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Recent Advances in Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures Research
France – US Workshop on Nano Bio TechnologiesMarch 2-3, 2006Washington, DC
Dimitris C. Lagoudas, Institute DirectorDaniel C. Davis, Director of Operations
Texas Institute for Intelligent Bio-NanoMaterials and Structures for Aerospace Vehicles
NASA & NanotechnologyUniversity Research, Engineering& Technology Institutes (URETIs)
Bio-Inspired Design and Processing of Multi-Functional
Nano-Composites (BIMat)
Institute for Nanoelectronicsand Computing (INAC)
• Design and modeling of hierarchically structured materials capable of bio-sensing catalysis and self-healing
• Develop fundamental knowledge and enabling technologies in: ultradensememory, ultraperformance devices, integrated sensors, and adaptive systems
•Nat’l Inst. Aerospace
•Northwestern•U of NC
•Princeton•UCSB
• Texas A&M• Cornell • UCSD
• Northwestern• U of Fl
• Purdue• Yale
URETIs
Center for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration (CMISE)
Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures for Aerospace Vehicles (TiiMS)
• Basic and applied research in the integration of sensing, computing, actuation and communication in smart materials
• Bio-informatics for the development of new, scalable nano-technologies in sensors, actuators and energy sources
• Ariz. St • UCI
• UCLA• CIT
• U of T-A• U of Houston
• Texas Southern• Prairie View A&M
• Texas A&M• Rice
Mission of TiiMS
Catalyze the academic community to significantly enhance the education of the next generation of aerospace professionals.
Advance emerging bio-nano science and technologies that will be implemented in adaptive, shape controllable, intelligent micro and macro structures for next generation aircraft and space systems.
UNIVERSITY PARTICIPANTSUniversity of Texas
at Arlington
Texas A&M University
University of Houston
RiceUniversity
Texas Southern University
Prairie View A&M University
Advisory BoardM. O’Neill, Chair
Lockheed Martin
Research OfficersK. Bennett, Director
Texas Engineering Experiment Station
R. Ewing, VP for ResearchTexas A&M University
NASA Headquarters LiaisonM. Dastoor
Washington, D.CInstitute DirectorD. Lagoudas
Texas A&M University NASA Program LiasonK. Belvin
NASA - LangleyDirector of Operations
D. DavisTexas Engineering Experiment Station
Prairie View A&MS. Lin,
Associate Director
R. Wilkins
U.T. – ArlingtonW. Kirk
Rice UniversityJ. Tour
Associate Director
E. BarreraN. Halas
R. SmalleyB. Yakobson
A. MeadeS. Nagarajaiah
Texas A&M Univ.
J. WhitcombJ. Boyd
Z. OunaiesA. Rice-Ficht
R. CrooksH. Bayley
M. AndrewsO. Reginiotis
J. ValasekJ. Junkins
Texas Southern Univ.O. Jejelowo
Associate Director
J. ClementR. Govindarajan
Y. ChenK. Grigoriadis
P. SharmaR. Krishnamoorti
R. LeeM. Pettitt
L. Wheeler
Univ. of HoustonD. ZimmermanAssociate Director
TiiMS Administration
DimitrisDimitris LagoudasLagoudasInstitute DirectorInstitute Director
Daniel DavisDaniel DavisOperations DirectorOperations Director
Advisory BoardM. O’Neill (Chair)
Lockheed Martin
Institute DirectorD. Lagoudas
Texas A&M Univ.
