records of aphids and their natural enemies in agro ... · ng in diverse areas and localities of...

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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(4): 189-203

E-ISSN: 2320-7078

P-ISSN: 2349-6800

JEZS 2017; 5(4): 189-203

© 2017 JEZS

Received: 24-05-2017

Accepted: 25-06-2017

Akhtar Ali Khan

Division of Entomology,

Sher-e-Kashmir University of

Agricultural Sciences and

Technology of Kashmir,

Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and

Kashmir, India

Mohd Abas Shah

Division of Plant Protection,

ICAR-Central Potato Research

Station, Jalandhar, Punjab,

India

Correspondence

Akhtar Ali Khan

Division of Entomology,

Sher-e-Kashmir University of

Agricultural Sciences and

Technology of Kashmir,

Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and

Kashmir, India Email: [email protected]

Records of aphids and their natural enemies in

agro-ecosystem with special reference to

horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir

Akhtar Ali Khan and Mohd Abas Shah

Abstract An extensive survey of aphid fauna was conducted in agro-ecosystem with special reference to

horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir during 2012 to 2015. A total of 51 species of aphids belonging to 30

genera spread over 5 sub families of Aphididae were recorded. Among the recorded species, 13 species

and 4 genera are first records from Jammu and Kashmir. The first records of genera are Metopolophium,

and Pseudaphis from Jammu and Kashmir. The first records of genera are Metopolophium and

Pseudaphis and the first records of aphid species are Aphis verbasci, Aphis rumicis, Aulacorthum solani,

Brachycaudus rumexicolens, Capitophorus formosartemisiae, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Dysaphis pyri,

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Metopolophium montanum, Myzus dycei and Pseudaphis abyssinica. The

aphid species of family Aphididae, stretched over five sub-families viz., Aphidinae (41 species and 21

genera), Eriosomatinae (2 species and 2 genera), Chaitophorinae (3 species and 3 genera),

Drepanosiphinae (3 species and 3 genera) and Lachninae (2 species and 2 genera) were found infesting

more than 65 species of horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, floriculture and medicinal crops) and

associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities of Kashmir.

Keywords: Aphid, species diversity, predators, parasitoids, horticultural ecosystem, agroecosystem,

Kashmir

Introduction Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) are minute pear-shaped, soft-bodied insects. They may be

winged (alate) or wingless (apterous). Most of the aphids reproduce sexually and develop

through gradual metamorphosis (overwintering diapausing egg, nymphs and winged or

wingless adults) but also through parthenogenesis [1]. The result is a shortening of generation

time, overlapping generations, increased reproductive potential and rate of development for

resistance to insecticides [2]. Their reproductive potential, salivary secretions, and ability to

transmit viral diseases makes them the most potent and worldwide enemies of many crops [3].

Aphids play an important role as vectors in spreading of plant diseases, particularly viral

diseases [4, 5]. The cotton aphid is known to transmit over 50 plant viruses and the green peach

aphid over 100 [6]. Yield losses caused by aphids directly range from 10-50% and indirectly

from 20-80% [7]. They cause direct damage by sucking the cell sap from the plants, lead to

development of sooty moulds and by causing physiological disorders, and indirect damage by

transmitting diseases from one plant to another [8]. Aphids are an extremely successful group

of insects which occur throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in the

temperate regions [3]. Out of 4702 known aphid species [9] about 1015 species occur in oriental

region [10] and about 750 species belonging to 208 genera represent India Aphididae [11]. In

Jammu and Kashmir State, the previous works on aphid species have been summarised by

Bhagat [15, 16, 17]. In present paper, updated information is provide on the systematic position,

host crops, natural enemies of aphids infesting agricultural crops (fruits, vegetables,

floricultural and medicinal plants) and associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities

of agro-ecosystem of Kashmir.

Materials and Methods

The materials used and methods adopted for carrying out the proposed studies on records of

aphids are described as follows:

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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Study area

The study area included the temperate region of Kashmir,

located between 32°20’ N and 73°55’ E, 1600 m and more

above mean sea level. The aphids were collected horticultural

ecosystem from fruit, vegetable and floriculture and medicinal

plants during 2012-15. Eight districts viz., Srinagar,

Baramullah, Pulwama, Shopian, Anantnag, Budagm, Kulgam

and Ganderbal were covered in the survey

Sampling Methods

Alate aphid population

Sampling of alate aphids was done with Yellow water-pan

traps (50x30x8 cm). Traps were filled with fresh water and a

few drops of detergent added to break surface tension and

prevent aphids from escaping. In each location three traps

were placed. The traps were emptied at weekly interval and

the aphids were taken to the laboratory in plastic vials

containing 80% ethyl alcohol for further studies.

Colonising aphid population

Each field was visited at fortnightly interval and aphid

infested plant parts and associated predators were collected

from infested plants in polybags, labelled for location, crop

and date, and brought to laboratory. The aphid colonies

containg aphid mummies were incubated for a few days till

the parasitoids emerged. The remaing adult aphids and

emerged parasitoids were transferred to small bottles filled

with 80% ethanol and stored till further processing.

