Vaccines

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Prerequisites for this activity

• Read Chapter 29 Immunology in textbook

• Know the components of a virus (capsid, DNA/RNA, envelope, etc.)

• Understand the process of viral replication (illustrated in infographic 29.1)

• Complete homework/pre-quiz questions about viruses

Pre-class assignment• http://qualtrics.com/research-suite/#academic

Learning goals

By the end of this activity, students will understand:

• The principles behind how vaccination works

• The benefits of vaccination

Learning objectives

By the end of this activity, students will have learned:

• The common components of viruses

• What an antigen is

• How viruses and their components are used to make vaccines

• What primary and secondary antibody responses are and how they are generated during vaccination

ActivitiesClicker question 1

Viruses can replicate only in host cells because they …

A. Do not have the cellular machinery required for replication

B. Need the host cell to synthesize capsid proteinsC. Are pathogensD. A and BE. A, B and C

ActivitiesClicker question 1

Viruses can replicate only in host cells because they …

A. Do not have the cellular machinery required for replication

B. Need the host cell to synthesize capsid proteinsC. Are pathogensD. A and BE. A, B and C

ActivitiesClicker question 2

Identify the correct viral component:A. CapsidB. GlycoproteinC. RNA/DNAD. PolymeraseE. Hemaglutinin

?

ActivitiesClicker question 2

Identify the correct viral component:A. CapsidB. GlycoproteinC. RNA/DNAD. PolymeraseE. Hemaglutinin

?

Activities

Discuss the following questions with your neighbor:

• Based on what you know about viral structure, which components of a virus can be antigens?

• How can this knowledge be used to create vaccines?

Capsid

Glycoprotein

RNA/DNA

Polymerase

Hemaglutinin

Activities

Discuss the following questions with your neighbor:

• Based on what you know about viral structure, which components of a virus can be antigens?

Activities

Discuss the following questions with your neighbor:

• Based on what you know about viral structure, which components of a virus can be antigens?– Glycoproteins– Capsid proteins– Whole virus

(live, killed, attenuated)

Activities

Discuss the following questions with your neighbor:

• Based on what you know about viral structure, which components of a virus can be antigens?– Glycoproteins– Capsid proteins– Whole virus

(live, killed, attenuated)

• How can this knowledge be used to create vaccines?

RabiesHuman papillomavirus (HPV)Hepatitis A, Influenza, MMR

Primary and Secondary Immune Responses

Antigen X(first exposure)

Primary and Secondary Immune Responses

Antigen X(first exposure)

Antigen X(second exposure)

ActivitiesCase Study

Anne received her seasonal flu vaccine. However, her twin sister, Mary, was not inclined to take the flu shot as she felt that she hardly ever got sick. A few days later, Mary developed flu-like symptoms, and a visit to the doctor confirmed that she had influenza. Anne came to check on Mary when she was ill, and a day later, Anne also started showing symptoms of the flu.

1. What reasons could explain why Anne had flu-like symptoms despite receiving the vaccine?

2. If Anne had become ill 45 days following her vaccine, what would this suggest?

3. Was there any benefit in Anne getting the flu vaccine even if she fell ill?

Vaccination Resources

• Instructors: On this slide, include information about where your students can get vaccines on campus or in your city

– Links to university flu shot clinics– Student health websites– Local pharmacies that offer low-cost vaccinations– Link to university travel clinic with information on

required/suggested vaccinations when traveling to foreign countries

Chat Room Discussion

On the class blog or discussion board, post a reply to one of the following discussion questions:

• Why do certain vaccines require booster shots?

• Why is the polio vaccine essential for children?

Answers to Discussion QuestionsA. Persistence of immunity against a particular disease may depend on the

speed with which that disease typically progresses through the body. If a disease progresses very rapidly, the immune system’s memory response (that is, the “watchdog antibodies” generated after a previous infection or vaccination) may not be able to respond quickly enough to prevent infection—unless they’ve been “reminded” about the disease fairly recently and are already watching for it. Boosters serve as a “reminder” to your immune system.

B. Polio: The polio virus attacks nerve cells and destroys them. Since nerve cells do not regenerate like other cells in our body, this can cause permanent damage. Hence it is important for children to receive the polio vaccine.

http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/top-20-questions-about-vaccination