NASA Technical LiasonT. Gates
NASA-Langley
Chief ScientistJ. Tour, RU
D. Davis, TAMUE. Barrera, RU
J. Clement, TSUD. Lagoudas, TAMU
J. Valasek, TAMUR. Wilkins, PVAMUK. Grigoriadis, UH
W. Kirk, UTA
Chief EngineerJ. Junkins, TAMU
FunctionalizedNanomaterials
MultifunctionalMaterial Systems
MultiscaleModeling
Biomaterials& Devices
IntelligentSystems
Education& Outreach
E. Barrera, RUR. Krishnamoorti, UH
R. Lee, UHR. Smalley, RU
J. Tour, RUR. Wilkins, PVAMU
J. Boyd, TAMUY. Chen,UH
D. Davis, TAMUN. Halas, RUW. Kirk, UTA
D. Lagoudas, TAMUZ. Ounaies, TAMU
B. Yakobson, RUM. Pettitt, UH
P. Sharma, UHL. Wheeler, UH
J. Whitcomb, TAMU
A. Rice-Ficht, TAMU
M. Andrews, TAMUH. Bayley, TAMUJ. Clement, TSUR. Crooks, TAMU
R. Govindarajan, TSUO. Jejelowo, TSU
D. Zimmerman, UH
Adaptive ControlK. Grigoriadis, UHJ. Junkins, TAMU
A. Meade, RUS. Nagarajaiah, RU
Systems IntegrationS. Lin, PVAMU
O. Rediniotis, TAMUJ. Valasek, TAMU
Chief Engineer and Chief Scientist
Dr. John JunkinsChief Engineer
Dr. James M. TourChief Scientist
In MemorialProfessor Richard E. Smalley
Rice University
Chief ScientistCo-Principal Investigator
TiiMS Institute
Research and Education Thrust Areas
Intelligent Aerospace
Vehicle
Multifunctional Composite
Functionalized Dispersed
Carbon Nanotubes
Single Wall Cross-linked
Carbon Nanotubes
Functionalized Single Wall
Carbon Nanotube
Research Challenge: Bridging the Length Scales - fromNanomaterials to Aerospace Systems
10-10m 102m
Research Thrust: Functionalized Nanomaterials
Research Activities:• Nanotube purification,
functionalization, separation and dispersion.
• Strength and toughness of organic and inorganic nanocomposites.
• Polymeric nanocomposites for multifunctional use with improved conductivity properties.
• Studying multifunctionality of nanocomposites
Nanostructures: 100 times stronger than steel at 1/6 the weight.
Barrera, Krishnomoorti, Lee, Lagoudas, Wilkins, Ounaies
Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites
a. high strength carbon fiber
b. ceramicc. elastomeric d. structural and radiation
protection
Tour, Barrera, Smalley
Production and functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
a. multifunctional CNTb. electrically tunable CNT c. self-healing of
nanocompositesd. other URETI uses
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group A
Functionalized Nanomaterials
Functionalized NanomaterialsLiBr
PS PS TMS
n-BuLi
THF
Styrene
THF
TMSCl
THF-
Process for sidewall initiated polymerization
Functionalized nanotubes
dispersed in a polymer
Functionalized unropedseparated nanotubes to enable structural enhancements
Boyd, Lagoudas, Junkins, Valasek, Rediniotis, Halas, Barrera
Integration of nanocomposites into morphing wing & multifunctional space structure. (Beginning Year 3)
Barrera, Lagoudas, Boyd, Krishnamoorti, Davis, Ounaies
Critical testing and characterization for aerospace use of nanocomposites
Barrera, Krishnamoorti
Process Development by integration & hybrids and scale-up of materials fabrication (Beginning Year 4)
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group A
Functionalized Nanomaterials
Functionalized Nanomaterials (Cont)
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
00.350.751.5
wt % SWNT
Stor
age
Mod
ulus
b TG' (
dyne
s/cm
2 )
aTω (rad/sec) [T
o = 170oC]
PS152K + Functionalized SWNT
Rheological methods for dispersion
quantification
Improved mechanical properties in SWCNT –reinforced elastromer
0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
C o n t r o l ( NoS W NT a t
C a r d e r o c k )
No S W NT F- S W NT S ila n e - S W NT S W NT - Br A lly - S W NT S W NT
