Impact of fertilizer factory wastes on
physico-chemical and biological features of Satluj River. In: Aquatic
ecosystems. (Ed.), Kumar, A., A. P. H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi,
pp. 71-81.
Kaushik, S., Sahu, B. K., Lawania, R. K. and Tiwari, R. K. (1999) Occurrence of
heavy metals in lentic water of Gwalior region. Poll. Res., 18(2): 137-140.
Khaled, A. (2004) Seasonal determination of some heavy metals in muscle tissues of
Siganus rivulatus and Sargus sargus fish from El-Mex bay and eastern
harbor, Alexandria, Egypt. Egypt J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish, 8(1): 65-81.
Khalil, M. T. (2000) Impact of pollution on productivity and fisheries of lake Mariut,
Egypt. Int. J. Eco. Environ. Sci., 26: 89-97.
Khalique, A. and Afser, M. R. (1995) Physico-chemical analysis of river Ganges at
Farakka. Biojournal, 7(1-2): 101-105.
Khan, A. H., Ali, M., Biaswas, S. K. and Hadi, D. A. (1987) Trace elements in marine
fish from the Bay of Bengal. The Science of the Total Environment, 61: 121-
130.
Khan, M. A. and Zutshi, D. P. (1980) Primary productivity and trophic status of
aKashmir Himalayan lake. Hydrobiologia, 68: 3-8.
Khan, Y. S. A., Hussain, M. S., Hossain, S. M. G. and Hallimuzzaman, A. H. M.
(1998) An environmental assessment of trace metals in Ganges-
Brahamputra-Meghna estuary. J. Rem.Sens. Environ., 2:103-117.
Khangarot, B. S. and Ray, P. K. (1987) Correlation between heavy metal acute
toxicity values in Daphnia manga and fish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,
38: 722-726.
268
Kilgour, B. W. (1991). Cadmium uptake from cadmium-spiked sediments by four
freshwater invertabrates. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 47:70-75.
King, J. M. (1981) The distribution of invertebrate communities a small South
African River. Hydrobiologia, 83: 43-65.
Kitchell, J. F., Koonce, J. F. and Tennis, P. S. (1975) Trace element discharges from
coal combustion for power production. Water, Air & Soil Pollut., 5: 71-77.
Klavins, M., Briede, A., Klavina, I. and Rodinov, V. C. (1995) Metals in sediments of
lakes in Latvia. Environment International, 21(4): 451-458.
Klein, L. (1973) River pollution: II- causes and effects. 5th ed. Butterworth and
Company.
Kock, G., Hofer, R. and Wograth, S. (1995) Accumulation of trace metals (Cd, Pb,
Cu, Zn) in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from oligotrophic Alpine lakes:
relation to alkalinity. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52: 2367-2376.
Kock, G., Triendl, M. and Hofer, R. (1996) Seasonal patterns of metal accumulation
in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from an oligotrophic Alpine lake related
to temperature. Can. J. Fish. Aquat., 53: 780-786.
Koli, A. K. and Whitmore, R. (1983) Trace elements in fish from the Savannah river
near Savannah river nuclear plant. Environment international, 9: 361-362.
Koshy, M. and Nayar, T. V. (2002) Trace metals in the sediments of river Pamba.
Poll. Res., 21(3): 235-242.
Koul, V. K., Zutshi, D. P. and Dubey, K. P. (1988) Trace metal concentrations in
some Kashmir Himalayan lakes. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 39: 237-
245.
Krauskopf, K. B. (1955) Sedimentary deposits of rare metals. Econ. Geol., 50: 411-
463.
269
Krishnamurti, A. J. and Nair, V. R. (1999) Concentration of metals in fishes from
Thane and Bassein creeks of Bombay, India. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 28: 39-44.
Kristensen, P. (1982) Time-dependent variation of mercury in a stream sediment and
the effect upon mercury content in Gammarus pulex (L.). Water Research,
16:759-764.
Kumar, A. (1995a) Some limnological aspects of freshwater tropical wetland of
Santhal Pargana (Bihar) India. J. Environ .& Poll., 2 (3) : 137-141.
Kumar, A. (1995b) Studies on pollution in river Mayurakshi in South Bihar, India. J.
Environ. & Poll., 2 (1) : 21-26.
Kumar, A. (1998) Diversification of phytoplankton and its correlation with certain
physico-chemical characteristics of the river Mayurakshi in tribal zone of
Bihar. Int. J. Ecol. Env. Sc., 24: 215-224.
Kumar, A. and Sharma, R. K. (1999) Physico-chemical characteristics of river Sengar
in distt.- Etawah (UP). Ind. J. Env. Sci., 3(2): 201-203.
Kumar, B. A., Choudhury, A. and Mitra, A. (2003) Seasonal distribution of nutrients
and its biological importance in upper stretch of Gangetic West Bengal. In :
Aquatic ecosystems. (Ed.), Kumar, A., A. P. H. Publishing Corporation, New
Delhi, pp. 29-36.
Kumar, J. I. N. (1997) Impact of pollution on aquatic biodiversity. Ecol. Env. and
Cons., 3(3-4): 209-217.
Kumar, K. S. and Sharma, T. V. S. (1979) Faunal (phytal) affinity in two fresh water
ponds with diverse ecological stresses in Viziangarama, India. Geobios., 6:
347-348.
270
Kumaresan, S, Chandrasekar, N and Subbulakshmi, M. (2004) An assessment of
ground water pollution in and around Tuticorin, Tamilnadu. Poll. Res.,
23(4): 832-827.
Kumaruzzaman, B. Y., Akbar, B., Jalal, K. C. A. and Shabudin, S. (2010)
Accumulation of metals in gills of tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis
niloticus) from in vitro toxicology study. J. Fish. & Aquat. Sci., 5(6): 503-
509.
