recent advances in nano drug delivery systems
DESCRIPTION
drug delivery systems using nanotechnologyTRANSCRIPT
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RECENT ADVANCES IN NANO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
M ROSHINI
13PN02
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Targetted Drug Delivery
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Nano Drug-delivery
• Nanomedicine uses nanoscale technologies (≤100 nm) for the diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention of diseases
• It includes sustained delivery of Therapeutic Agents, Targeted Delivery Of DrugsReduced Side Effects
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Drug delivery carriers
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Nanoparticles in drug delivery
• Metal-based nanoparticles – Au, Ag, Cd-Se, Zn-S etc
• Lipid-based nanoparticles – Liposome & Neosome based….
• Polymer-based nanoparticles – Dendrimer,chitosen Micelle based…
• Biological nanoparticles – RGD based…
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Metal based nanoparticles
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Gold Nanoparticles
• Plasmonic Vesicles of Amphiphilic Gold Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly and External-Stimuli-Triggered Destruction
• Plasmonic vesicular nanostructures assembled from amphiphilic gold nanocrystals with mixed polymer brush coatings.
• Analogous to block copolymers,the disruption of the plasmonic vesicles can be triggered by stimulus mechanisms
• The development of multifunctional vesicles containing stimuli-responsive polymers applications in theragnostic nanomedicine
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Self-Assembly and External-Stimuli-Triggered Destruction
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Thermal ablation of cancer cells by ‘Silica-gold’ nano shells
• Thermal ablation of cancer cells by nanoshells coated with metallic layer and by applying an external energy source to kill them
• Gold nps absorb light in the near infra red region becomes hot and can kill the cells in their proximity
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Lipid based nps
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Liposomes
• Liposomes are small spherical vesicles, composed of lipid bilayers surrounding aqueous inner phase.
• Reservoir (i.e) Bilayers - hydrophobic drugs and inner aqueous phase - hydrophilic drugs
• Liposomes -ocular drug delivery• Encapsulation of idoxuridine into liposomes increased the corneal penetration of
the drug• Variety of biomaterials for ocular drug delivery including
polymeric nanoparticles dendrimers hydrogels
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Lipid Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
• Major problem with IV administration of colloidal particles is interaction with reticulo-endothelial system (RES)
• Any foreign material, biological response to administered nanoparticle, coated by proteins called opsonins, enhance uptake of coated material by RES
• Opsonins on particle surface creates a “molecular signature” recognized by immune cells
• Lipid nanoparticles engineered to evade RES cells by limiting particle sizes to 200 nm or less.
• It is believed that these cells do not recognise low nanometer-sized particles as foreign.
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Drug Delivery To BBB
• The BBB is single layer of endothelial cells in inner surfaces of capillaries in the brain
• The endothelial cells fit tightly together and substances cannot pass out of the bloodstream
• The mechanism for transport is endocytosis • Endothelial cells with lipoprotein receptor transports the lipoprotein with
nanoparticle from the blood plasma.
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Polymer based nps
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Polymeric Nanoparticles On Drug Delivery
• Polymeric nps from natural and synthetic polymers have stability and ease of surface modification
• Polymeric materials-biocompatible and biodegradable • The polysaccharides polymeric materials to prepare nps for drug delivery. • Biodegradable nanoparticles
nanocapsulenanosphere
• The drug molecules are either entrapped inside or adsorbed on the surface.
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Chitosan Carrier In Nano Drug Delivery System
• Chitosan (CS) is abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide• Chitosan is made of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit)
and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit) • It is produced by deacetylation of chitin extracted from shells of crabs, shrimps and krill. • Chitosan attracted as
Matrix for controlled release due to its reactive functionalities Easily degradation by enzymes Non-toxic degradation products
• Hydrophobic interactions enhance stability of substituted CS by reducing hydration of matrix ,resisting degradation by gastric enzymes
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Polymeric Nanoparticles On Drug Delivery
Chemical Structure Of Chitosan
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Biological nanoparticles
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TREATING CANCER WITH NANOPARTICLES
• Cancer therapeutics,chemotherapy serious side effects –Devastation of healthy tissueSome cancerous tissue survives after radiation
• Nanoparticles -targeted drug delivery systems • Nps with UV-sensitive proteins,assemble with drug and cancer cell-
targeting protein fragment when exposed to UV.• Nanoparticle-drug complex that specifically attaches to cancerous cells.
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Reference
• [1] Maeda, H., Wu, J., Sawa, T., Matsumura, Y., and Hori, K. (2000) Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review. J. Controlled Release 65, 271-84.
• [2] Palmer, T. N., Caride, V. J., Caldecourt, M. A., Twickler, J., and Abdullah, V. (1984) The mechanism of liposome accumulation in infarction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 797, 363-8.
• [3] Jaracz, S., Chen, J., Kuznetsova, L. V., and Ojima, I. (2005) Recent advances I tumortargeting anticancer drug conjugates. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 13, 5043-54.
• [4] Torchilin, V. P. (2004) Targeted polymeric micelles for delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 61, 2549-59.
• [5] Gabizon, A., Shmeeda, H., Horowitz, A. T., and Zalipsky, S. (2004) Tumor cell targeting of liposome-entrapped drugs with phospholipid- anchored folic acid-PEG conjugates. AdV. Drug DeliVery ReV.56, 1177-92.
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Thank you!!!