Slide preparation The apterous and alate aphids were slide mount using the

protocol suggested by Foottit et al. [31]. The morphometric

characters of the specimens were used for the identification

and description of the aphid species using the key given by

Blackman and Eastop [32, 7, 4] and other relevant literature.

Result and Discussion

Survey of aphids was made in fruit, vegetable, floriculture

and medicinal plant ecosystems of temperate horticultural

ecosystems of Kashmir during 2012-15. A total of 51 species

of aphids belonging to 30 genera spread over 5 sub families of

Aphididae were recorded. Among the recorded species, 13

species and 4 genera are first records from Jammu and

Kashmir. The first records of genera are Metopolophium and

Pseudaphis and first records of aphid species are Aphis

verbasci, Aphis rumicis, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus

rumexicolens, Capitophorus formosartemisiae, Chaetosiphon

fragaefolii, Dysaphis pyri, Macrosiphum euphorbiae,

Metopolophium montanum, Myzus dycei and Pseudaphis

abyssinica. The aphid species of family Aphididae, stretched

over five sub-families viz., Aphidinae (41 species and 21

genera), Eriosomatinae (2 species and 2 genera),

Chaitophorinae (3 species and 3 genera), Drepanosiphinae (3

species and 3 genera) and Lachinae (2 species and 2 genera)

were found infesting more than 65 species of horticultural

crops (vegetables, fruits, floriculture and medicinal crops) and

associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities of

Kashmir (Table 1). In Jammu and Kashmir State, the previous

works published on aphid fauna are by Bhagat [12, 13]; Khan et

al., [14] and Bhagat, [15, 16, 17]. Some authors has also recoded

aphid natural enemies and aphid food catalogue such as

Bhagat (1981,1982a, 1982b) [12, 18, 19]; Raychaudhari (1983) [20]; Bhagat and Lone (1984) [21]; Dey and Akhtar (2007) [22];

Khan (2008) [23]; Khan and Mir (2008) [24]; Khan et al., (2009)

[14]; Mushtaq and Khan (2010 a, b) [25, 26]; Khan (2011) [27];

Akhtar and Dey (2011) [28] and Shah and Khan (2013, 2014)

[29, 30].

A brief description of the recorded species is given as follows.

Sub-family: Aphidinae

Aphidinae is the sub-family of the family Aphididae and the

most number of species was recorded in this sub-family. The

sub-family Aphidinae includes two tribes viz., Aphidini and

Macrosiphini.

Tribe-Aphidini Latreille, 1802

Two sub-tribes viz., Aphidina and Rhopalosiphina were

recorded under tribe-Aphidini from horticultural ecosystem of

Kashmir.

Sub-tribe-Aphidina Latreille, 1802

One genus viz., Aphis Linnaeus 1788, with 9 species was

recorded.

Aphis gossypii Glover, 1802

Aphis gossypii is commonly known as cotton aphid. This

species of aphid had wide range of host plants in different

horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir. This species was found

on 14 different species of host plants. The host plant included

Prunus percica (Peach), Capsicum annuum (Chili), Cucurbits

(Bottle guard, cucumber and other gaurds), Abroma agusta

(Devil’s cotton), Buddeleja asiatica (W. butterfly bush),

Rumex sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Lucerne, Wild apple, Pear,

Plum, Taraxacum officinale (Dendallion), Chenopodium

album, Chrysanthemum sp. Natural enemies which were

associated with the Aphis gossypii included predator viz.,

Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),

Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly and

parasitoids included Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) (Rishi, 1976),

Trioxy srubicola Shujauddin [33].

Aphis pomi De Geer, 1773

It is commonly known as Green apple aphid. Aphis pomi was

recorded mainly on the Malus domestica (Apple) in fruit

ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators which reported to feed on

the Aphis pomi include Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Adalia

tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Coccinella

septempunctata L., Chrysoperlaz. Sillemi E. & P., Spiders,

Syrphid fly larvae.

Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854

Aphis craccivora is commonly known as cow pea aphid. The

main host plants on which Aphis craccivora was recorded in

different horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir included

Cissam pelospariera (Ice vine), Dolichos lablab (Lablab

bean), Robinia pseudoacacia (Kikar-Black Locust). Predators

which recorded to prey on Aphis craccivora included

Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly.

Parasitoids recovered included Ephedrus persicae (Froggatt) [34] and Trioxys jaii (Bhagat) [18, 19].

Aphis spiraecola (Patch, 1914)

Aphis spiraecola is commonly known as spirea aphid. Aphis

spiraecola was recorded on the Malus domestica (Apple) and

cucumber in fruit and vegetable ecosystems of Kashmir.

