recovery of calcium phosphate and methane from black water
TRANSCRIPT
Nutrients Water Energy
Recovery of Calcium Phosphate and Methane from black water using a UASB reactor
J. R. Cunha (1,2), R. D. van der Weijden (2), L. Hernández Leal (1), G. Zeeman (2),
C. J. N. Buisman (1,2)
1. Wetsus, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
2. Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Wetsus
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Leeuwarden
Wetsus
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www.wetsus.nl
Industry/
Companies
Universities/
Research Institutes
Wetsus – Scientific Themes
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www.wetsus.nl
23 •Advanced water treatment
•Algae
•Applied water physics
•Biofouling
•Blue Energy
•Capacitive deionization
•CO2 energy
•Concentrates
•Dehydration
•Desalination
•Genomics based water quality monitoring
•Groundwater technology
•Natural Flocculants
•Phosphate Recovery
•Priority compounds
•Protein from water
•Resource Recovery
•Sensoring
•Smart water grids
•Source separated sanitation•Sulfur
•Virus Control
23 Educational institutes
Over 100National and international
companies
Phosphorus recovery from concentrated WW streams
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www.wetsus.nl
Black water Dairy ManureVacuum collected
Highly concentrated vacuum collected Black Water (BW)
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Black water
(Feces + Urine)
Kitchen
wasteGrey
water
Conventional
sewer
Volume L cap-1 d-1 6 0.6 79 300
CODTotalg L-1 8 98 0.7 0.6
P Totalmg L-1 176 330 5 12
NH4+- N g L-1 0.8 - 0.02 0.07
Tervahauta et al. (2013) Water (5)
Cunha et al. (2017) JEMA (Accepted)
Resource Oriented - Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse
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Rapport (2014) STOWA
Sneek, The Netherlands
Resource Oriented - Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse
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Rapport (2014) STOWA
Graaff et al. (2011) WS&T 63 (11)
Cunha et al. (2017) JEMA (Accepted)
MgO
CH4
Anaerobic
reactor
P
Recovery
Nitrogen
Removal
Struvite
Effluent
Calcium
phosphate (CaP)
granules
N2
EffluentBlack
Water
Calcium phosphate granulation
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Cunha et al. (2017) JEMA (Accepted)
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Thank you very much for your attention
Heavy Metals Assessment
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Parameter UnitCaP
Granules [1](Black water)
Struvite [2](Black Water)
Sewage Sludge Ash
[3] [4]
Bio-PSludge Ash
[3]
PhosphateRock
(High-grade) [5]
RequirementsP industry /
Fertilizer regulation [2] [3]
P2O5 wt% 35 36 19 36 28 – 38 ≥ 25
Fe g · kg P2O5-1 2 21 526 44 0.4 40
Zn mg · kg P2O5-1 430 59 18421 8611 16 – 1355 4000
Cu 143 134 8421 4167 60 – 342 1875
[1] Tervahauta, T.; et al.. (2013). Water Research. 48.[2] Gell, Kealan; et al.. (2011). Journal of Agricultural Science. 3.3.[3] Schipper, W.J.; et al.. (2001). Environmental Technology. 22.[4] Franz, M.. (2008). Waste Management. 28.[5] Aydin, I.: et al.. (2010). Microchemical Journal. 96.
Surplus of Phosphorus in The Netherlands
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2008 2011
MkgP
yea
r-1
Input
Total Input
Mineral Fertilizer (Input)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2008 2011
MkgP
yea
r-1
Output
Export Manure
Total Export
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2008 2011
MkgP
yea
r-1
Accumulated
Balance
Smit et al. (2015) Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 103 (1)
38 %