Fo r m u la t io n (0 .1 w t% S W N T s )
Shor
t Bea
m S
hear
Str
engt
h (P
si)
F irs t-run(3 -0 4 )S e c o nd -R un(6 -0 4 )
Significant enhancements w/low NT concentrations
Z-axis strength
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 200 400 600 800
Control (0 wt % SWNT)Specimen with 0.7 wt % SWNT
Stre
ss (P
si)
Strain (%)
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Reinforced PPF polymer with Functionalized SWNTs
0
200
400
600
800
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1400
Flex
ural
Mod
ulus
(MPa
)
0
10
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70
Flex
ural
Str
engt
h (M
Pa)
PPF 0.1% Pristine SWNTs / PPF 0.1% Functionalized SWNTs / PPF
Sidewall functionalization
(J. Tour, E. Barrera, R. Smalley, @Rice)
Poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocomposites using Surfactants
350
450
550
650
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
MeasuredFit to Halpin - Tsai
Com
pres
sive
Mod
ulus
(G in
MP
a)
wt % SWNT
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
PCLPCL + 0.05 wt % SWNT
Stre
ss (M
Pa)
Strain (%)
Non-Covalent Polymer Wrapping Non-Covalent Surfactant Adsorption
(R. Lee, R. Krishnamoorti @ UH)
Elastomeric Reinforcement (Siloxane) by Functionalized SWNTs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 200 400 600 800
Control (0 wt % SWNT)Specimen with 0.7 wt % SWNT
Stre
ss (P
si)
Strain (%)
Tensile testing Composition dependence
J. Tour, Rice U.; R. Krishnamoorti, U. Houston;C. Dyke, NanoComposites Inc.,
0
2
4
6
8
10
1
3
5
7
9
0 2 4 6 8
Normalized Tensile Modulus
Elongation at Break
Nor
mal
ized
Ten
sile
Mod
ulus
Elon
gatio
n at
Bre
ak
wt % SWNT
T = 30 oCRK
Technology licensed, being commercialized for annular blowout preventers (BOPs), elastomers enduring up to 20,000 psi with 90” ODs
HO(CH2)10
O
Tour
TiiMS Research Leads to New Nanotechnology Companies
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Control (NoSWNT at
Carderock)
No SWNT F-SWNT Silane-SWNT SWNT-Br Ally-SWNT SWNT
Formulation (0.1wt% SWNTs)
Shor
t Bea
m S
hear
Str
engt
h (P
si)
First-run(3-04)Second-Run(6-04)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 200 400 600 800
Control (0 wt % SWNT)Specimen with 0.7 wt % SWNT
Stre
ss (P
si)
Strain (%)
NanoRidge Materials, Inc.Houston, TXCEO: Chris LundbergCTO: Enrique BarreraInitial funding raisedFour initial projects forNASA, DOD, and a a polymer Co.Licensed key IP
NanoComposites, LLCHouston, TXCEO: Barry DraysonCTO: Chris DykeCTAdvisor: James TourInitial funding raisedKey project with HydrilLicensed key IP
NASA URETI research and Nanotubes from Richard Smalley that lead to commercial work and real revenue for two start-up companies.
~50% Improvement in Z-axis properties for composites currently being sold.
Three times the strength increase in rubber. An Oil Field o-ring that was shown at the Offshore Technology Conference in Houston, TX.
0.1 wt.% SWNT Loadings
Red-First runBlue-Second Run
Sho
rt be
am s
hear
stre
ngth
(PS
I)
VARTM usedto make largecomponents.
Microwaveprocessing gives a new approach.
Research Thrust: Multifunctional Material Systems
Research Activities:• Multifunctional materials and
systems at nano – micro –meso - macro physical length scales.
• Experimental validations of hierarchical material models for structural, electrical, and thermal functionality.
• Integrate porous SMAs into smart structures relevant to multifunctional lightweight space applications and shape control of morphing wings.
• Life assessment of multi-functional nanocomposite materials and structures.