Predators, which were recorded to feed on A. spiraecola

include H. dimidiata, Adalia tetraspilota, Hippodamia

variegata (Goe.), C. septempunctata, C. z. sillemi, spiders and

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syrphid fly larva. Aphis spiraecola is parasitized by Aphidius

matricariae Haliday [34] as recorded from Jammu and

Kashmir.

Aphis fabae solanella Theobald, 1914

It is commonly known as Black bean aphid. Aphis fabae

solanella was recorded mainly on the Solanum miniatum,

Phaseolus sp. (French beans) and Euonymus japonicus (ever

green) an ornamental plant of Kashmir. Predators which were

recorded to feed on the Aphis fabae solanella include H.

dimidiata, Adalia tetraspilota, Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),

C. septempunctata, Chrysoperla z. sillemi, spiders and

syrphid fly larva.

Aphis nerii Boyer B de Fonscolombe, 1841

It is commonly known as Milk-weed aphid. Aphis nerii was

reported mainly on the Nerium indicum (Sweet oleander) and

Calotropis gigantean (Crown flower). Predators, which were

recorded to feed on the Aphis nerii include Coccinella

septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia

tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Parasitoid which

was recorded to parasitize on Aphis nerii was Aphidius

colemani Viereck [35].

Aphis punicae Passerini, 1863

Aphis punicae is commonly known as pomegranate aphid.

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) was the only host plant

infested by the A. punicae found in fruit ecosystem of

Kashmir. Predators, reported to feed on A. punicae were

Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid flies.

Aphis affinis del Guercio, 1911

Mentha sp. (Mint) was the only host plant infested by the

Aphis affinis. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis affinis were


Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly

larvae.

Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801

Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801 is a new species records from

Jammu and Kashmir. Verbascum thapsus (common mullein)

was the only host plant observed to be infested by Aphis

verbasci. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis verbasci were


Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly

larvae.

Aphis rumicis Linnaeus, 1758

Rumix sp. was the only host plant recorded to be infested by

Aphis rumicis. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis rumicis

were Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota

(Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid

fly larvae. This is the first record of Aphis rumicis from

Kashmir.

Sub-tribe: Rhopalosiphina Mordvilko, 1914

The Rhopalosiphina is another sub-tribe of tribe-Aphidini

recorded in horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir. It includes

two genera viz., Rhopalosiphum and Hyalopterus.

Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856)

This species was reported on different host plants in different

horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir. The host plant included

Zea mays (Maize) and Nymphaea alba (White water lily).

Natural enemies which were associated with the

Rhopalosiphum maidis included Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders and Syrphid fly.

Parasitoid recorded was Aphidius colemani Viereck.

Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffery, 1782)

This species was recorded on different host plants viz.,

Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum) Malus domestica

(Apple), wild apple, Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus

persica (Peach). Predators associated with Hyalopterus pruni


(Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Chrysoperla sp.,

spiders and syrphid fly.

Hyalopterus amygdale (Blanchard, 1840)

This species was recorded on different host plants viz.,

Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum) Malus domestica

(Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica

(Peach). Predators associated with this aphid species were


Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), and Chrysoperla sp. spiders,

syrphid fly.

Tribe-Macrosiphini Wilson, 1910

Seventeen genera and 27 species were recorded from this

tribe; the genera are Brevicoryne, Myzus, Myzaphis,

Macrosiphum, Dysaphis, Aulacorthum, Brachycaudus,

Macrosiphoniella, Cavariella, Acyrthosiphon, Sitobion,

Phorodon, Uroleucon, Hyadaphis, Pseudaphis, Lipaphis,

Metopolophium and Chaetosiphon. Out of these, genus

Metopolophium and Pseudaphis was newly recorded from

Jammu and Kashmir. The different species belonging to these

genera are described as under:

Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)

It is commonly known as cabbage aphid. This species infests

all cole crops including Brassica oleracea (Cabbage),

Brassica oleracea var. acephella (Hakh), B. oleracea var.

capitata (Cauliflower), Knolkhol, Malus domestica (Apple),

Descurainea puncta, Kale. Natural enemies which were

associated with the B. brassicae included Hippodamia

variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea

luteopustulata (Mul.), Coccinella septempunctata, Spiders,

Syrphid fly and single parasitoid viz., Aphidius matricariae

Haliday (Stary and Bhagat, 1978) was observed on B.

brassicae.

Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1762)

Myzus persicae is commonly known as green peach aphid.

This species was recorded from 7 different host plants

including Solanum melongena Brinjal), Capcicum annuum

(Chili), Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Hibiscus

esculentus (Okra), Potato, peach, Capsella-bursa pastoris and

Solamun nigrum. Predators associated with M. persicae

included Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota

(Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

and parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck and Toxares zakai

Shujauddin [33] were recorded on M. persicae.

Myzus umecola Shinji, 1924

Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder) was the only host plant

infested by the M. umecola. Predators reported to feed on M.

umecola were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata

(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sp., Spiders

and Syrphid fly and only single parasitoid viz., Ephedrus

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srinagarensis (Stary and Bhagat) [34] was recorded to

parasitize M. umecola.

