oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi khalaf, 2009 : a new tilapia subspecies from fujairah, uae

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Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 92 – August 2009 – Sha’ban 1430

Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi

Khalaf, 2009 : A New Mozambique Tilapia

Subspecies from Wadi Al Wurayah Pools,

Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates

By: Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa

Abstract: A new subspecies of Mozambique Tilapia of the genus Oreochromis (Pisces:

Cichlidae) from Wadi Al Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates is

described. This new subspecies is distinguished from the subspecies Oreochromis

mossambicus mossambicus living in Saudi Arabia, Oman and United Arab Emirates, by its

distinctive body colouration and the smaller size. It is morphologically and

geographically distinct from the subspecies Oreochromis mossambicus mossambicus. The

new subspecies was named Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi Khalaf, 2009.

Keywords: Mozambique Tilapia, Emirati Tilapia, Wadi Al Wurayah Tilapia, Bassam

Khalaf‟s Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi, Freshwater Fish, New

Subspecies, Wadi Al Wurayah, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, Arabian

Peninsula, Middle East.

Introduction:

During two field trips to Wadi Al Wurayah, the U.A.E.‟s first mountain protected area,

located in Al Hajar Mountains, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, on Saturday

the 8th August 2009 and Saturday the 15th August 2009, accompanied with my wife Ola

and my daughter Nora, I inspected Wadi Al Wurayah pools and waterfall, and after

diving in the circa 6 meter deep pool, I saw many Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis

mossambicus ssp.) swimming in the pool waters. These fish were observed, examined,

measured and photographed.

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The newly discovered Emirati Tilapia, Wadi Al Wurayah Tilapia or Bassam Khalaf‟s Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi Khalaf, 2009) from Wadi Al Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Underwater Photo: Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 15.08.2009. www.fotocommunity.de/pc/pc/display/18906942

Description and Distinctive Features:

After examining Oreochromis mossambicus from the pools of Wadi Al Wurayah, I began

comparing with the subspecies Oreochromis mossambicus mossambicus living in Saudi

Arabia, Oman and United Arab Emirates. The Wadi Al Wurayah new subspecies

Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi Khalaf, 2009, have a smaller size. The specimens

measured were between 25 – 30 centimeters. The general body colouration is olive,

yellowish to blue-gray with a silvery iridescence. The belly is lighter and may have

reddish overtones. The tail fin is with spots. The tail and dorsal fins are edged with red

and the pectoral fins are red. At spawning times, the throat of the male is silver-white,

while the rest of the body darkens. There are three unclear spots in a horizontal row on

the flanks, and six or seven unclear vertical bands on the body. Males are often with an

enlarged mouth and a concave head profile. The colour of eyes varies from yellow to

dark brown. Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi have 16 to 20 gill rakers.

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Two Emirati Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi Khalaf, 2009) from Wadi Al

Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Underwater Photo: Ola

Mostafa Khalaf. 15.08.2009. www.fotocommunity.de/pc/pc/display/18908728

Distribution:

The original habitat of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) is the Limpopo River,

Mozambique, East Africa. They have been introduced to various tropical and

subtropical waters all over the world. In the Arabian Peninsula, it lives in Saudi Arabia,

Oman and the Emirates. The new subspecies Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi is

endemic to Wadi Al Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.

Diet:

The Wadi Al Wurayah Tilapias are omnivores that consume detrital material,

vegetation with various ranges from diatoms to macro-algae to rooted plants,

invertebrates, and small fry.

Potential to compete with Native Fish:

Oreochromis mossambicus pose threats to local native populations through competition

for food and nesting space (Courtenay et al. 1974). This interaction may reduce the

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biodiversity of the native fishery due to reduction of food availability and/or by the

native fish being eaten as prey (Neil 1966, Bruton and Boltt 1975). But in the Wadi Al

Wurayah Pools, it has been observed that Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi was not

preying on the local Wadi Al Wurayah Fish Garra barreimiae wurayahi Khalaf, 2009.