current collector
electrode
electrode separator
current collector
Collapsible Cellular Structure with NiTi cells, using Pseudoelasticity Effect for Impact Absorption
MEMS Piezoceramic Actuators for Epidermis Shape Control
Turbulent Drag Reducing Epidermiswith Embedded Nanotube Skin Friction Sensors
Supercapacitorfor Powering the PiezoceramicActuators
Davis, Chen, Ounaies, Boyd, Lagoudas, Hadjiev
Experimentally validate hierarchical material models for stiffness, strength, fracture toughness, power, thermal conductivity, and shape memory effects (Began Year 2)
Boyd, Ounaies, Chen
Produce supercapacitors, porous shape memory alloys, and other devices and materials
Boyd, Whitcomb, Chen, Lagoudas
Develop hierarchical material models for supercapacitors, porous SMAs, and other devices and materials
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group B
Multifunctional Materials Systems
Multifunctional Material Systems
Proposed Multifunctional
Structural Supercapacitors
Design using SWCNTs
Electro-magneto-elastic Composite Materials
A
B
NiTi sample showing electric current induced
bonding between particles
Barrera, Ounaies, Halas
Develop nanocomposites applicable for stress sensing and other multifunctional capabilities using nanotubes, other nano-inclusions and nanoshells(Beginning Year 4)
KirkProduce hybrid solid state materials for integrated intelligent systems
Boyd, Lagoudas, Chen, Ounaies
Integrate supercapacitors, porous shape memory alloys, and other devices and materials into multifunctional structural components (Beginning Year 4)
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group B
Multifunctional Materials Systems
Multifunctional Material Systems (Cont)
Optics at thenanoscale !
Nanoshells for nanophotonics: Stress sensing, biomedical, new sensors
Eutectic Alloy Nanowires
Actuation Characteristics of Multifunctional Materials
CarbonNanotubes
Based on Original Graph by Don Leo, VPI
ElectroactiveCeramics
Shape MemoryAlloys (SMAs)
Ionic / ElectronicConducting Polymers
I-PVDF
10-2
100
102
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
5 J/m350 J/m3 500 J/m3 5 kJ/m3 50 kJ/m3
500 kJ/m3
5 MJ/m3
50 MJ/m3
I-PVDF
Actuation Strain (%)
Act
uatio
n St
ress
(MPa
)
DielectricElastomer
Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MSMA)
Capabilities for synthesis and fabrication of:•Thin film•Non-woven mats•Nanofiber•Bulk films
Multifunctional Materials:Electric field-driven anisotropic dispersion of nanoparticles in thin filmsChange of property with designed-in anisotropyPolymer in liquid formNanoparticles: Carbon nanotubes, exfoliated graphite oxide, graphite, ceramic particles
Characterization and TestingFabrication
Modeling and Simulation
Active Nanocomposite Materials for Multifunctional ApplicationsActive Nanocomposite Materials for Multifunctional Applications
CCD
•Electromechanical coupling characterization•Nanoparticle-polymer interaction by spectroscopy, FTIR, HRSEM, AFM, and XRD•Static and dynamic mechanical characterization•Thermal characterization
•Effective media approach•Thermodynamically-based constitutive modeling for multifunctional materials
Extensive CharacterizationCapabilities in:
EFEFFunction GeneratorFunction Generator
100μmOscilloscopeOscilloscopeOscilloscope
5 μm5 μm5 m
5 μm5 μm5 μm
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
th ickness stra in fo r 0% and 0 .1% SWN T in (b -CN)A/O at 10 Hz
out-o
f-pla
ne s
train
(%)
E (MV/m )
0.1%SW NT
0.0%S W NT
d33=6 pm/V
Polymer Nanocomposites as Sensors and Actuators
Aligned and PatternedComposites
1589
1589
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
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19000
Int
1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 Raman shift (cm-1)
PerpendicularParallel
Bending Electrostriction Enhanced Piezoelectricity
Random Composites: Bending Electrostriction
+ -++ -- + + +-- -
++ ++ ++-- -- --
-+ --++
No SWNT
0.1 wt% SWNT
Strain Vs Electric Field for different SWNT concentrations
Electric Field (MV/m)
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40
Stra
in (m
m/m
m)
0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0.0012
0.1% SWNT
2% SWNT1% SWNT
Monolayer Bending as a unimorph
0 V 1 V 2 V 3 V
d33=20 pm/V
Fabrication and Characterization metallic (Bi, Sn, Pb-Bi) nanowires
metal
Al
P- mechanical - electrical
Single crystal Nanowires: for interconnects, & sensors
Challenges
Manipulationfor integration with nano- and micro-
devices
Hydraulic Injection method – cost effective method suitable for low melting metals and alloys with stochiometriccomposition
Anodic Aluminum Oxide template
Pb-Bi Pb-Bi
CharacterizationWell ordered pores from low purity Al
60nm diameter, 10μm long
60nm diameter and 10μm long nanowire
Size-dependent – Coupled
Physical and Mechanical Behavior
Coupling to Opto-
electronic Properties of
Quantum Dots
Stresses and strains
in nano-inclusions
Nanocompositeand
Multifunctional Thin Films
Defects and impact on
optoelectronic and
mechanical properties
ε
Quantum Dots
Pradeep Sharma @ UH
Research Thrust: Biomaterials and Devices
Research Activities: • Integrate nanomaterials and
biomaterials into multifunctional devices.