Kureishy, T. W. and D’Silva, C. (1993) Uptake and less of mercury, cadmium and
lead in marine organisms. Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 31(4): 373-379.
Kurian, P. and Banerjee, D. K. (1989) Heavy metal distribution and its correlation
with other physico-chemical parameter in riverine sediments. National
Young Scientist Seminar on Environmental Pollution. Abstracts. P5.
Labonne, M., Othman, D. B. and Luck, J. M. (2001) Lead isotopes in muscles as
tracers of metal sources and water movements in a lagoon (Thau Basin, S.
France). Chem. Geology, 181: 181-191.
Lagerwerff, J. V. and Specht, A. W. (1970) Contamination of roadside soil and
vegetation with cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4(7):
583-586.
Langston, W. J. (1990) Toxic effects of metals and the incidence of marine
ecosystems In : Furness, R.W. and Rainbow, P.S. (ed.). Heavy metals
in the marine envrionment. 256, pp. CRC Press, New York.
Latif, S. A., Afroj, D., Hossain, S. M., Uddin, M. S., Islam, M. A., Begum, K., Oura,
Y., Ebihara, M. and Katada, M. (2009) Determination of toxic trace
elements in foodstuffs, Soils and sediments of Bangladesh using
271
instrumental Neutron Activation Analaysis Technique. Bull Environ Contam
Toxicol, 82: 384-388.
Legorburu, I., Canton, L. Millan, A. and Casado, A. (1988) Trace metal levels in fish
from Urola River (Spain) Anguillidae, Mugillidae and Salmonidae. Environ
Technol Lett, 9: 1373-1378. Lietz, W. and Galling, G. (1989) Metals from
sediments. Water Research, 23(2): 247-252.
Lenntech (2004) Heavy metals. http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci./mar25/articles13.htm
(13-7-2004).
Lietz, W. and Galling, G. (1989) Metals in sediments. Water Research, 23(2): 247-
252.
Lohani, M., Singh, A., Rupainwar, D. C. and Dhar, D. N. (2008) Seasonal variations
of heavy metal contamination in river Gomti of Lucknow city region.
Environ. Monit. Assess., 147: 253-263.
Lokhande, R. S. and Sathe, C. N. (2001) Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal
contents in the industrial effluents from Ambarnath M. I. D. C. area
(Maharashtra). Poll. Res., 20(2): 239-243.
MacDonald, D. D., Ingersoll, C. G. and Berger, T. A. (2000) Development and
evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freashwater
ecosystems. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 39: 20-31.
Madany, I. M., Waab, A. A. A. and Al-Alawi, Z. (1996) Trace metals concentrations
in marine organisms from the coastal areas of Bahrain, Arabian Gulf. Water,
Air and Soil Pollution, 91: 233-248.
Mahadevan, A. and Krishnaswamy, S. (1983) A quality profile of river Vaigai (S.
India). Indian J. Environ. Hlth., 25(4) :288-299.
272
Mahmood, G. (2003) Lead and nickel concentrations in fish and water of river Ravi.
Pak. J. of Biol. Sci., 6: 1027-1029.
Mairs, D. F. (1966) A total alkalinity atlas for marine lake waters. Limnol. Oceanogr.,
11: 68-72.
Maiti, P. and Banerjee, S. (2002) Bioaccumulation of metals in different food fishes
in wastewater fed wet lands. In: Ecology of Polluted water Vol.-1Ed. Arvind
Kumar, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. pp 217-230.
Malik, N., Biswas, A. K., qureshi, T. a., Borana, K. and Rachna, R. (2010)
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues of a freshwater lake of
Bhopal. Environ. Monit. Assess., 160: 267-276.
Mance, G. (1987) Pollution threat of heavy metals in aquatic environment.
Elsevier, 363 pp. London.
Mandal, S. K., Saha, T., Kole, s., Maiti, D., Kole, R. K. and Das, D. K. (2006)
Occurrence of various metals in surface water of river Ganga in
west Bengal- Their toxicity and ecological impact. Poll. Res.,
25(3): 609-612.
Mani, S., Swerharanyam, S. and Daevi, S. S. (1989) An increased level of trace
metals in Pazhan Cauvery river water due to domestic sewage
pollution. Seminar on Environmental pollution. March, 30.
Banglore.
Manivasakam, N. (1984) Environmental pollution. National Book Trust, India.
pp. 58.
273
Manoj, K. and Ragothaman, G. (1999) Mercury, copper and cadmium induced
changes in the total proteins level in muscle tissue of an edible estuarine
fish, Boleophthalmus dussumieri (CUV). J. Environ. Biol., 20(3): 231-234.
Mansour, S. A. and Sidky, M. M. (2002) Ecotoxicological studies, 3. Heavy metals
contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Goverorate, Egypt. Food
Chemistry, 78: 15-22.
Marcus, J. M., Swearingen, G. R., Williams, A. D. and Heizre, D. D. (1988)
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metal concentrations in
sediments at coastal South Carolina Marinas. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 17: 103-113.
Maroof, F. B. A., Hadi, D. A., Khan, A. H. and Chowdhury, A. H. (1986) Cadmium
and zinc concentrations in drinking water supplies of Dhaka city,
Bangladesh. The Science of the Total Environment, 53: 233-238.
Mart, L. and Nurnberg, H. W. (1984) Trace metal levels in the eastern arctic ocean.
The Science of the Total Environment, 39: 1-14.
Mason, R. P., Laporte, J. M. and Andres, S. (2000) Factors controlling the
bioaccumulation of mercury, methyl mercury, arsenic, selenium and
cadmium by fresh water invertebrates and fish. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 38: 283-297.
Mathis, B. J., and Cummings, T. F. (1973) Selected metals in sediments, water and
biota in the Illinois River. J Water Pollut Control Fed 48: 1913-1918.