Myzus dycei Carver, 1961

Urtica dioica was the only host plant recorded to be infested

by M. dycei. Predators, recorded to feed on M. dycei were

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegata (Goe),

Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.) and Chrysoperla larvae. M.

dycei is being recorded for the first time from Kashmir.

Myzaphis rosarum Kaltenbach, 1843

Rosa webbiana (HimalyanWild Rose) was the only host plant

infested by Myzaphis rosarum. Predators recorded to feed on

Myzaphis rosarum were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia

variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and

Syrphid fly and parasitoid recorded was Aphidius rosae

Haliday.

Macrosiphum avenae Fabricius, 1775

Cymbopogan nardus (Nardus grass) and Triticum astivum

(Wheat) were host plants infested by Macrosiphum avenae.

Predators, recorded to feed on Macrosiphum avenae were

Coccinella septempunctata L, Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Propylea luteopustulata

(Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid fly and single parasitoid viz.,

Trioxys kahmirensis (Tak.) [35] was recorded to parasitize

Macrosiphum avenae.

Macrosiphum rosae Linnaeus, 1758

Rosa indica (Cyme Rose) was the only host plant observed to

infest by the M. rosae Predators recorded to feed on

Macrosiphum rosae were Coccinella septempunctata,


Chrysoperla sp., Spiders and Syrphid fly and single parasitoid

viz., Aphidius rosae Haliday was recorded to parasitize

Macrosiphum rosae.

Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878)

Solanum melongena (Brinjal) was the only host plant

observed to be infested by M. euphorbiae. Predators recorded

to feed on M. euphorbiae were Coccinella septempunctata,


Spiders and Syrphid fly and a parasitoid, Trioxys kahmirensis

(Takada) [35] was recorded to parasitize M. euphorbiae.

Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841)

Prunus persica (Peach) and Malus domestica (Apple) were

host plants infested by D. pyri. Predators observed to feed on

D. (pomaphis) pyri were Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.),


Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly and

parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck was observed to

parasitize D. (pomaphis) pyri. This is the first record D.

(Pomaphis) pyri from Kashmir.

Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach, 1843)

Hibiscus esculentus (Okra) was the only host plant observed

to be infested by A.solani. Predators reported to feed on A.

solani were Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia

variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and

Syrphid fly and a parasitoid Aphidius sp. was recorded to

parasitise A. solani. This is is the first record A. solani from

Kashmir.

Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843)

The host plants included Brassica oleracea (Cabbage),

Notonia grandifolia (Fleshy ragweed), Peach and Erigeron

Canadensis. Natural enemies which were associated with the

B. helichrysi included predator viz., Coccinella

septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia

tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (M.)

Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders, and Syrphid fly and

Aphidius matricariae Haliday was the only parasitoid

recorded to parasitize B. helichrysi.

Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch, 1917)

Rumex sp. was the only host plant infested by B.

rumexicolens. Predators recorded to feed on B. rumexicolens

were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P.,

Spiders and Syrphid fly. This is the first record of B.

rumexicolens from Kashmir.

Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette, 1908)

Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy) was the only host

plant recorded to be infested by Macrosiphoniella sanborni.

Predators recorded to feed on Macrosiphoniella sanborni

were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Aphidius

absinthii Marshall was the parasitoid recorded on

Macrosiphoniella sanborni.

Macrosiphoniella artemisiae (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841)

Artemisia was the only host plant observed to be infested by

M. artemisiae. Predators recorded to prey on M. artemisiae


(Hope) Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid

fly.

Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae (Shinji, 1922)

Artemisia was the only host plant observed to be infested by

the M. yomogifoliae. Predators recorded to prey on M.

yomogifoliae were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia

variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z.

sillemi E. & P., Spiders and Syrphid fly.

Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763)

Silex alba (willow) was the only host plant infested by the

Cavariella aegopodii. Predators feeding on Cavariella

aegopodii were Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Callicaria

superba (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia

tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Ephedrus minor

Stelfox [35] was recorded to parasitize Cavariella aegopodii.

Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776

Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean) and Pisum sativum (Pea)

were host plants infested by Acyrthosiphon pisum. Predators

preying upon Acyrthosiphon pisum were Adalia tetraspilota

(Hope), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders and Syrphid

fly and parasitoids, Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subbarao [35]

was recorded to parasitize Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Acyrthosiphon rubi (Narzikulov, 1957)

Rubus fruticosus Lucviatour was the only host plant observed

to be infested by Acyrthosiphon rubi. Predators preying upon

Acyrthosiphon rubi were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia

variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla

sillemi E. &P., Spiders and Syrphid fly.

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Sitobion rosaeiformis (Das, 1918)

Rosa damascena (Damask rose) was the only host plant

infested by the Sitobion rosaeiformis. Predators preying upon

Sitobion rosaeiformis were Calvia punctata (Mul.),


Chrysoperla sillemi E. &P., Spiders and Syrphid fly and

parasitoids, Aphidius rosae Haliday and A. uzbekistanicus L. [35] were observed to parasitize Sitobion rosaeiformis.