• Produce novel biomaterials (protein composites) with sealants and adhesives for structural self-healing.
• Develope Continuous Mixer for high shear mixing of SWNT and Bio-fluids.
• Investigate the toxicology of SWNT and nanocomposites.
Bio-Chemical Agent Sensors
Biomaterial and Devices
Jejelowo, CrooksDevelop bio-chemical sensors
Clement, Ramesh, Jejelowo
Toxicology and human health
BayleyDevelop stochastic sensing with membrane proteins, functionalized carbon nanotubes (Began in Year 2)
Andrews, FichtDevelop multifunctional devices that use catecholicproteins and abductin as sealants, adhesives, and structures (Beginning Year 4)
Ficht, AndrewsCharacterize and produce (natural elastomeric abductin) proteins)
a.Produce chimeric genesb.Produce catecholic
proteins
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group CBiomaterials and Devices
Biopolymers as Dispersing Agent
Development of a hand-held biosensor for analysis of DNA and proteins
2 μm3500 x
Micro-encapsulation of self-healing materials
Design and Construction of a Stochastic Sensing Element Based on the α-hemolysin Protein Pore
αHL-(M113FK147N)7 R
S
-8 -6 -4 -2 00.00
0.05
0.10
Nor
mal
ized
Cou
nt (N
)
Amplitude (pA)
-8 -6 -4 -2 00.00
0.05
0.10
Nor
mal
ized
Cou
nt (N
)
Amplitude (pA)
-8 -6 -4 -2 00.00
0.05
0.10
Nor
mal
ized
Cou
nt (N
)
Amplitude (pA)
01
3 ms RS
R
S0
-20
0
-20
Level 0: βCD,Level 1: S-thalidomide, Level 2: R-thalidomide.
0oC20oC40oC60oC80oC100oC
α-HL, β-CD analyte.
0
-20
02
0
12
• A novel a-hemolysin mutant pore, αHL-(M113FK147N)7 has been designed that is stable and functional at temperatures up to 100°C. •The single-molecule nanopore chiral sensor at elevated temperatures might have important applications in exobiology andspacecraft.
a b c
Xiaofeng Kang, Stephen Cheley and Hagan Bayley @TAMU
High Temperature Protein Nanopore Sensor
Research Thrust: Multiscale Modeling
Research Activities:
• Theoretical and computational modeling of nanotube-polymeric molecular architectures and nanocomposites.
• Computational tools and methods to bridge the various length scales.
Multiscale Modeling Strategy
Multiscale Modeling
Yakobson, Pettitt, Whitcomb, Wheeler, Sharma
Materials and Property Simulation
YakobsonBiominetics - Develop quantitative hierarchical models of the mechanical properties of cytoskeleton, with special attention to mimicking tensegrity.
