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Conservation of Momentum

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Page 1: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

The Law of Conservation of Momentum

Page 2: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

Recall Newton’s 3rd Law: For every action force

there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces for the same amount of time then their impulses…

Δp = Fnett…must be equal and opposite.

Page 3: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

Ex: A cue ball is traveling with a momentum of 5 kgm/s east and strikes the 8 ball. If the cue ball comes to a stop what is the change in momentum on the cue ball? How about on the 8 ball?

Before After

Page 4: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

Ex. A clown is stuck on a sheet of frictionless ice. He hurls one of his clown shoes with momentum of 80 kgm/s east. What is his momentum before and after he throws his shoe?

Before After

Page 5: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

Ex: A fullback is traveling to the right with a momentum of 120 kgm/s while a linebacker is traveling to the left with a momentum of 110 kgm/s. If they stick together, what is their total momentum before and after they collide?

Before After

Page 6: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

The Law of Conservation of Momentum: In an isolated system, the total momentum before a collision will equal the total momentum after a collision.

An isolated system means no external, unbalanced forces – e.g. friction.

pi = pf

m1v1i +m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f

Page 7: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

1) When objects don’t stick

Ex:A 35.0-g bullet moving at 475 m/s strikes a 2.5-

kg wooden block. The bullet passes through the block, leaving at 275 m/s. The block was at rest when it was hit. How fast is it moving when the bullet leaves?

Page 8: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

Ex:A 0.25 kg cue ball is traveling east at 4.5 m/s

when it collides head on with a 0.25 kg eight ball traveling west at 5.0 m/s. After the collision the cue ball is traveling west at 2.0 m/s. What is the final velocity of the eight ball?

1) When objects don’t stick

Page 9: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

2) Objects stick together

Ex:A 0.105-kg hockey puck moving at 48 m/s is

caught by a 75-kg goalie at rest. If the ice is frictionless, at what velocity will the goalie slide on the ice after catching the puck?

Page 10: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

Ex:A 35.0-g bullet strikes a 5.0-kg stationary

wooden block and embeds itself in the block. The block and bullet move together at 8.6 m/s. What was the original velocity of the bullet?

2) Objects stick together

Page 11: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

3) Explosion

Ex: A 0.050 kg bullet is fired from a 5.0 kg gun. If

the velocity of the bullet is 275 m/s, what is the recoil velocity of the gun?

Page 12: Recall Newton’s 3 rd Law: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces

Ex: A firecracker sits in a 7.0 kg pumpkin. After it

explodes, the pumpkin splits into two chunks. A 5.0 kg piece travels west at 10.0 m/s. What is the mass and velocity of the other piece? (Ignore the mass of the firecracker)

3) Explosion


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