Mathuthu, A. S., Zaranyika, F. M. and Jannalagadde, S. B. (1993) Monitoring of
water quality in upper Kukuvisi River in Harare, Zimbabwe. Environ. Int.,
19 (1): 51-61.
274
Maxfield, D., Rodriguez, J. M., Buettner, M., Davis, J., Forbes, L., Kovacs, R.,
Russel, W., Schultz, L., Smith, R., Stanton, J. and Wai, C. M. (1974) Heavy
metal pollution in the sediments of D’Alene river delta. Environ. Pollut., 7:
1-6.
Mears, H. C. and Eisler, R. (1977) Trace metala in liver from blue fish, Tautog and
Tilefish in relation to body lenghth. Chesapeake Sci., 18: 315-325.
Meenakumari, B. and Nair, N. B. (1996) Trace elements in the surface waters of
Cochin harbour. J. Environ. Biol., 17(1): 33-37.
Merlini, M. and Pozzi, G. (1977) Lead and fresh water fishes: part-1 lead
accumulation and water pH. Environ. Poll., 12: 167-172.
Meybeck, M., Friedrich, G., Thomas, R. and Chapman, D. (1992) Rivers. In: Water
Quality Assessments (Ed.) Chapman, D. Chapman and Hall, London, New
York, Tokyo, 239-316.
Mhatre, G. N. (1991) Bioindicators and bioimonitoring of heavy metals. J. Environ.
Biol., 201-209.
Mido, Y. and Satake, M. (2003) Chemicals in the environment. Discovery Publishing
House, New Delhi, India.
Mishra, K. D. (1991) Impact of sewage and industrial pollution on physico-chemical
characteriatics of water in river Betwa at Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh. Ind. j.
Env. Health, 25: 288-299.
Mishra, K. K. (1988) Nutrient management in fresh water lakes. Ind. J. Env. Proc.,
9(5): 358-361.
Mishra, P. C. (1990) Fundamental of air and water pollution. Ashish Publishing
House, New Delhi.
275
Mohanty, S. K. (1975) Some observation on the physico-chemical feature of the outer
channel of the Chilka lake during 1971-73. Bull. of the deptt. of Marine Sci.,
8(1): 69-89.
Moriarty, F. and Hanson, H. M. (1988) Heavy metals in sediments of the river
Ecclesbourne, Derbyshire. Water Research, 22(4): 475-480.
Mormede, S. and Devies, I. M. (2001) Heavy metal concentrations in commercial
deep sea fish from the Rockall Trough. Continental Shelf Research, 21(8-
10): 899-916.
Moore, J. W. and Ramamoorthy, S. (1984) Heavy metals in natural waters. Applied
Monitoring and Impact Assessment, New York, Springer.
Mudre, J. M. and Ney, J. J. (1986) Patterns of accumulation of heavy metals in the
sediment of roadside streams. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 15: 489-
493.
Muller, G. (1979) Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheins-Veranderungen seit
1971. Umschau, 79(24): 778-783.
Muller, H. W., Schwaighofer, B. and Kalman, W. (1994) Heavy metal contents in
river sediments. Water, Air and soil Pollution, 72: 191-203.
Munawar, M. (1970a) Limnological studies on fresh water ponds of Hyderabad. I.
The Biotope. Hydrobiologia, 35: 127-162.
Munawar, M. (1970b) Limnological studies on fresh water ponds of Hyderabad. II.
Biocenose. Hydrobiologia, 36(1): 105-128.
Murray, K. S., Rogors, D. T. and Kaufman, M. M. (2004) Heavy metals in an urban
watershed in Southeastern Michigan. J. Environ. Qual., 33: 163-172.
Mzimela, H. M., Wepener, V. and Cyrus, D. P. (2003) Seasonal variation of selected
metals in sediments, water and tissues of the groovy mullet, Liza dumerelii
276
(Mugilidae) from the Mhlathuze estuary, South Africa. Mar. Pollut. Bull.,
46: 659-676.
Nagaprapurna and Shashikanth, K. (2002) Pollution level in Hussain Sagar lake of
Hyderabad- A case study. Poll. Res., 21(2): 187-190.
Narain, S. and Chauhan, R. (2000) Water quality status of river complex Yamuna at
Panchnada (distt. : Etawah, U. P., India). I : An integrated management
approach. Poll. Res., 19(3): 357-364.
Nasralla, M. M. (1984) Lead in Jeddah urban dust. Environ. Poll., 8: 133-141.
Nayaka, B. M. S., Ramakrishna, S., Jayaprakash and Delvi, M. R. (2009) Impact of
heavy metals on water, fish (Cyprinus cerpio) and sediment from a water
tank at Tumkur, India. Int. J. Ocen. Hydrobiol., 38(2): 17-28.
Nicula, M., Negrea, P., Gergen, I., Harmanescu, M., Gogoasa, I. and Lunca, M.
(2009) Mercury bioaccumulation in tissues of freshwater fish Carassius
auratus gibelio (Silver Crucian Carp) after chronic mercury intoxication.
Scientific Papers Animal Sciences, 52(14): 676-680.
Nolan, K (2003) Copper Toxicity Syndrome. J. Orthomol. Psychiatry, 12(4): 270-
282.
Nolte, J. (1988) Pollution source analysis of river water and sewage sludge. Environ.
Technol. Lett. 9:857-868.
Norris, R. H. and Lake, P. S. (1984) Trace metal concentrations in fish from the South
Esk river, Northeastern Tasmania, Australia. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 33: 348-354.
Nriagu, J. O. and Pacyna, J. (1988) Quantitative assessment of worldwide
contamination of air, water and soil by trace metals. Nature, 333: 134-139.
277
Nsikak, U. B., Joseph, P. E., Akan, B. W., and David, E. B. (2007). Mercury
accumulation in fishes from tropical aquatic ecosystems in the Niger Delta,
Nigeria. Current Science, 92(6), 781–785.