Pettitt, Whitcomb, Wheeler, Yakobson, Sharma
Develop hierarchical modeling tools from nano to macro scales that will allow multifunctionality to be designed into various length scales
PI’s InvolvedMultiscale Modeling
Research Thrust Objectives/Deliverables
Defects in carbon nanotubes
Si1-zMeznanowires
c3t9 Stable c3t8 Collapsing
Design and testing of biominetic molecular tensegrity structures
DNA strand diffusing in salty water on an organically functionalized surface
SWCNT Composite Idealization and Associated Length Scales
Graded Interphase Microscale CNT Bundle Scale CNT Scale
Interphase RegionsRandomly Oriented Bundles In-Plane Clustering in Bundles
Characterization and Modeling of SWCNT Toughened CarbonFiber Composites
Interphase Region with Graded Material Properties (due to varying CNT volume fraction)
Fiber-Graded Interphase Scale
Composite Laminate Scale
Carbon Fiber
Lamina Microscale
Macroscale Composite
Fabrication, Characterization and Modeling of Nanocomposites
Multiscale Modeling
Amnaya Awasthi (TAMU)Sarah Frankland (NIA)
Tom Clancy (NIA)
Jiang Zhu (RICE)Piyush Thakre (TAMU)
Atomistics
Piyush Thakre (TAMU)Helen Herring (NASA)
Victor Hadjiev (UH)
Co-ordinatorsDr. T. Gates (NASA)Dr. E. Barrera (RICE)Dr. D. Lagoudas (TAMU)
Fabrication and Characterization
Micromechanics
Macromechanics
Gary Seidel (TAMU)Sarah Frankland (NIA)Dan Hammerand (SNL)
John Whitcomb (TAMU)Jaret Riddick (NIA)
Fabrication
Characterization
Functionalization Jiang Zhu (RICE)
Collaborators: Dr. D. Davis (TAMU), Dr. Z. Ounaies (TAMU)
Research Thrust: Intelligent Systems
Research Activities• Develop sophisticated
integrated engineered materials, sensing, and actuation systems with high strength-to-weight ratios.
• Develop autonomous control system designs with the robustness, intelligence and adaptability to accommodate distributed and hierarchical (multiscale) sensing and actuation.
Survivability:Distributed Nervous System Self-Healing Systems
Strong, Lightweight:Integral Wing-BodyStructure
Morphing: Continuous Optimal Shape control
Intelligent Systems
Rediniotis, Valasek, Zimmerman, Junkins
Hierarchical functional coding algorithms (Beginning in Year 4)
Junkins, Meade, Valasek, Zimmerman, Nagarajaiah
Rules-Based Decision Theory & Fault Detection(Began in Year 3)
Junkins, Meade, Zimmerman, Nagarajaiah
Artificial Neural Networks
Valasek, Zimmerman,Nagarajaiah, Lin, Grigoriadis
Structured Adaptive Control
Rediniotis, Valasek, Lin, Junkins, Nagarajaiah
Macro-modeling and validation (Began in Year 2)
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group D Intelligent Systems
Adaptive structural space test-bed development
SJA Flow Separation Control
Without Actuation
With Actuation
Intelligent Systems (Cont)
Integration of nanocomposites into morphing wing & multifunctional space structure (Beginning in Year 4)
Rediniotis, Lin, Junkins
Reconfigurable Smart Wing Experiment (Began in Year 2)
Rediniotis, Junkins, Lin
Drag and separation control(Began in Year 2)
Junkins, Valasek, Zimmerman
Adaptive mission planner(Began in Year 3)
Junkins, Rediniotis, Valasek
Adaptive shape control of reconfigurable structures(Began in Year 3)
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group D Intelligent Systems
Morphing wing with CNT elastomer
Desired TrajectoryDesired Trajectory Control DistributionAdaptiveController
Embedded Actuators
Modeling and Control of High Dimensioned Systems
0 100 200 300 400 5000
5
Volta
ge(V
)
0 100 200 300 400 5000200400
Tem
p (C
)
0 100 200 300 400 500012
Time (sec)
Stra
in
0 50 100 1500
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Temperature (Degrees Celsius)
Stra
in
SMA Hysteresis Curve
0 50 100 1500
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 50 100 1500
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1SMA Hysteresis Curve SMA Hysteresis Curve
Stra
in
Stra
in
Temperature (Degrees Celsius)0 50 00 50Temperature (Degrees Celsius)
500 ACTIONS1000 ACTIONS 1500 ACTIONS
Graphs show that over the course of experience, Reinforcement Learning can determine how to get to a specific position via applied voltage, and the hysterisis behavior.