Etymology / Derivation of Scientific Name:

The scientific name Oreochromis: oreos is a Greek word which means “of the mountains”

and chroma is also Greek and means “colour”; Mossambicus is Latin for Mozambique;

and bassamkhalafi is Latin for my father “Bassam Khalaf” (1938 – 2006).

This subspecies of the Mozambique or Common Tilapia is named in honour of my

beloved father “Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf” (Abu Ali), who was born in Jaffa, Palestine,

on 10 March 1938, and died in Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Germany on 17 February 2006.

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My father was a saltwater and freshwater fish lover all his life. He kept always

aquarium fish in our home, and his great hobby was deep sea fishing. I learned a lot

from him, including my first animal knowledge and the need to live with love and

respect for all the animals we share our planet with.

Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf (1938 – 2006). http://bassam-ali-taher-khalaf.webs.com

Conclusion:

After studying and examining the Oreochromis mossambicus at Wadi Al

Wurayah pools, and comparing with the subspecies Oreochromis mossambicus

mossambicus living in Saudi Arabia, Oman and the United Arab Emirates, and

referring to many zoological references, and searching the Internet, I came

finally to a conclusion that we are in front of a new subspecies of the

Mozambique Tilapia from Wadi Al Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah,

United Arab Emirates.

I gave it the scientific name Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi, new

subspecies. The subspecies name “bassamkhalaf” is Latin for my father

“Bassam Khalaf” (1938 – 2006).

Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi, new subspecies:

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Scientific trinomial name: Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi Khalaf,

2009.

Authority: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa.

Common Names: Emirati Tilapia, Wadi Al Wurayah Tilapia, Bassam Khalaf’s

Tilapia.

Holotype: Ombk-1, Male, 25 cm, Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa’s Collection.

Location: Wadi Al Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.

Date of capture: 15th August, 2009.




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Acknowledgments: A Special thanks is due to my wife Ola Mostafa Khalaf, who

assisted me with the shooting of the underwater photos for this scientific article; and to

both my wife and daughter Nora Norman Ali Khalaf, who shared with me the field

trips to Wadi Al Wurayah, and gave me the opportunity to discover a new Emirati

Tilapia Subspecies.

Emirati Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi Khalaf, 2009) from Wadi Al

Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah, U.A.E. Underwater Photo: Ola Mostafa Khalaf.

15.08.2009. www.fotocommunity.de/pc/pc/display/18906973

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Emirati Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi Khalaf, 2009) from Wadi Al



Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa at Wadi Al Wurayah, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab

Emirates. Photo: Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 08.08.2009.

www.fotocommunity.de/pc/pc/mypics/1213310/display/18121360

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Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa studying the fish fauna in Wadi Al Wurayah Pools,

Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Photo: Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 15.08.2009.

www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf?ref=name#/photo.php?pid=2482390&id=537

328302

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http://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf?ref=name#/photo.php?pid=2482390&id=537328302


http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=2482391&id=537328302

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Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa diving and studying the fish fauna in Wadi Al Wurayah Pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Underwater Photo: Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 15.08.2009. www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf?ref=name#/photo.php?pid=2482392&id=537328302




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Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa diving and studying the fish fauna in Wadi Al

Wurayah Pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Underwater Photo: Ola

Mostafa Khalaf. 15.08.2009.

www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf?ref=name#/photo.php?pid=2482391&id=537