Ogundiran, O. O. and Afolabi, T. A. (2008) Asessment of the physicochemical
parameters and heavy metals toxicity of leachates from municipal solid
waste open dumpsite. Int. J. Environ. Tech., 5(2): 243-250.
Oswald, W. J. (1960) Light conversion efficiency of algal growth in sewage. J. San.,
Eng. Div. Amer. Soc. Civil Engr., 86:71.
Otieno, D. S. (2008) Determination of some physicochemical parametars of the
Nairobi river, Kenya. J. Appl. Aci. Environ. Manage., 12(1): 57-62.
Oyewo, E. O. and Don-Pedro, K. N. (2003) Lethal and sub lethal effects of copper to
the African catfish (Clarias garienpnus). West Afr. J. Appl. Ecol., 4: 115-
123.
Oymak, S. A., Karadede-Akin, H. and Dogan, N. (2009) Heavy metal in tissues of
Tor grypus from The Ataturk Dam Lake, Euphrates river- Turkey. Biologia,
64(1): 151-155.
Ozmen, H. Kulahei, F. Cukurovali, A. and Dogru, M (2004) Concentrations of heavy
metal and radioactivity in surface water and sediment of Hazar Lake (Elazig,
Turkey). Chemosphere, 55: 401-408.
Ozturk, M., Ozozen, G., Minareci, O. and Minareci, E. (2009) Determination of heavy
metals in fish, water and sediments of Avsar Dam lake in Turkey. Iran J.
Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 6(2): 73-80.
Pahwa, D. V. and Mehrotra, S. V. (1996) Observations on fluctuations in the
abundance of plankton in relation to certain hydrobiological condition of
river Ganga. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 36 (2): 157-189.
278
Palharya, J. P. and Malviya, S. (1988) Pollution of Narmada river at Hoshangabad in
M. P. and suggested measures for control. In: Ecology and Pollution of
Indian Rivers (Ed.) Trivedy. R. K., Asian Publishing House. New Delhi, pp.
55-85.
Pande, K. S. and Sharma, S. D. (1999) Distribution of organic matter and toxic metals
in the sediments of Ramganga river at moradabad. Poll. Res., 18(1): 43-47.
Pandey, R. K., Arya, R. K., Verma, A. and Misra, S. K. (2004) Distribution of heavy
metals in the waste water of river Pandu at Kanpur. Poll. Res., 23(2): 335-
342.
Pandey, B. K., Sarkar, U. K., Bhowmik, M. L. and Tripathi, S. D. (1995)
Accumulation of heavy metals in soil, water, aquatic weed and fish samples
of sewage-fed ponds. J. Environ. Biol., 16(2): 97-103.
Pandey, B. N., Kumar, K., Lal, A. K. and Das, P. K. L. (1993) A preliminary study on
the physico-chemical quality of water of the river Koshi at Purnia. J.
Ecobiol., 5(3): 237-239.
Pandey, J., Shubhashish, K. and Pandey, R. (2010) Heavy metal contamination of
Ganga river at Varanasi in relation to atmospheric deposition. Tropical
Ecology, 51: 365-373.
Papagiannis, I., Kagalou, I., Leonardes, J., Petridis, D. and Kalfakakou, V. (2004)
Copper and zinc in four fresh water fish species from lake Pamvotis
(Greece). Environment International, 30: 357-362.
Paramavsivam, M. and Sreenivasan, A. (1981) Changes in algal flora due to pollution
in Cauvery river. Indian J. Environ. Hlth., 23(3) : 222-238.
279
Pardo, R., Barrado, E., Perez, L. and Vega, M. (1990) Determination and speciation
of heavy metals in sediments of the Pisuerga river. Water Research, 24(3):
373-379.
Pascoe, D., Evans, S. A. and Woodworth, J. (1986) Heavy metal toxicity to fish and
the influence of water hardness. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 15: 481-
487.
Patra, A. K. and Nayak, L. D. (1983) Diurnal rhythm in certain physico-chemical
factors in river Hirakud. Geobios New Reports, 2(1): 87-89.
Paul, A. C., Parameswaran, M. and Pillai, K. C. (1994) Trace metals and lanthanides
in a tropical river environment. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 74: 141-153.
Pawar, S. K., Pulle, J. S., Shendge, K. M., Pentewar, M. S. and Itkapalle, A. P. (2009)
Physico-chemical studies of Panshewadi dam water in Kandhar Taluka
district Nanded (M. S.) India. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan, 2(6): 817-
818.
Peerzada, N., Mcmorrow, L., Skiliros, S., Guinea, M. and Ryan, P. (1990) Disribution
of heavy metals in Gove harbour, Northern territory, Australia. The Science
of the Total Environment, 92: 1-12.
Pelig-Ba, K. B., Biney, C. A. and Antwi, L. A. (1991) Trace metal concentrations in
Borehole waters from the upper regions and the Accra plains of Ghana.
Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 59: 333-345.
Pfeiffer, W. C., Fiszman, M., Lacerrda, L. D. D., Weerelt, M. V. and Carboneli, N.
(1982) Chromium in water, suspended particles, sediments and biota in the
Iraja river estuary. Environmental Pollution, 4: 193-205.
Pilotte, J. O., Winchester, J. W. and Glassen, R. C. (1978) Detection of heavy metal
pollution in estuarine sediments. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 9: 363-368.
280
Polprasert, C. (1982) Heavy metal pollution in the Chao Phraya river estuary,
Thailand. Water Research, 16: 775-784.
Pradhan, U. K., Shirodkar, P. V. and Sahu, B. K. (2009) Physico-chemical
characteristics of the coastal water of Devi estuary, Orissa and evaluation of
its seasonal changes using chemometric techniques. Current Science, 96(9):
1203-1209.
Pradit, S., Gullaya, W., Angsupanich, S., Baeyens, W. and Leermakers, M. (2009)
Distribution of trace elements in sediments and biota of Songhkla Lake,
Southern Thailand. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 206: 155-174.