Phorodon cannabis Passerini, 1860

Cannabis sativa (Hemp) was the only host plant infested by

Phorodon cannabis. Predators recorded to prey upon

Phorodon cannabis were Coccinella septempunctata L,


Spiders and Syrphid fly, and parasitoid, Aphidius matricariae

H. [35] was recorded to parasitize Phorodon cannabis.

Uroleucon compositae (Theobald, 1915)

Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy) was the only host

plant infested by Uroleucon compositae. Predators feeding

upon Uroleucon compositae were Calvia punctata (Mul.),

Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) and

parasitoids viz., Trioxys centaureae (Haliday) and T.

uroleucon Takada were recorded to parasitize Uroleucon

compositae.

Hyadaphis coriandri (Das, 1918)

Coriandrum sativum (Corriander) was the only host plant

infested by Hyadaphis coriandri. Predators preying upon

Hyadaphis coriandri were Coccinella septempunctata L,

Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia

tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders and

Syrphid fly, and parasitoid Aphidius matricariae H. was

recorded to parasitize on Hyadaphis coriandri.

Pseudaphis abyssinica Hille Ris Lambers, 1954

Many species of Rose were observed to be infested by

Pseudaphis abyssinica. Predators associated with Pseudaphis

abyssinica were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia

variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and

Syrphid fly. Thisis the first record of Pseudaphis abyssinica

from Kashmir.

Lipaphis erysimi (pseudobrassicae) (Davis, 1914)

The host plants included Brassica oleracea (Cabbage),

Brassica juncaea (Mustard), Brassica oleracea var capitata

(Cauliflower), Turnip and Radish and other cruciferous crops.

Natural enemies which were associated with the Lipaphis

erysimi included predators viz., Coccinella septempunctata

L., Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Hippodamia variegate

(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E.&

P., Spiders, and Syrphid fly and Lysaphidus erysimi Stray [36]

was the parasitoid recorded from Lipaphis pseudobrassicae.

Metopolophium montanum HilleRisLambers, 1947

This is the first record of Metopolophium montanum from

Kashmir. Rosa indica (Cyme Rose) was the only host plant

infested by Metopolophium montanum. Predators preying

upon Metopolophium montanum were Calvia punctata (Mul.),


Spiders and Syrphid fly, and Toxares deltiger (Haliday) was

recorded to parasitize Metopolophium montanum.

Metopolophium sp.

Wild rose was found to be infested by some undetermined

Metopolophium sp. Predators associated with the

Metopolophium sp. colony were Calvia punctata (Mul.),


Spiders and Syrphid fly, and Toxares deltiger (Haliday) was

recorded to parasitize on Metopolophium sp.

Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell, 1901)

Strawberry was the only host plant infested by the

Chaetosiphon fragaefolii as recorded in the fruit ecosystem of

Kashmir. Predators observed to prey on Chaetosiphon

fragaefolii were Calvia punctata (Mul.) Hippodamia

variegata (Goe.) and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope).

Sub-family-Eriosomatinae

The sub-family Eriosomatinae included two tribes viz.,

Eriosomatini and Pemphigini, recorded in Kashmir.

Tribes-Eriosomatini

Single genus Eriosoma was recorded from Tribe-Eriosomatini

in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir.

Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802)

The genus Eriosoma had single species, E. lanigerum (woolly

apple aphid) recorded on Malus domestica (Apple) in fruit

ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators observed to prey on E.

lanigerum were Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z.

Sillemi E.& P. and Parasitoids viz., Aphelinus mali and

Areopraon lepellepi (W.) [37] were recorded to parasitize on E.

lanigerum.

Tribes- Pemphigini

Prociphilus was the only genus of Tribe-Pemphigini that was

recorded in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir.

Prociphilus micheliae Koach, 1857

In tribe-Pemphigini had single species viz., P. micheliae

recorded on Michelia champa (Golden champa). Predators

recorded to prey on P. micheliae were Coccinella

septempunctata L, Calvia punctata(Mul.), Hippodamia

variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), spiders and

syrphid flies. Parasitoid Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) was

recorded on P. micheliae.

Sub-family-Lachinae Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854

The sub-family Lachinae included two tribes viz., Tramini

and Lachini, reported in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir.

The tribe- Tramini

The tribe-Tramini had single genus viz., Protrama Baker,

1920 as recorded in vegetable ecosystem of Kashmir.

Protrama penecaea Stryon 1998

The species Protrama penecaea was recorded on Helianthus

tuberosus (Artichoke). Predators recorded to prey on P.

penecaea were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia

variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P, spiders and syrphid flies.

Tribe–Lachnini

In Tribe–Lachini, two genera were recorded namely

Pyrolachnus and Pterochloroides with one species each.

