reconfigurable radio systems for interoperability in a ... · for interoperability in a...
TRANSCRIPT
Reconfigurable radio systems
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Reconfigurable radio systems for interoperability in a multi-national
environment
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Dr Michael Street Technology and Innovation Manager
Service Strategy
• Server workloads: 10% AAGR • Storage capacity: 50% AAGR • Power costs: 20% AAGR• Network bandwidth: 35% AAGR
AAAAAAAAGR !(Average Annual Growth Rates)
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• Network bandwidth: 35% AAGR • Mobile data: 60% AAGR
• Budgets : 0% AAGR ?
The demand for mobile data is increasing rapidly, for military and civilian users
Delivering C4ISR Capabilities
Strategic Concept
Political Guidance
Active Engagement Modern Defence
Crisis ManagementCooperative SecurityCollective Defence
Critical Capabilities
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Political Guidance
Urgent Operational Needs
NATO Defence Planning Process
International Security Assistance Force, Operation Unified Protector, Kosovo Force
Federated Mission NetworkingMissile DefenceCyber DefenceAir C2Bi-SC AISJoint Intelligence, Surveillance& Reconnaissance
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All operations and capabilities rely on reliable communications
NATO C3 Taxonomy
Functional Area Information Services
VisionSAAS
NDPP VisionBPAAS
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Infrastructure
Core Services
Information Services SAAS
VisionPAAS
VisionIAAS
Communications (blue layer) underpins all higher level services (purple/orange), applications (grey) –and ultimately – functions (red/blue).
• Military operations need more data, to more places, with more mobility – Demand for military radio communications is rising
• Radio spectrum is finite. – Hard limit on throughput available into a deployed operation and between mobiles
• Spectrum is used for many purposes– Comms, sensors, EW, ELINT
The problem
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– Comms, sensors, EW, ELINT
• Maximise use of the radio spectrum through– Generating less traffic– Proxies to reduce IP overhead– Efficient, adaptive waveforms– Coordinated management– Appropriate radio network topologies– Opportunistic use of spectrum
… you cannot overrule the laws of physics
The demand for mobile data is increasing.Solutions need to be interoperable
• Common authoritative data sources• Different detail, presentation, telecoms• Applications and supporting services must
communicate– Service management and control
Mobility for mobile forces
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– Service management and control
• Improving telecoms for mobile forces– Improve spectrum utilisation
• Waveforms (SDR), freq management (CR), efficient apps
Users need to access authoritative data sources while mobile. This requires more efficient, interoperable waveforms.
• Operations are – Multi-national
Challenges
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Users and their equipment are multi-national – as seen on the next slide. Interoperability, standards and implementation needs to be multi-national too.
Existing Waveform Standards
• VLF:– Very long range but very low capacity ∼ 10s bps– Works to submerged submarines– Standard to be enhanced for capacity
• HF:– Long range but low capacity ∼ several kbps
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– Standards defined covering land, air and maritime use
• UHF:– Air ground air ∼ 10s of kbps– Standards (SATURN) well defined but data channel not used
• SATCOM:– Long range and high capacity ∼ several hundreds kbps– But requires infrastructure– Standards well defined and recently upgraded to better support
NNEC
UAVProprietary
radio
US a/cSATURN
radio
TacSatUHF
Satcom
Radio Relay
SHF Satcom
FRPR4G radio (FR crypto)
NLDPR4G radio (NLD crypto)
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HF radioSHF Satcom
NLD HeloCivil ATC radio
UK“BOWMAN” radio
PR4G radio (FR crypto)
• Operations are – Multi-national– Data-intensive, Mobile– Changing
Challenges
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• Solutions must be– Interoperable, multi-nationally– Realisable within available spectrum– Flexible, but reliable
Emerging Waveform Standards
• V/UHF:– Narrow Band Waveform (NBWF)– Moderate range moderate capacity ∼ 10s kbps
• UHF (WBWF):– Ground to ground– Higher capacity ∼ 100s kbps, but less range
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– Higher capacity ∼ 100s kbps, but less range
• High Capacity Beyond Line of Sight (BLoS)– Troposcatter– Airborne platforms
Fielding new standards rapidly and widely is enabled by reconfigurable radios
• ADatP-34• NATO Interoperability Standards and Profiles
Compendium of standards
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Relevant NATO standards for communications and other services are maintained in the NISP
Standardisation
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“Better a small slice of a big pie, than a big slice of a small pie”
- Calouste Gulbenkian
ELOSAITFref
BLOSLITF
SATCOMLITFref
LOSLITFref
ELOSLITFref
ELOSLITFref
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BLOSMITFref
LOSLITFref
LOSLITFref
ELOSLITFref
LITFref
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• Challenges– Tactical radio lifespans– Capabilities of radio platforms– Deployment cost
Deployment of new standards
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• But if we don’t ……
Widespread deployment of new standards is hindered by the cost of replacing radio platforms. Reconfigurable radio systems remove many of those limitations.
Military and civil environments
Military CivilCustomer base Limited, govt WidespreadUser reqs of radio Varied Fairly staticEquipment lifetime 20 years < 2 yearsEquipment cost High Low
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Equipment cost High LowDevelopment time 2-10 years MonthsSecurity Government Maybe someRadio platforms Varied LimitedTesting National or Intl. Commercial
Civil and military radio systems historically have different characteristics
SCIP: A three basket standards model
SCIP-210
SCIP-231* SCIP-232
Stanag 4591 G.729D Application
Signalling
Cryptographic NR
Secret
Natl-XXX
ProtectedPrivacy
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SCIP-231* SCIP-232
SCIP-121* SCIP-120
GSM IP PSTN ISDN
Cryptographic Suite
Key Management Plan
Networks
Natl-XXX
Natl-XXX
Systems may utilize standards from different sources, public standards for non-sensitive functions plus non-public or controlled standards for more sensitive functions.
• Radio spectrum is finite – Hard limit on throughput available into a deployed
operation and between mobile units.
• Spectrum is used for many purposes– Civil and military– Communications, Sensors, C-IED, ELINT …
Radio Spectrum
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– Communications, Sensors, C-IED, ELINT …
• NATO must maximise use of available spectrum– Efficient applications and proxies – Coordinated spectrum management– Spectrum sharing
• Maximise spectrum use
• Spectrum sharing• White space
• React to policies and usage reports of other nodes
• Trust information
CR and Security
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• Adapt to local / national regulations and usage
• Trust information which drives radio performance
Cognitive radio offers benefits but is open to additional threats
• Future operations rely on information– Standards for information, applications & wired networks
• Future operations rely on mobility– Interoperable radio comms essential
• Waveform designs are being realised
Summary
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• Waveform designs are being realised – NBWF, HDR WF
• Spectrum availability and effective spectrum exploitation will be crucial
• Implementation and deployment of new functionality is necessary – RRS is an enabler for this