Prahalad, A. K. and Seenayya, G. (1989) Physico-chemical interactions and bio-
concentration of zinc and lead in the industrially polluted Hussainsagar lake,
Hyderabad, India. Environmental Pollution, 58: 139-154.
Prakash, V. (1990) Seasonal variations in abiotic factors at some fresh water
impoundments of Jodhpur, India. J. Curr. Biosci., 3: 95-97.
Prasannakumari, A. A., Devi, G. T. and Sukeskumar, C. P. (2003) Surface water
quality of river Neyyar_ Thiruvanan tha puran, Kerala. Poll. Res., 22(4):
515-525.
PSCST (2005) Heavy metals in rivers. Newsletter, 3(1): 1-8.
Qadri, M. Y. and Yousuf, A. R. (1978) Seasonal variations in the physico-chemical
factors of a subtropical lake of Kashmir. J. Inland fish Soc. India. 10 (2): 89-
96.
Radhakrishnaiah, K. (1988) Accumulation of copper in the organs of freshwater fish,
Labeo rohita (Hamilton), on exposure to lethal and sublethal concentrations
of copper. J. Environ. Biol., 9(3): 319-326.
281
Rajappa, B., Manjappa, S. and Puttaiah, E., T. (2010) Monitoring of heavy metal
concentration in groundwater of Hakinaka Taluk, India. Contemporary
Engineering Sciences, 3(4): 183-190.
Raja, H. A., Schmit, J. P. and Schearer, C. A. (2009) Latitudinal, habitat and substrate
distribution patterns of freshwater escomycetes in the Florida peninsula.
Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(2): 419-455.
Rajmohan, N. and Elango, L. (2005) Distribution of iron, manganese, zinc and
atrazine in groundwater in parts of Palar and Cheyyar river basins, South
India. Environ. Monit. Assess., 107: 115-131.
Ram, P. and Singh, A. K. (2007) Studies on distribution of heavy metals in Ganga
water and its bed sediments along the Patna stretch. J. Environ. Sci. and
Eng., 49(3): 211-214.
Ramesh, R., Subramanian, V. and Van-grieken, R. (1990) Heavy metal distribution in
sediments of Krishna river basin, India. Environ. Geol. Water Sci., 15: 303-
324.
Ramessur, R. T. and Ramjeawon, T. (2002) Determination of lead, chromium and
zinc in sediments from an urbanized river in Mauritius. Environment
International, 28: 315-324.
Rana, B. C. and Palria, S. (1988) Assessment, evaluation and abatement studies of a
polluted river Bandi (Rajasthan). In: Ecology and Pollution of Indian Rivers
(Ed.) Trivedy. R. K., Asian Publishing House. New Delhi, pp. 345-359.
Rani, P., S. and Reddy, P., M. (2003) Preliminary studies on metal concentration on
Hussain Sagar Lake. Poll. Res. 22(3): 377-380.
Rao, C. B. (1955) On the distribution of algae in group of six small ponds. II. Algae
periodicity. J. Ecol., 43: 291-308.
282
Rao, L. M. and Patnaik, R. M. S. (2000) Heavy metal accumulation in the catfish
Mystus vittatus (Bloch) from Mehadrigedda stream of Visakhapatnam, India.
Poll. Res., 19(3): 325-329.
Raphael, E. C., Augustina, O. C. and Frank, O. (2011) Trace metals distribution in
fish tissues, bottom sediments and water from Okumeshi river in Delta State,
Nigeria. Environmental Research Journal, 5(1): 6-10.
Rauf, A., Javed, M. and Ubaidullah, M. (2009) Heavy metal levels in three major
carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala) from the river ravi,
Pakistan. Pak. Vet. J., 29(1): 24-26.
Ray, P., Singh, S. B. and Sehgal, K. L. (1966) A study of some aspects of ecology of
river Ganga and Yamuna at Allahabad (U. P.) in 1958-59. Proc. Nac. Acad.
Sci. India, 36(3): 235-272.
Reid, G. K. (1961) Ecology of Inland water and Estuaries. 2nd Edition. Van Nostrand
Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York. pp. 375.
Reza, R. and Singh, G. (2009) Physico-chemical of ground water in Angul-Talcher
region of Orissa, India. J. Amer. Sci., 595): 53-58.
Roch, M. and McCarter, J. A. (1984) Hepatic metallothionein production and
resistance to heavy metals by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) – I Exposed
to an artificial mixture of zinc, copper and cadmium. Comp. Biochem.
Physiol., 77: 71- 75.
Romeo, M., Siau, Z., Sidoumou, Z. and Mauricette, G., B. (1999) Heavy metal
distribution in different fish species from the Mauritania coast. Sci. Total
Environ., 232: 169 – 175.
283
Sah, J. P., Sah, S. K., Acharya, P., Pant, D. and Lance, V. A. (2000) Assessment of
water pollution in the Narayani river, Nepal. Int. J. Eco. Environ. Sci., 26:
235-252.
Saha, S. B., Mitra, A. Bhattacharya, S. B. and Chaudhary, A. (2001) Status of
sediment with special reference to heavy metal pollution of a brackish water
tidal ecosystem in Northern Sunderbans of West Bengal. Tropical Ecology,
42(1): 127-132.
Saiki, M. K. (1988) Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the
lower San Joaquin river, California, and its tributaries. The Science of the
Total Environment, 74: 199-217.
Saiki, M. K., Castleberry, D. T., May, T. W., Martin, B. A. and Bullard, F. N. (1995)
Copper, cadmium and zinc concentrations in aquatic food chains from the
upper Sacramento river (California) and selected tributaries. Arch. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 29: 484-491.
Sanayei, Y. Ismail, N. and Talebi, S. M. (2009) Determination of heavy metals in
Zayandeh Rood River, Isfahan –Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 6(9):
1209-1214.