Pyrolachnus pyri (Buckton, 1899)

Pyrolachnus pyri was observed on Malus domestic (Apple)

and Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) in fruit ecosystem of

~ 194 ~


Kashmir. Predators recorded to feed on Pyrolachnus pyri

were Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),

and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P,

spiders and syrphid flies.

Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899)

Pterochloroides persicae was a single species recorded under

genus Pterochloroides on Prunus persica (Peach) in fruit

ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators recorded to prey on P.

persicae were Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Coccinella

septempunctata L, Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia

tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P, spiders

and syrphid flies.

Sub-family-Chaitophorinae Eastop, 1966

The tribe-Chaitophorini had single genus viz., Chaitophorus

and two species viz., Chaitophorus sp. reported on Poplus sp.

(Poplar) and C. formosartemisiae reported on Artemisia in

horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir.

Chaitophorus sp.

Chaitophorus sp. was recorded on Poplus sp. (Poplar) in

horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators recorded to feed

on Chaitophorus sp were Calvia punctata (Mul.),

Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope).

Parasitoid viz., Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch) (Shujauddin,

1978) was recorded to parasitize on Chaitophorus sp.

Chaitophorus formosartemisiae (Takahashi, 1921)

Chaitophorus formosartemisiae is a first record on Artemisia

in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir Predators reported to

feed on Chaitophorus formosartemisiae were Calvia punctata

(Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota

(Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders and Syrphid fly.

Sub-family-Drepanosiphinae

In subfamily Drepanospihinae, three genera viz. Tinocallis,

Chromaphis amd Panaphis were recorded from Kashmir with

one species each.

Tinocallis sp.

The genus Tinocallis included one undetermined species

recorded on Elm. Predators reported to feed on T. saltans

were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),

and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P,

Spiders and Syrphid fly.

Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach, 1843)

The genus Chromaphis included species viz., C. juglandicola

recorded on Juglans regia (walnut) in fruit ecosystem of

Kashmir. Predators reported to feed on C. juglandicola were

Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Calvia punctata (Mul.),

Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Chrysoperla. z. sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly and

parasitoid reported on C. juglandicola was Trioxys pallidus

(Haliday) [36].

Panaphis juglandis (Goetze, 1778)

The genus-Panaphis (Calipteras) had single species viz.,

Panaphis juglandis (Goetze) recorded to feed on single host

plant viz., Juglans regia (walnut) in fruit ecosystem of

Kashmir. Predators recorded to prey on P. juglandis (Goetze)

were Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Hippodamia variegata

(Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Calvia punctata

(Mul.), Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly

and parasitoid on P. juglandis (Goetze) was Trioxys pallidus

(Haliday).

~ 195 ~


Table 1: Inventory of associated host plant and natural enemies of the aphid fauna of Kashmir during 2012-2015

Sub family, Tribe and

Subtribe Genus Species Associated host plant Associated N.E

A. Sub family-Aphidinae

A.1. Tribe-Aphidini

Latreille, 1802

A.1. 1. Sub tribe-Aphidina

Latreille, 1802 Aphis Linnaeus, 1758

Aphis gossypii Glover,

1802

(Cotton aphid)

Capsicum annuum (Chili), Cucurbit sp. (Bottle guard),

Abroma agusta (Devil’s cotton), Buddeleja asiatica (W.

butterfly bush), Rumex sp., Robinia pseudoacacia,

Lucerne, Wild apple, Prunus cerasus, P. domestica

(Plum), Malus domestica (Apple), Prunus

armeniaca(Apricot)

Prunus persica (Peach), Taraxa cumofficinale (Dendallion), Chenopodium album,Chrysanthemum sp.

a. Predators.

Propyle aluteopustulata (M.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Hippodamia variegata (Goe.)

Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids

Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Trioxys rubicola Shujauddin

Aphis pomi De Geer,

1773

(Green apple aphid)

Malus domestica (Apple)

a. Predators.

Harmonia dimidiata (F.)

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),

Coccinella septempunctata L., Chrysoperla z. sillemi E.& P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

Aphis craccivora Koch,

1854.

(Cow pea aphid)

Cissampelos pariera (Ice vine)

Dolichos lablab (Lablab bean)

Bobinia pseudoacacia (Kikar-Black Locust)

a. Predators.


Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids.

Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, Trioxys jaii Bhagat

Aphis spiraecola

(Patch,1914)

(Spirea aphid)


Cucumis sativus (Cucumber)

a. Predators.

Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P, Spiders, Syrphid fly.

b. Parasitoids.

Aphidius matricariae Haliday

Aphis fabae solanella

Theobald,1914

(Black bean aphid)

Solanum miniatum

Phaseolus sp.(French bean), Euonymus japanicus

Thumb

a. Predators.

Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate

(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

Aphis nerii Boyer B de

Fonscolombe, 1841

(Milk Weed aphid)

Nerium indicum (Sweet oleander)

Calotropis gigantean (Crown flower)

a. Predators.


Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids.

~ 196 ~


Aphidius colemani Viereck

Aphis punicae Passerini,

1863 Punica granatum L. (Pome granate)

a. Predators.



Aphis affinis del Guercio,

1911 Mentha sp. (Mint)

Predators.



*Aphis (A.) verbasci

Schrank, 1801 Verbascum thapsus

a. Predators.

Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

*Aphis rumicis Linnaeus,

1758 Rumix sp.

a. Predators.



A. 1. 2. Sub-Tribe-

Rhopalosiphina Mordvilko, 1914

Rhopalosiphum Koch, 1854 R. maidis(Fitch, 1856) Zea maize (Maize)

Nymphaea alba (White water lily)

a. Predators.

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Coccinella septempunctata L.,

Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids


Hyalopterus Koch, 1854

H. pruni (Geoffery, 1782)

Prunuscerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Malus domestica

(Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica

(Peach)

a. Predators.



Hyalopterus amygdale

(Blanchard, 1840).

Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Malus domestica

(Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica (Peach)

a. Predators.



Hyalopterus sp. Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Prunus armeniaca

(Apricot), Prunus persica (Peach)

a. Predators.

Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

A. 2. Tribe-Macrosiphini

Wilson, 1910

Brevicoryne

Van der Goot, 1915

B. brassicae (Linnaeus,

1758)

(Cabbage aphid)

Brassica oleracea (Cabbage)

Brassica oleracea var. acephella (Hakh), B.

oleraceavar.capitata (Cauliflower), Knolkhol

Malus domestica (Apple), Descurainia ouncta, Kale

a. Predators.

Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Coccinella septempunctata

L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. &

P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids.


Myzus (Nectarosiphon)

Passerini, 1860

M. persicae (Sulzer,

1762)

(Green peach aphid)

Solanum melongena (Brinjal), Capcicum annuum

(Chili)

Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Hibiscus esculentus

(Okra), Potato (Solanum tubersum)

a. Predators.


Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

~ 197 ~


Capsella-bursa pastoris

Solamun nigrum

b. Parasitoids.

Aphidius colemani Viereck, Toxares zakai Shujauddin

M. umecola Shinji, 1924 Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder )

a. Predators

Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids

Ephedrus srinagarensis Stray &Bhagat

*M. dycei Carver, 1961 Urtica dioica

a. Predators.



Myzaphis

Van der Goot, 1913

M. rosarum (K.)

Kaltenbach, 1843 Rosa webbiana (Him. Wild Rose)

a. Predators.



b. Parasitoids

Aphidius rosae Haliday

Macrosiphum

Cholodrovsky, 1902

M. avenae Fabricus, 1775 Cymbopo gannardus (Nardus grass)

Triticum astivum (Wheat)

Predator


(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),


a. Parasitiods

Trioxys kahmirensis (Tak.)

M. rosae Linnaeus, 1758 Rosa indica (Cyme Rose)

a. Predators


(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids

Aphidius rosae Haliday

*M. euphorbiae

(Thomas, 1878) Solanum melongena (Brinjal)

a. Predators.

Coccinella septempunctata L., Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids

Trioxys kahmirensis (Takada)

Dysaphis

Bormer, 1931

(Pomaphis)

*D. (pomaphis) pyri

(Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841)

Prunuspersica (Peach)

Malusdomestica (Apple)

a. Predators

Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Hippodamia variegate

(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi

E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoid


Aulacorthum *A. solani (Kaltenbach, Hibiscus esculentus (Okra) a. Predators

~ 198 ~


Morrilko, 1914 1843) Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate

(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)


b. Parasitoid

Aphidius sp.

Brachycaudus

(Thuleaphis) Van der Goot,

1913

B. helichrysi (Kaltenbach,

1843)

Brassica oleracea (Cabbage)

Notonia grandifolia (Fleshy ragweed)

Peach, plum, apple

Erigeron canadensis

a. Predators


(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Propylealuteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperlasillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids


*B. rumexicolens

(Patch, 1917) Rumex sp.

a. Predator


Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

Macrosiphoniella

Del Guercio, 1911

M. sanborni

(Gillette,1908) Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy)

a. Predators



b. Parasitoid

Aphidius absinthii Marshall

M. artemisiae

(Boyerdefons Colombe, 1841)

Artemisia

a. Predators.


Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.)


M. (M.) yomogifoliae

(Shinji, 1922) Artemisia

a. Predator


Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

Cavariella

Del Guercio, 1911

C. aegopodii (Scopoli,

1763) Silex alba (willow)

a. Predators

Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Callicaria superba (Mul.),


b. Parasitoids

Ephedrus minor Stelfox

Acyrthosiphon

Mordvelko, 1914 A. Pisum Harris, 1776

Phaseolus sp.(French bean)

Pisum sativum (Pea)

a. Predators

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),


b. Parasitoids

~ 199 ~


Aphidius smithi S.