328302




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Fifth Year. Safar 1408 AH. September 1987 AD. Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. pp. 1-7. Khalaf, Norman Ali (1989). Qa‟ema li-ba‟d Asmak Al-Kuwait fi Al-Mathaf Al-„Ilmi Bi-Dawlat Al-Kuwait (A List of some Kuwaiti Fishes from the Science & Natural History Museum, State of Kuwait). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 19. Seventh Year. December 1989. Bonn 2-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. pp. 3. (In Arabic and English). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). A Trip to Zoo Budapest, Hungary. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 21, Ninth Year, January 1991. pp. 1-4. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). The Gulf War and its effect on the Arabian Ecosystem (Part One). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 23, Ninth Year, July 1991. pp. 1-12. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). The Gulf War and its effect on the Arabian Ecosystem (Part Two). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 24, Ninth Year, August 1991. pp. 1-10. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). The Gulf War and its effect on the Arabian Ecosystem (Part Three). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 25, Ninth Year, September 1991. pp. 1-7. Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). Notes on the Biological Ecology of the Marshes in Southern Iraq. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 29, Tenth Year, September 1992. pp. 1-9. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). The United Nations Ecological Report confirms: The Regime of Saddam is destroying the Marshes (Al-Ahwar) Ecosystem. Sawt Al-Kuwait International Newspaper. Saturday 17 October 1992, 21 Rabi‟e Al-Thani 1412. pp. 15. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali B. (1993). Al-Mushkilatan Al-Ma‟eyah wa Al-Bi‟eyah fi Al-Dafah Al-Gharbiyah wa Qita‟ Ghaza Al-Muhtalain (Ka-Juzu‟ min Al-Sharq Al-Awsat) [The Water and the Ecological Problems in the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip (As Part of the Middle East)]. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 31. Eleventh Year. December 1993. Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany. pp. 1- 29. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae‟q Al-Nouma‟n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and

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Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan (June) 1994. pp. 16-21. (In Arabic). Acquaintance Card: Majallet Al-Ghazzal (Gazelle Magazine): The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn, Germany. Shqae‟q Al-Nouma‟n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan (June) 1994. pp. 51-52. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali B.(1995). Alasmak fi Filistin (Die Fische von Palaestina / The Fishes of Palestine). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 33. Thirteenth Year. December 1995. Bonn, Germany. pp.1-35. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Ali Bassam (1997). Amir Al-Bahar Al-Arabi (The Arabian Sea Prince) Shihab Al-Deen Ahmad Bin Majed. Magazin der Akademie. Nummer 1. Zu Elke‟da 1417 H, Maerz 1997. Koenig Fahad Akademie – Bonn, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Deutschland. pp. 23-24. (in Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit Juni 2001). Yahoo! Deutschland Group: Wale und Delphine. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Wale_und_Delphine/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Gazelle: Das Palaestinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. Erste Auflage / First Edition, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten / Pages. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004: 460 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Der Komoren-Quastenflosser (Latimeria chalumnae) und der Manado-Quastenflosser (Latimeria menadoensis). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 38. Twenty Third Year. February 2005. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. pp. 1-8. www.geocities.com/jaffacity/quastenflosser.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Story of Prophet Musa (Moses) and the Fish. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 38, Twenty-third Year, February 2005. pp. 14-15. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Moses Perch (Lutjanus russelli, Bleeker 1849). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 38, Twenty-third Year, February 2005. pp. 15. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Fish of Musa (Samak Musa). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 38, Twenty-third Year, February 2005. pp. 16. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Samak Al-Luchs (Al-Hamoor) or the Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) in Palestine (Mediterranean Sea) and the United

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Arab Emirates (Arabian Gulf). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 39, Twenty-third Year, March 2005. pp. 1-6. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Jaffa (Yaffa): The History of an Old Palestinian Arab City on the Mediterranean Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 39, Twenty-third Year, March 2005. pp. 7-8. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Andromeda Sea Monster of Jaffa. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 39, Twenty-third Year, March 2005. pp. 8. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Jewfish (Epinephelus itajara) / Der Riesenzackenbarsch oder Judenfisch (Epinephelus itajara). Gazelle: The Palestinian

Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 39, Twenty-third Year, March 2005. pp. 9-12. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Arabian Freshwater Fishes in the Arabia‟s Wildlife Centre, Sharjah Desert Park, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 40, Twenty-third Year, April 2005. pp. 1-9. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Arabian_Freshwater_Fish.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (Gründer) (seit Juni 2005). Der Quastenflosser: Coelacanth Latimeria Yahoo! Deutschland Group. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Quastenflosser/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Koran Angelfish (Pomacanthus semicirculatus, Cuvier, 1831). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 44. Twenty-third Year. August 2005. Jamada Alakhira 1426. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. pp. 1-8. http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Koran_Angelfish.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005 / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. Erste Auflage / First Edition, August 2005: 376 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/aquaticaarabica.htm Khalaf, N.A.B. (2005). The Schooling of Sumatra Barbs (Barbus tetrazona tetrazona) and Minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus). [M.Sc. Dissertation in Ecology, Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of Durham, England. September 1986. pps. 59 + iv]. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. Erste Auflage, August 2005. Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. pp. 28-93. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Rafah Zoo in the Rafah Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip, Palestine : A Story of Destruction by the Israeli Occupation Army. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 46, Twenty-third Year, October 2005, Ramadan 1426. pp. 1-11. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (2005). The Qalqilia Zoo and the Natural History Museum in the City of Qalqilia, West Bank, Occupied Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal

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1426. pp. 1-10. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (Member of PALESTA) (2005). Palestinian Scientists and Technologists Abroad (PALESTA). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 11-12. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Eine Persoenlichkeit aus Jaffa, Palaestina / A Personality from Jaffa, Palestine: Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf (Abu Ali) (1938-2006). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 56, Twenty-fourth Year, August 2006. pp. 8-19. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://bassam-ali-taher-khalaf.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Ein Besuch im Neunkircher Zoo, Neunkirchen, Saarland, Deutschland / A Visit to Neunkirchen Zoo, Neunkirchen, Saarland, Germany. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 59, November 2006. pp. 1-25. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (in Arabisch / Arabic). http://khalaf.homepage24.de/text_88839638_85658724_59480041_deutsch.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Zum 1. Todestag : Eine Persoenlichkeit aus Jaffa, Palaestina / The First Death Anniversary : A Personality from Jaffa, Palestine : Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf (Abu Ali) (1938-2006). Gazelle: Das Palaestinensische Biologische Bulletin. Nummer 62, Februar 2007, Muharram 1428 AH. Seite 11. Sharjah, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate. http://bassam-ali-taher-khalaf.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit Juni 2007). Yahoo! Deutschland Group: Fauna Palaestina. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Palaestina/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit August 2007). Haie – Sharks Yahoo! Deutschland Group. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Haie_Sharks/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit September 2007). Yahoo! Deutschland Group: Fauna Arabica. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Arabica/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Haywanat Filistin (Fauna of Palestine). Wikipedia, Al-Mawsu'a Al-Hurra (The Free Encyclopedia). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 69, Twenty-fifth Year, September 2007 CE, Sha‟ban 1428 AH. pp. 1-4. (in Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). A Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus, Smith 1828) caught off the Kuwaiti Coast: The Second Record from the State of Kuwait, Arabian / Persian Gulf. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 71, November 2007. pp. 1-20. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Whale_Shark_Kuwait.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Rhiniodon typus Smith, 1828 or Rhincodon typus Smith, 1829: The Story of a Scientific Name.