Sandwar, B. B. and Tiwari, A. K. (2006) Monthly variation in heavy metals
concentration in Ganga river water in north Bihar region around Barauni-
Mokamah industrial complex and their correlation study. Poll. Res., 25(4):
693-700.
Sarwar, S. G. (1987) Species composition and seasonal variation of periphyton on
Ceratophyllum demersum in Waskur lake, Kashmir. Geobios New Reports,
6(2): 114-115.
284
Saxena, , K. L., Chakrabarti, R. N., Khan, A. Q., Chattopadhya, S. N. and Chandra, H.
(1966) Pollution status of river Gangas near Kanpur. Environ. Hlth., 8(4):
270-285.
Schreier, H., Northcote, T. G. and Hall, K. (1987) Trace metals in fish exposed to
asbestos rich sediments. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 35: 279-291.
Seenayya, G. (1971) Ecological studies in the plankton of certain fresh water ponds of
Hyderabad, India. I. Physico-chemical complexes. Hydrobiologia, 37: 7-31.
Shah, A. R. (1988) Physico-chemical aspects of pollution in river Jhelum (Kashmir)
during 1981-83. In : Ecology and Pollution of Indian Rivers (Ed.) Trivedy.
R. K., Asian Publishing House. New Delhi, pp. 163-207.
Shanthi, M. and Ramanibai, R. (2009) Heavy metal accumulation in Pomadays hasta
and Therapon puta fishes from Ennore coastal zone, Bay of Bengal, India.
Current Biotica, 3(2): 143-155.
Sharif, A. K. M., Mustafa, A. F., Mirza, A. H. and Safiullah, S. (1991) Trace metals in
tropical marine fish from the Bay of Bengal. The Science of the Total
Environment, 107: 135-142.
Sharma, M. and Jain, K. L. (2004) Toxic effects of mercury and cobalt on the
biochemical composition of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). In:
Proceeding of the National workshop on Rational Use of Water Resources
for Aquaculture (Hisar, March 18-19), Ed. S. K. Garg and K. L. Jain.
Sharma, V. P. and Dhaneshwar, R. S. (1986) Significance of pH in the environment.
Ind. J. Env. Proc., 6(4): 272-274.
Shastree, N. K., Islam, M. S., Pathak, S. and Afshan, M. (1991) Studies on the
physico-chemical dimensions of the lentic hydrosphere of Ravindra Sarovar
285
(Gaya). In: Current trends in limnology I.(Ed.) Shastree, N.K. ( ed.)
Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, pp. 133-152.
Shyam Sunder (1988) Monitoring the water quality of river Jhelum, Kashmir. In :
Ecology and Pollution of Indian Rivers (Ed.) Trivedy. R. K., Asian
Publishing House. New Delhi, pp. 131-161.
Shrivastava, V. S. and Sohani, D. (2002) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals. In:
Ecology of Polluted water Vol.-1Ed. Arvind Kumar, Daya Publishing
House, New Delhi. Pp 435-442.
Shukla, V., Rathi, P. and Sastry, K. V. (2002) Effect of cadmium individually and in
combination with other metals on the nutritive value of fresh waterbfish,
Channa punctatus. J. Environ. Biol., 23(2): 105-110.
Shyamala, R., Shanthi, M. and Lalitha, P. ( 2008) Physico-chemical of borewell water
samples of Telungupalayam area in Coimbatore district Tamilnadu, India. E-
Journal of Chemistry, 5(4): 924-929.
Simokawa, K., Takada, H., Kato, K., Takashashi, H., Mori, H., Watanabe, N. and
Ose, Y. (1984) A study on pathway and trend of mercury pollution of
bottom sediment in the Suimon river. Jap. J. Wat. Pollut. Res., 7: 164-171.
Singer, P. C. (1977) Influence of dissolved organics on the distribution, transport and
fate of heavy metals in aquatic system. In: Fate of pollutants in the air and
water environment, Part-1, Suffet, I. H. (Ed.), New York, pp. 155-182.
Singh, A. P., Srivastava, P. C. and Srivastava, P. (2008) Relationship of heavy metals
in natural lake waters with physico-chemical characteristics of waters and
different chemical fractions of metals in sediments. Water, Air and Soil
Pollution, 188: 181-193.
286
Singh, H. R., Badola, S. P. and Dobriyal, A. K. (1982) Ecology of the river Nayar of
Garhwal Himalaya. Uttar Pradesh J. Zool., 2: 72-76.
Singh, M., Ansari, A. A., Muller, G. and Singh, I. B. (1997) Heavy metals in freshly
deposited sediments of Gomati river (a tributary of the Ganga river): effects
of human activities. Environ. Geol., 29(3/4):246-252.
Singh, M., Muller, G. and Singh, I. B. (2002) Heavy metals in freshly deposite
stream sediments of rivers associated with urbanization of the Ganga plain,
India. Water, Air and soil pollution, 141: 35-54.
Singh, M., Muller, G. and Singh, I. B. (2003) Geogenic distribution and baseline
concentration of heavy metals in sediments of the Ganges river, India.
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 80: 1-17.
Singh, R. P. and Mathur, P. (2005) Investigation of variations in physico-chemical
characteristics of a fresh water reservoir of Ajmer city, Rajasthan. Int. J.
Env. Sci., 9: 57-61.
Singh, V. K., Singh, K. P. and Mohan D. (2005) Status of heavy metals in water and
bed sediments of river Gomti- a tributary of the Ganga river, India. Environ.
Monitor. Assess., 105: 43-67.
Singh, V. P., Saxena, P. N., Tiwari, A., Lonsane, B. K., Khan, M.A. and Arora, I.
(1969) Algal flora of sewage Uttar Pradesh in relation to physico-chemical
variables. Environ. Hlth., 11: 208-219.
