reference & research writing 101

Reference & Research Writing 101Reference & Research Writing 101

Uniformed Writing forTrinity Theological Seminary of South

FloridaT. Carter C. Ed Ph.D.

A note to the Student and Teacher

To The Student, This workbook was both developed and donated to Trinity

Theological Seminary of South Florida for uniformity. Its purpose is to give an understanding of the Reference & Research Courses, and keep all students and campuses on one accord with not only the APA Format, but also with bookbinding, course descriptions, course objectives, and assignments in Reference & Research Writing 101, 102, and 103. Finally it is my prayer that you find this simplified text both helpful and educational as you complete each course.


COURSE DESCRIPTION: THIS COURSE IS DESIGNED TO REACQUAINT THE STUDENT WITH BASIC PUBLIC SPEAKING, AND WRITING SKILLS.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:UPON SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO;• WRITE A BASIC PAPER WITH FEW OR NO GRAMMATICAL ERRORS• GIVE A FIVE MINUTE SPEECH WITH FEW OR NO “VERBAL” ERRORS, • BE READY FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING (BOTH PREPARED & IMPROMTU) AT ALL TIMES • KNOW HOW TO PREPARE (WRITE) A SPEECH …

GRADING ANALYSIS: IN ACCORDANCE WITH TRINITY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY'S GRADING SYSTEM

ATTENDANCE POLICY: IN ACCORDANCE WITH TRINITY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY'S ATTENDANCE POLICY


REQUIRED CLASS MATERIALS: •BIBLE (ANY TRANSLATION), •LOOSE LEAF PAPER, •INK

PENS (BLUE OR BLACK INK) •RRW WB I


QUIZZES/TESTS: • 2 SPEACHES (50 pts EACH) = 100 POINTS

•MIDTERM EXAM = 100 POINTS •FINAL EXAM = 100 POINTS

• Homework OUTLINE • Homework OUTLINE & NOTES (for final speech)


WEEKLY ASSIGNMENTS: WEEK 1 PUBLIC SPEAKING (AN

INTRODUCTION) & Impromptu Speaking WEEK 2 PREPARED SPEAKING, OUTLINING,

& NOTETAKING WEEK 3 MIDTERM PRESENTATION –or- test WEEK 4 From SPEAKING TO WRITING, 4 TYPES

OF WRITING WEEK 5 CLASS REVIEW & PREPARATION

FOR FINAL PRESENTATION WEEK 6 FINAL EXAM PRESENTATION – or -

test


Course OutlinePublic Speaking Impromptu Speaking Prepared Speaking, Notes, and

Outlining From Speaking to Writing, Four

Types of WritingCourse Review


Week One - Public Speaking Public Speaking is defined as the act, art, or

process of making effective speeches before an audience. Please note that all audiences are different. An audience can be one to one million people or more. Therefore the size of the audience in public speaking does not matter. However the important thing is that what ever is being spoken is effective.

Effective Public Speaking is having the power to not only effect, but to also influence… change a mind set, inform, and clarify with understanding.


Class Discussion: Place postings on Writing Assignment Forum of the Website

In your own words define each of the following, and explain why each word or phrase is so important in Public Speaking:

•Influence •Changing a mind set •Inform •Clarifying with understanding/ getting an understanding Explain how and why public speakers have the power to do all of the

following: •Influence •Changing a mind set •Inform •Clarifying with understanding/ getting and giving an understanding Why is it so important to be effective in Public Speaking? Give a biblical example (book, chapter, verse) of all four areas listed in

number two.


Types of Public Speaking:

Impromptu Speaking Impromptu Speaking can best be defined as speaking that is prompted by the occasion rather than being

planned in advance. Topics for this type of speaking are vast and many. However this type of speaking can come in many forms, for example it may be, but not limited to any of the following:

I Peter 3:15“ But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you

a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear:”

Luke 12:12“ For the Holy Ghost shall teach you in the same hour what ye ought to say.”

• Your own personal testimony (Revelations 12:11)Rev. 12:11 “ And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their

lives unto the death.”

• Leading Someone to Christ (Romans 10:9)Romans 10:9 “That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised

him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. “

•An Occasion for a program, or Welcome Address •Reflections (in memory of someone) •Introducing a Speaker


Class Message Board Discussion: Place postings on Writing Assignment Forum of the Website

Briefly Share a few experiences in which you had to speak impromptu. Class Activity: You will now have the opportunity to participate in impromptu speaking.

The instructor will post a topic online (which you have not prepared to speak on) and you will have 3 -5 minutes to speak virtually on the chat forum.( Please note that there is a time limit to this assignment even though it is online – thus your time in responding should show that your response was indeed “impromptu.” Therefore the length of time (on your response) and the date of the submission are both apart of this grade.

Homework Write a short summary of your experience on online. What did you think

and how did you feel? Submit it in the Assignment Drop Box


Week Two - Prepared Public Speaking

II Timothy 2:15 summarizes the meaning or definition of prepared speaking, as it is written, “Study to show thyself approved unto God a workman that need not to be ashamed rightly dividing the word of the truth” (KJV: Zondervan, 1998).