Arubi (Narzikulov, 1957) Rubus fruticosus Lucviatour.

a. Predator

Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)

Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. &


Sitobion

Mordvilko, 1914

S. rosaeiformis (Das,

1918) Rosa damascene (Damask rose)

a. Predators


Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids

Aphidius rosae Haliday, A.uzbekistanicus L.

Phorodon

Passerini, 1860

P. cannabis Passerini,

1860 Cannabis sativa (Bang)

a. Predators

Coccinella septempunctata L, Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),


b. Parasitoid

Aphidius matricariae H.

Uroleucon

Mordvilko, 1914

U. compositae (Theobald,

1915) Chrysanthemum Cinerarifolium (Daisy)

a. Predator

Calvia punctata (Mul.)

b. Parasitoids

Trioxys centaureae (Haliday), T.uroleucon Takada

Hyadaphis

Eastop & Hille Ris Lambers,

1976

H. coriandri (Das, 1918) Coriandrum sativum (Corriander)

a. Predator


Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Calvia punctata (Mul.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P.


*Pseudaphis

Hille Ris Lambers, 1954

*P. abyssinica Hille Ris

Lambers, 1954 Rosa indica (Cyme Rose)

a. Predators

Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

Lipaphis

Mordvilko, 1914

L. pseudobrassicae

(Davis, 1914)

Brassica oleracea (Cabbage), Brassica juncaea

(Mustard), Brassica oleracea var.capitata (Cauliflower),

Turnip, Radish

a. Predators

Coccinella septempunctata L, Propylea luteopustulata

(M.), Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F)

Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids

Lysaphidus erysimi Stray

*Metopolophium

Mordvilko, 1914

*M. montanum Hille Ris

Lambers, 1947 Rose indica (Cyme rose)

a. Predators



b. Prasitoids

~ 200 ~


Toxares deltiger (Haliday)

Metopolophium sp. wild rose

Predators



b. Prasitoids

Toxares deltiger (Haliday)

Chaetosiphon (Pentatrichopus)

Mordvilko, 1914

*C. fragaefolii

(Cockerell, 1901) Straw berry

a. Predator

Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Hippodamia variegate (Goe.)

A. Sub-family-

Eriosomatinae

B. 1. Tribe- Eriosomatini Eriosoma

Leach, 1818

E. lanigerum (Hausmann,1802)


a. Predator

Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. &

P.

b. Parasitoids

Aphelinus mali, Areopraon lepellepi (W.)

B.2. Tribe- Pemphigini Prociphilus Koach, 1857 P. micheliae Hille Ris

Lambers, 1933 Micheliachampa (Golden champa)

a. Predators


Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Calvia punctata (Mul.),


b.Parasitoids

Ephedrus plagiator (Nees)

C. Sub-family-Lachinae

Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854

C.1. Tribe: Tramini

Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854

Protrama

Baker, 1920 P. penecaea Stryon Helianthus tuberosus (Artichoke)

a. Predator


Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperlasillemi E. &


C.2. Tribe: Lachnini

Pyrolachnus

Basu and Hille Ris Lambers,

1968

P. pyri (Buckton, 1899) Malus domestica (Apple)

Prunus armeniaca (Apricot)

a. Predator

Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),

Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. &


PterochloroidesMordvilko,

1914 P. persicae Ghosh, 1982 Prunus persica (Peach)

a. Predator

Harmoni eucharis (Mul.), Coccinella septempunctata L,

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

D. Sub-family-

Chaitophorinae Eastop, 1966

~ 201 ~


D.1. Tribe-Chaitophorini

Mordvilko, 1914 Chaitophorus Koch, 1854

Chaitophorus sp. Poplus sp.(Poplar)

a. Predator


Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),

b.Parasitoids

Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch)

*C. formosartemisiae

(Takahashi, 1921) Artemisia

a. Predator


Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. &


E. Sub-family-

Drepanosiphinae

Tinocallis Matsumura, 1919 Tinocallis sp. Elm

a. Predator


Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

Chromaphis Walker, 1870 C. juglandicola

(Kaltenbach, 1843) Juglans regia (walnut)

a. Predators

Coccinella septempunctata L, Harmoni eucharis (Mu.),

Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Calvia punctata (Mul.),

Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids.

Trioxys pallidus(Haliday)

Calipteras (Panaphis) C. juglandis (Goetze) Juglans regia (walnut)

a. Predators

Coccinella septempunctata L, Harmonia eucharis (Mul.),

Calvia punctata (Mul.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

b. Parasitoids.

Trioxys pallidus (Haliday)

*New records genus and species from Kashmir (2012-15)

~ 202 ~


Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Department of Science and

Technology (DST), New Delhi, GOI under the project entitled

“Biodiversity and management of aphid fauna of temperate

horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir”. We also thank Dr.

Rajendra Singh, Professor and Head, Department of Zoology,

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University, Gorakhpur (UP) for his

valuable help in identification of samples.

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records of aphids and their natural enemies in agro ... · ng in diverse areas and localities of...

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