Sinha, A. K., Srivastava, R. K., Diwivedi, A. and Pande, D. P.(1991) Sediment
characteristics of river Ganga at Shuklagani (Unnao), Gagasso (Rae-Bareli)
and Phakhama (Allahabad). Proc. Nat. Conf. on Aq. Sci. in India, New
Delhi.
287
Sinha, D. K. (2004) Level of some heavy metals in waters from Sai river at Rae Bareli
India for the premonsoon period and after the onset of monsoon. Poll. Res.,
23(1): 113-116.
Sinha, R. K. (1987) Evaluation of pollution, water quality and carbon cycling from
hydrobiological parameters in river Ganges in and aroundPatna. Ph. D.
Thesis, Patna Univ., Patna.
Sinha, R. K. and Prasad, K. (1988) Ganga basin research project. Buxar Barh. Final
Tech. Rep. Patna Univ., Patna.
Sithik, A. M. A., Thirumaran, G., Arumugam, R., Kannan, R. R. R. and
Anantharaman, P. (2009) Physico-chemical parameters of holy places
Agnitheertham and Kothandaramar Temple; Southeast coast of India.
American-Eurasian J. of Sci. Res., 4(2): 108-116.
Sitting, M. (1976) Toxic metals- Pollution control and worker protechtion. Noyes
Data Corporation, New Jersey.
Spasojevic, M., Markovic, G., Rafailovic, L. and Ribic-Zelenovic, L. (2005) Basic
physico-chemical parameters of the Zapadna Morava river water quality in
the Ovcar-Kalblar Gorge area. Acta. Agriculturae Serbica, 10(19): 43-51.
Srikanth, R., Rao, A. M., Kumar, C. S. and Khanum, A. (1993) Lead, cadmium,
nickel, and zinc contamination of ground water around Hussain Sagar Lake,
Hyderabad, India. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 50(1): 138-143.
Sun, L. and Jeng, S. (1998) Comparative zinc concentrations in tissues of common
carp and other aquatic organisms. Zoological Studies, 37: 184-190.
Swarup, K. and Singh, S. R. (1979) Limnological studies of Suraha lake (Ballia). I.
Variations in the water quality. J. Inland fish Soc. India. 2 (1) : 22-23.
288
Syal, J. (1996) Present ecological status of river Satluj in and around Nangal
(Punjab). Ph.D. thesis, Punjabi University, Patiala.
Syres, J. K., Mackay, A. D., Brown, M. W. and Curie, L. D. (1986) Chemical and
physical characteristics of phosphate rock material of varing reactivity. J.
Food. Agric., 37: 1057-1064.
Tepe, Y., Türkmen, M., and Türkmen, A. (2008) Assessment of heavy metals in two
commercial fish species of four Turkish seas. Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment, 146: 277–284.
Terra, B. F., Araujo, F. G., Calza, C. F., Lopes, R. T. and Teixeira, T. P. (2008)
Heavy metal in tissues of three fish species from different trophic levels in a
tropical Brazilian river. Water Air Soil Pollution, 187: 275-284.
Thari, M., Benyaich, F., Bounakhla, M., Bilal, E., Gruffat, J. J., Moutte, J. and Garcia,
D. (2005) Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contents in soils, sediments
and water in region of Meknes ( central Morocco). Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment, 102: 405-417.
Thomas, D. G. M., Brown, M. W., Shurben, D., Solbe, J. F., Creyer, A. and Kay, J.
(1985) A comparison of the sequestration of cadmium and zinc in the tissues
of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) following exposure to the metals singly
or in combination. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 82: 55-62.
Thompson, D. R. (1990) Metal levels in marine vertebrates. In: Furness, V. and
Rainbow, P.S. (Eds.), Heavy Metals in the marine environment. CRC Press,
Boca Raton, FL, pp. 143-182.
Thomson, L. M. (1952) Soils and soil fertility. Mc Graw Hill, N. York, London. pp
230.
289
Topcuoglu, S., Kirbasoglu, Ç. and Yilmaz, Y. Z. (2004) Heavy metal levels in biota
and sediments in the northern coast of the Marmara Sea. Environ. Monit.
Assess., 96: 183-189.
Tripathi, B. D., Sikandar, M. and Shukla, S. C. (1991) Physico-chemical
characterization of city sewage discharged into river Ganga at Varanasi,
India. Environ. Int., 17 (5): 469-478.
Trivedi, R. K., Khatavkar, S. D. and Arjugade, B. L. (2002) Heavy metal pollution in
the River Krishna and Koyana in Maharashtra, India. In: Ecology of polluted
Waters, Vol. I Eds. Arvind Kumar, A.P.H. Publishing House, Delhi.
Trivedy, R. K. and Goel, P. K. (1986) Chemical and biological methods for water
pollution studies. Environmental Publications, Karad.
Turekian, K. K. and Wedepohl, K. H. (1961) Distribution of elements in some major
units of the earth’s crust. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 72: 175-192.
Turkmen, A., Tepe, Y. and Turkmen, M. (2008) Metal levels in tissues of the
European Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus L., 1758, and Picarel, Spicara
smaris L., 1758, from black, Marmara and Aegean Seas. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 80: 521-525.
Turkmen, A., Turkmen, M., Tepe, Y. and Cekic, M. (2009) Metals in tissues of fish
from Yelkoma lagoon, northeastern Mediterranean. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment, 168: 223-230.
Türkmen, M., and Ciminli, C. (2007) Determination of metals in fish and mussel
species by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Food
Chemistry, 103: 670–675.
290
Uluturhan, E. (2009) Heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments from two
regions (Saros and Gokova Gulfs) of the Eastern Aegean Sea.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 165: 675-684.
Unlu, E. and Gumgum, B. (1993) Concentration of copper and zinc in fish and
sediments from the Tigris river in Turkey. Chemosphere, 26(11): 2055-
2061.