Learning the Hysteresis Behavior and Position Voltage Relationship Numerically
Artificial Intelligence forCharacterization of Shape Memory Alloy Materials
John Valasek @ TAMU
Biologically Inspired Systems: Enabling Aircraft and Spacecraft to Morph
Original Research that Combines Traditional Control and Intelligent Control:• Structured Adaptive Model Inversion Control (SAMI)
– Flight controller to handle wide variation in dynamicproperties due to shape change
• Machine Learning– Learns the optimal shape at every flight condition
in real-time
Control Theory for Autonomous, Intelligent, Robust, and AdaptiveSystems Comparable to Flying Birds
2-D Plate Rectangular Block Ellipsoid Delta Wing Final2003 2004 2005 2006 Objective
Morphing: Continuous Optimal Shape Control
Progress in Morphing Control and Simulation
John Valasek @ TAMU
NASA Relevance
Examples of collaborations:• LaRC: Computational Methods / Modeling
/Characterization /Nanomaterials• LaRC: Multifunctional Material Systems• LaRC: Integrated Tailored Aerospace Structures
(ITAS)• LaRC: Sensors and Biomaterials• LaRC/JSC: Vehicle Health Monitoring• LaRC/JSC: Platform Nanomaterials / Composites /
Components• Ames: Biomaterials /Thermal Protection Systems /
Multiscale Modeling
TiiMS has developed strong collaborations with NASA Centers
Education and Outreach
Major Objectives:• Train the next generation of
aerospace engineers and scientists.• Increase the number of engineers
and scientists from under-represented groups.
• Introduce nano-science and engineering to K-12 schools through established and emerging education programs.
• Provide professional development opportunities for K-12 educators focusing on nanoscience and engineering initiatives.
• Provide training to students and educators in interdisciplinary education in science, mathematics, and engineering.
Undergraduate Student Design
“The majority of the Institute’s budget will be spent on education.”
Undergraduates in Research –2005
Brian Hrycushko miniaturizing micro-SQUIDsRoss McLendon investigating dragon fly wing structure
Brent Volk characterizing high temperature SMAs Natalie Cygan fabricating protein nanocomposites
Undergraduates in Research –2005
Justin Maddox characterizing PVDF for bio applications Marquita Bradshaw characterizing dendrimer encapsulated Co
Toren Watson finding the flexural properties of Epon 862
Field Trips• NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC)
in Houston, Texas• The Zyvex Corporation
in Richardson, Texas• The University of Texas at Dallas
in Richardson, Texas• The Lockheed-Martin Corporation
in Fort Worth, TexasREU students in front of an F-16 at Lockheed Martin
In front of mock shuttleNanotechnology Presentation
TiiMS 3rdAnnual Review - Poster Session - 2005
Mrs. Magdalini Lagoudas Jessica Fichuk
Brent VolkJustin MaddoxDaniel Ayewah
Nicholas ShaverDr. Boris Yakobson
Poster presentations can be seen at: tiims.tamu.edu/2005summerREU/presentations.html
REU Student Research Poster Prize Winners!!
TiiMS 3rd Annual Review - Poster Session - 2005
Marquita Bradshaw
Marquita Bradshaw won 1st place in Biomaterials and Devices and 1st place Overall
Holly FeldmanDr. Valasek
Holly Feldman won 3rd place in Intelligent Systems
Angela CarpenterJessica Fichuk
Jessica Fichuk won 1st place in Intelligent Systems
European Union United KingdomFranceSwedenAustriaSpainItalyGreeceRussia
European Union United KingdomFranceSwedenAustriaSpainItalyGreeceRussia
International Collaborations -Europe
Russia
Summary• TiiMS consists of six thrust areas with strong interfaces.• There is strong collaboration in research and education
amongst the 6 institutions and 32 co-PIs• TiiMS has developed collaborations with NASA Centers,
national laboratories and industry.• TiiMS is supporting and educating a significant number of
students (pre-college, undergraduate, graduate) and post docs.• The co-PIs are integrating bio-nanotechnologies into their
courses and implementing curricular changes.• Significant research advances have been achieved in the areas:
– Functionalized nanomaterials– Multifunctional materials– Biomaterials and devices
– Multiscale modeling– Intelligent systems