http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Arabica/

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Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 71, November 2007. pp. 21. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Rhiniodon_Rhincodon.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Whale Sharks in Palestinian Waters: A Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus, Smith 1828) rescued near the Tantura Beach, Carmel Coast, North Palestine: The First Record from the Palestinian Mediterranean Coast. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 71, November 2007. pp. 22-23. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Whale_Shark_Palestine.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Whale Sharks in Palestinian Waters: Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus, Smith 1828) near Um Al-Rashrash (Eilat) Beach, Gulf of Aqaba, South Palestine: First Records from the Palestinian Red Sea Coast. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 71, November 2007. pp. 23-26. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (Abstract in English and Arabic). http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Whale_Shark_Palestine.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). An Ocean Sunfish or Common Mola (Mola mola, Linnaeus 1758) caught off the coast of Gaza: The First Record from Palestine, East Mediterranean Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 72, December 2007, pp. 1-16. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Gaza_Ocean_Sunfish.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Cetacea Palaestina: The Whales and Dolphins in Palestinian Waters. Cetacean Species Guide for Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 83, November 2008, Thu Al-Qi‟ada 1429 AH. pp. 1-14. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Cetacea_Palaestina.html Khalaf, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Zum 3. Todestag : Eine Persönlichkeit aus Jaffa, Palästina / The Third Death Anniversary : A Personality from Jaffa, Palestine : Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf (Abu Ali) (1938-2006). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Nummer 86, Februar 2009, Safar 1430 AH. Seite 21. Sharjah, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate. http://bassam-ali-taher-khalaf.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). A Longcomb Sawfish (Pristis zijsron Bleeker, 1851) caught off the coast of Dibba, United Arab Emirates, Gulf of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 88, April 2009, Rabi‟e Al Thani 1430 AH. pp. 1-14. http://dibba-sawfish.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr.Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Garra barreimiae wurayahi Khalaf, 2009 : A New Blind Cave Fish Subspecies from Wadi Al Wurayah Pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 90, June 2009, Jumada Al-Akhera 1430 AH. pp. 1-15. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://emirati-blind-cave-fish.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/

http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Whale_Shark_Palestine.html

http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Gaza_Ocean_Sunfish.html

http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Cetacea_Palaestina.html

http://dibba-sawfish.webs.com/

http://emirati-blind-cave-fish.webs.com/

http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/

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Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi Khalaf, 2009 : A New Mozambique Tilapia Subspecies from Wadi Al Wurayah Pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 92, August 2009, Sha‟ban 1430 AH. pp. 1-25. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://emirati-tilapia.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Zoologist, Ecologist and Geologist : The Scientific References (1980-2009). http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-references.webs.com/ Knaggs E. H. (1977). Status of the genus Tilapia in California's estuarine and marine waters. California-Nevada wildlife Transactions 1977:60-67. Krupp, F. (1983). Fishes of Saudi Arabia. Freshwater Fishes of Saudi Arabia and Adjacent Regions of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5:568-636. Krupp, F. and Schneider, W. (1989). The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 10:347-416. Kuronoma, K. and Abe, Y. (1986). Fishes of the Arabian Gulf. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, State of Kuwait. xiii + 357 pp., 30 plates. Lee D. S., Gilbert C. R., Hocutt C. H., Jenkins R. E., McAllister D. E., and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. (1980). Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, NC. 854 p. Lindner, Jessica (2009). Garra barreimiae barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz 1956. AquaNet Lexikon. www.aqua-shop24.de/content/lexikon/a108cd1d-063b-4226-8c1b-8f2703321c25?t=1 List of Freshwater Fishes for Saudi Arabia. http://fish.mongabay.com/data/Saudi_Arabia.htm List of Freshwater Fishes for United Arab Emirates. http://fish.mongabay.com/data/United_Arab_Emirates.htm Mahdi, N. (1962). Fishes of Iraq. Ministry of Education, Baghdad. 82 pp. Maulood, B. K., Hinton, G. C. F., Kamees, H. S., Saleh, F. A. K., Shaban, A. A. and Al Shahwani, S. M. H. (1979). An ecological survey of some aquatic ecosystems in southern Iraq. Tropical Ecology, 20(1):27-40. Mietle, P. L. (1967). The fisheries of the Near East region. Fisheries Circular, Food and Agriculture Organization, 112:140 pp. Moçambique-Maulbrüter. http://tierdoku.com/index.php?title=Mo%C3%A7ambique-Maulbr%C3%BCter Mook D. (1983). Responses of common fouling organisms in the Indian River, Florida, to various predation and disturbance intensities. Estuaries 6:372-379.