Unlu, E., Akba, O., Sevim, S. and Gumgum, B. (1996) Heavy metal levels in mullet,
Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) (mugilidae) from the Tigris river, Turkey.
Fresenius Envir. Bull., 5: 107112.
Upadhyaya, N. P. and Roy, N. N. (1982) Studies in river pollution in Kathmandu
valley. Indian J. Environ. Hlth., 24(2) : 124-135.
Uysal, H. and Tuncer, S. (1983) Comparison of heavy metals in two groups of ringed
seals (Phocahispida) from the Canadian Arctic. Canadian Journal of Aquatic
Sciences, 46: 1558-1563.
Valarmathi, S., Azariah, J. and Govindasamy, C. (2002) Seasonal variation of
physico-chemical parameters in estuarine and coastal water samples of
Madras coast, Bay of Bengal, India. Poll. Res.21 (2): 177-185.
Vasisht, H. S. and Sharma, K. (1975) Ecology of a typical urban pond in Ambala city
of Haryana. Indian. J. Ecol., 2(1): 79-86.
Vazquez, G. F., Diaz, R. A., Salvador, L. G. and Sharma, V. K. (1998) Dissolved
metals in Alvarado lagoon, Mexico. Environment International, 24(7): 721-
727.
Vazquez, G., F., Delgado, H., D. and De La Huerta, C., J. (1993) Trace and heavy
metals in San Andres Lagoon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Environment
International, 19: 71-77.
291
Venkateshwarlu, V. and Jayanti, T. V. (1968) Hydrobiological studies of river
Sabarmati to evaluate quality. Hydrobiologia, 31: 442-448.
Verma, S. R. and Shukla, G. R. (1969) Pollution in perennial stream, Khala Laksar,
Shaharanpur, India. Environ. Hlth., 11: 145-162.
Vinodhini, R. and Narayanan, M. (2008) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs
of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (common carp). Int. J. Environ. Sci.
Tech., 5(2): 179-182.
Vivian, C. M. G. and Massie, K. S. (1977) Trace metals in waters and sediments of
the river Tawe, South Wales, in relation to local sources. Environ. Pollu.,
14: 47-60.
Voutsinou – Taliadouri, F. (1982) Monitoring of some metals in some marine
organisms from the Saronikos Gulf. VI Journees Etud Pollutions, Cannes,
C.I.E.S.M. 329-333.
Wang, L. Yu, R. Hu, G. and Tu, X. (2009) Speciation and assessment of heavy metals
in surface sediments of Jinjiang River Tidal reach, Southeast of China.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 165: 491-499.
Wanganeo, A. (1984) Primary production characteristics of a Himalayan lake in
Kashmir. Int. Revue Ges. Hydrobiol., 69(1): 79-90.
Watanabe, K. H., Desimore, F. W., Thiyagarajah, A., Hartley, W. R. and Hindrichs,
A. E. (2003) Fish tissue quality in the lower Mississippi river and health
risks from fish consumption. Sci. Total Environ., 302(1-3): 109-126.
Welch. P. S. (1952) Limnology, 2nd Ed. Mc Graw Hill Book Co., New York.
Winger, P. V. and Andreasen, J. K. (1985) Contaminant residues in fish and
sediments from lakes in the Atchafalaya river basin (Louisiana). Arch.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 14: 579-586.
292
Winkler, L. W. (1888) The determination of dissolved oxygen in water. Berlin. Deut.
Chem. Ges., 21: 2843.
Wong, C. K., Wong, P. P. K. and Chu, L. M. (2001) Heavy metal concentrations in
marine fishes collected from fish culture sites in Hong Kong. Arch. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 40: 60-69.
Woodword, G. M. (1984) Pollution control in the Humber estuary. Water Poll. Cont.,
83 (1): 82-90.
World Health Organization (2003) WHO guidelines for drinking water quality.
Geneva.
http//www.who.int/water_senitation_health/dwq/GDWQ2004web.pdf.
Yang, H. and Rose, N. (2005) Trace element pollution records in some UK lake
sediments, their history, influence factor and regional differences.
Environment International, 31: 63-75.
Yasuhiro, S., Duong, V. T., Daigo, S., Doan, C. and Yoshito, K. (2007) Arsenic and
other metal contamination of groundwater in the Mekong River Delta,
Vietnam. Journal of Health Science, 53(3): 344-346.
Yildirim, Y., Gonulalan, Z., Narin, I. and Soylak, M. (2009) Evaluation of trace heavy
metal levels of some fish species sold at retail in Kayseri, Turkey.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 149: 223-228.
Yilmaz, A. B. (2005). Comparison of heavy metals of greymullet (Mugil cephalus L.)
and sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) caught in Iskenderun Bay (Turkey).
Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29: 257–262.
Yılmaz, F. (2006) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in water, sediment, aquatic plants
and tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Kızılırmak, Turkey. Fresenius
Environmental Bulletin, 15(5): 360-369.
293
Yilmaz, F., Ozdemir, N., Demirak, A. and Tuna, A.L. (2007) Heavy metal levels in
two fish species Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus. Food Chemistry,
100: 830-835.
Yingming, L. and Corey, R. B. (1993) Redistribution of sludge-borne cadmium,
copper and zinc in a cultivated plot. J. Environ. Qual., 22: 1-8.
Young, R. A. (2005) Toxicity Profiles: toxicity summary for cadmium, risk
assessment information system, RAIS, University of Tennessee
(rais.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/cadmium.shtml).
Zutshi, D. P. and Khan, M. A. (1978) On lake typology of Kashmir. Environ. Physiol.
Ecol., 465-472.
Zuthi, D. P. and Vass, K. K. (1978) Limnological studies on Dal lake, II- Chemical
features. Ind. J. Ecol., 5: 90-97.
Zyadah, M. A. (1999) Accumulation of some heavy metals in Tilapia zillii organs
from lake Manzalah, Egypt. Tr. J. of Zoology, 23: 365-372.