When time has been given, it should show in your speaking and be seen in the presentation.

What is your presentation saying to God and others? What is your presentation conveying to your audience? What is your presentation saying about you?

Now unlike impromptu speaking, prepared speaking is an allotted amount of time given in which an individual may prepare to exhort, present, expound, etc on any given topic.


Discussion: Briefly share a few experiences in which you had

to speak, but you did have ample enough time to prepare. ( At the Virtual Assignment Location)

Class Activity: You will now have the opportunity to participate

in prepared speaking (virtually) . Go to Virtual Assignment Location

You can choose a topic. You will have time to look up your topics (Bible Verses) and acquaint yourself with the text and what you will say in the Virtual Assignment Location.


Outlining for Public Speaking

Outlining for Public Speaking is fairly simple. Outlining is universally the same in writing, therefore once you have learned it you do not have to learn “outlining” all over again.

The order of outlining is simply this: Roman Numerals Capital Letters Numbers Lowercase Letters

Rule to follow: Roman Numerals (for main topics) Capital Letters (sub topics) Numbers for (for examples or further explanation) Lowercase Letters (for examples or further explanation as well) (NOTE: if you have an “A” then you must have a “B”, and if you have a “1” then you must have a

“2”, thus subtopics are incomplete if they are not done first by two’s A,B; 1,2; a,b. The amount added after the first two subtopics does not matter. When created (deemed necessary by the author/ writer) two must be in any subtopic position at all times).

Final Note: An outline must consist of at least three main topics. Therefore your presentation or writing will

always have an introduction, body, and a conclusion. Here are some examples of correct and incorrect outlines:


Reference & Research Writing 101Reference & Research Writing 101 Here are some examples of correct and incorrect outlines:

Final Note: An outline must consist of at least three main topics. Therefore your presentation or writing will always have an introduction, body, and a conclusion.

Here are some examples of correct and incorrect outlines: Correct

I. God’s Love A. as seen in the Old Testament B. as seen in the New Testament

1. John 3:16 2. Romans 10:9

II. God’s Love in others III. Unconditional Love

Incorrect

I. God’s Love A. as seen in the Old Testament

1. John 3:16 II. God’s Love in others III. Unconditional Love

A. I Corinthians 13: Correct

I. God’s Love A. as seen in the Old Testament

1.Psalms 116: 2. Ruth all 3. Esther all

B. as seen in the New Testament 1. John 3:16 2. Romans 10:9 a. How? b. Why?

II. God’s Love in others III. Unconditional Love Correct I. God’s Love II. God’s Love in others III. Unconditional Love IV. God’s Love through us V. Walking in Love VI. Forgiveness and Love


Take notice of outlines done in other texts, and notice how the format really is universal in other texts too.

Class Activity: Outline the topic given by your instructor.Homework Homework Outline an additional Topic posted by your

instructor on the Virtual Assignment Board.

Submit it in the Assignment Drop Box


Preparing Notes for Public SpeakingPreparing Notes for Public Speaking Notes for public speaking are there to help you “the speaker”

however there will be times when you the speaker does not follow, or need to follow the notes … as the Holy Spirit may lead you. However preparing notes for a speech is simple. The following should be considered when creating notes for public speaking:

Title/ SubjectTitle/ Subject Outline (your key point) Book/ Chapter Verses Notes (your key points are now explained) Now these items are just a format and should be well presentable

for you the reader, and speaker. They should also be concise, well organized, and exact … simple for YOU to follow.


Virtual DiscussionVirtual Discussion: Briefly discuss the importance of having your own notes

well organized, and the possibility of not being able to even use what has already been prepared.

Assignment Board Activity:Assignment Board Activity: Recall the last public speaker that you attentively listened

to (it may have been your pastor) and post how you believe their notes were written.

Homework ___________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________


Week 4 - From Speaking to WritingWeek 4 - From Speaking to Writing

There comes a time when speaking needs to be transmitted. It needs to be written, and the written form needs to be understood clear and just as plain as the spoken words. In fact the written words should mirror your speech. Your writing should carry your spirit… God’s Spirit … The Holy Spirit …and finally your written words should be just as effective, and influential as your spoken words.


Preparing an EssayPreparing an Essay First determine the audience. This is important because

even as speeches need adjusting, sometimes writings, or essays do too. After the audience is determined second study the topic first before thirdly writing. Find all scriptures, definitions, data, or even testimonies to support, and even help bring clarity and understanding to the topic. Finally (third) begin writing, now it is important to know that all writers are different. Some writer’s would prefer to plan their writing by using an outline, to serve as a guide for the essay this is fine, others just prefer writing as they go and this is fine too. Whatever works best for you in writing that is what you should do … that which will cause the message to be clearly understood!