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Moyle P.B. (1976). Inland fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 330 p. Mozambique Mouth Brooder Oreochromis mossambicus. http://fish.mongabay.com/species/Oreochromis_mossambicus.html Neil E.H. (1966). Observations on the behavior of Tilapia mossambica (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Hawaiian ponds. Copeia 1966:50-56. Nico, L. (2006). Oreochromis mossambicus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Oreochromis aureus (Israeli tilapia).

http://cdserver2.ru.ac.za/cd/011120_1/Aqua/SSA/oaureus.htm Oreochromis aureus blue tilapia. www.bio.txstate.edu/~tbonner/txfishes/oreochromis%20aureus.htm

Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa and his daughter Nora Khalaf posing for the camera in Wadi Al Wurayah Pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Underwater Photo: Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 15.08.2009. www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf?ref=name#/photo.php?pid=2482395&id=537328302

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Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852). http://nis.gsmfc.org/nis_factsheet2.php?toc_id=195 Oreochromis mossambicus (Weißkehlmaulbrüter).

www.aquariumforum.de/showthread.php?t=14745 Oreochromis mossambicus. www.cabicompendium.org/NamesLists/AC/Full/OREOMO.htm Oreochromis mossambicus. http://theaquariumwiki.com/Oreochromis_mossambicus Oreochromis mossambicus (fish). www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=131 Oreochromis mossambicus. www.sms.si.edu/IRLspec/Oreochromis_mossambicus.htm Oreochromis mossambicus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreochromis_mossambicus

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www.springerlink.com/content/q77l2r015h607u1n/ Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. www.aquaticcommunity.com/tilapia/Oreochromis-mossambicus.php Tilmant, J.T. (1999). Management of nonindigenous aquatic fish in the U.S. National Park System. National Park Service. 50 p. Trewevas E. (1983). Tilapiine Fishes of The Genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Museum of Natural History, Publication Number 878.Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca, New York. 583 p. Trewevas, E. (1968). The Name and Natural Distribution of the "Tilapia from Zanzibar" (Pisces, Cichlidae). FAO Fisheries Reports 44(5):246-254. Van der Waal, Dr. Ben. University of Venda. Another fish on its way to extinction? www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2002/january/tilapia.htm Von den Driesch, A. (1986). Fischknochen aus Abu Salabikh/Iraq. Iraq, 48:31-38. Weißkehlbarsch (Oreochromis mossambicus) - Haltung im Aquarium. www.aqualistix.info/Cichlidae/zierfische/Oreochromis+mossambicus.html Whiteside, B. G. (1975. Additional distribution notes on the Mozambique tilapia in Texas. Texas Journal of Science 26(3/4):620. Wikipedia. Oreochromis mossambicus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreochromis_mossambicus

مدير األمور الطبية في الجيش العراقي سابقاً وعضو في المجمع العلمي العربي )المعلوف الفريق أمين : بقلم. ُمعجم الحيوان

.صفحة 271. دار الرائد العربي ، بيروت ، لبنان ( . بدمشق

، ةينيطسلفلا ريرحتلا ةمظنم . 84 مقر ةينيطسلف تاسارد . يليجر وبأ ليلخ : ملقب . ةلتحملا نيطسلف يف ةيناويحلا ةورثلا

. ةحفص 159 . 1971 (وينوي)ن اريزح . نانبل ، توريب ، تاداسلا عراش نم عرفتملا ، ينابمولوك عراش . ثاحبألا زكرم

http://www.springerlink.com/content/q77l2r015h607u1n/

http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tilapia/Oreochromis-mossambicus.php

http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tilapia/Oreochromis-mossambicus.php

http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2002/january/tilapia.htm

http://www.aqualistix.info/Cichlidae/zierfische/Oreochromis+mossambicus.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreochromis_mossambicus

oreochromis mossambicus bassamkhalafi khalaf, 2009 : a new tilapia subspecies from fujairah, uae

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