What type of writing is needed?What type of writing is needed? When writing an essay the need of the audience

(topic) will determine the type of writing. For example: if you are asked to teach on love, then you are explaining love. If you are asked to tell a biblical story then you are narrating or a narrator. If you are given the topic why accept “why to accept Christ, or why be saved” then you are persuading. Finally if you are given a topic “Heaven as a beautiful place” then you are describing. All of these fall under the four types of writing.


The Four Types of WritingThe Four Types of Writing The four types of writing are: expository to explain, narrative to tell, The four types of writing are: expository to explain, narrative to tell,

persuasive to persuade or convince, and descriptive to describe. Listed persuasive to persuade or convince, and descriptive to describe. Listed below are further details on each type of writing.below are further details on each type of writing.

1.1. Expository Writing-Expository Writing- explains through details, examples facts and data. explains through details, examples facts and data. When the writing (or speaking) is done there should be clear When the writing (or speaking) is done there should be clear understanding and not confusion.understanding and not confusion.

2.2. Narrative Writing-Narrative Writing- should tell. Telling does not go into great details it is should tell. Telling does not go into great details it is surface work, directly what is said, with any type of interpretation.surface work, directly what is said, with any type of interpretation.

3.3. Persuasive Writing-Persuasive Writing- convinces, and influences. This type of writing is most convinces, and influences. This type of writing is most powerful because it changes the mind set. When a person is convinced powerful because it changes the mind set. When a person is convinced what they were not willing to hear, do, or even consider before, is now what they were not willing to hear, do, or even consider before, is now taken into consideration … thanks to the writers, speakers, or leaders taken into consideration … thanks to the writers, speakers, or leaders persuasion or convincing.persuasion or convincing.

4. Descriptive Writing- at its best paints a vivid picture in the mind. The at its best paints a vivid picture in the mind. The picture should be so clear to visualize or think about, that even though the picture should be so clear to visualize or think about, that even though the paint is like wording, the picture is imaginatively seen.paint is like wording, the picture is imaginatively seen.

Reference & Research Writing 101Reference & Research Writing 101Week 5 - Course Review (comprehensive)Week 5 - Course Review (comprehensive)Directions: Review and type the phrases below on a separate sheet to create your own review for the final Directions: Review and type the phrases below on a separate sheet to create your own review for the final

exam (the type of final exam will be announced. It may very well be a virtual speech, or test, or exam (the type of final exam will be announced. It may very well be a virtual speech, or test, or both… the instructor will decide).both… the instructor will decide).

Public Speaking is Public Speaking is ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Effective Public Speaking is having the Effective Public Speaking is having the ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Impromptu Speaking can best be defined as Impromptu Speaking can best be defined as ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II Timothy 2:15 summarizes the meaning or definition of, II Timothy 2:15 summarizes the meaning or definition of, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Prepared speaking is an allotted amount of time given Prepared speaking is an allotted amount of time given ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The order of outlining is simply this: The order of outlining is simply this: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The outlining rule to follow is simply this: The outlining rule to follow is simply this: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Reference & Research Writing 101Reference & Research Writing 101Week 5 - Course Review (comprehensive)- Continued…Fill in the blank on a separate sheetWeek 5 - Course Review (comprehensive)- Continued…Fill in the blank on a separate sheet

What should be considered when creating notes for public speaking? What should be considered when creating notes for public speaking? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

When transitioning from speaking to the written form your writing should carry ___________ When transitioning from speaking to the written form your writing should carry ___________ ______________… ____________ Spirit … The ___________ ______________ …and finally your written ______________… ____________ Spirit … The ___________ ______________ …and finally your written words should be just as _______________, and __________________ as your ________________ words.words should be just as _______________, and __________________ as your ________________ words.

Before writing an essay, first determine the _________________. This is important because even as Before writing an essay, first determine the _________________. This is important because even as _________________ need adjusting, sometimes _________________, or __________________ do too._________________ need adjusting, sometimes _________________, or __________________ do too.

After the ___________________is determined second __________________ the topic first before thirdly After the ___________________is determined second __________________ the topic first before thirdly __________________. Find all ___________________, __________________, _________________, or even __________________. Find all ___________________, __________________, _________________, or even ___________________ to support, and even help bring clarity and understanding to the ________________, ___________________ to support, and even help bring clarity and understanding to the ________________, and then _______________ writing.and then _______________ writing.

When writing an essay the ___________________ of the audience (topic) will ___________________ the type When writing an essay the ___________________ of the audience (topic) will ___________________ the type of writing.of writing.

How many (number) types of writing are there? How many (number) types of writing are there? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Explain each of the ______ types of writing (use the space on the back of paper if needed. Explain each of the ______ types of writing (use the space on the back of paper if needed. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Week 6 – An exam will be given in the Virtual Assessment Location on the site.


Part ll – Reference & Research Writing 102

reference & research writing 101

Documents

writing skills

effective public speaking

prepared speaking

reference research courses

basic public speaking

public speakingpublic

writing assignment forum

course objectives