Re-Establish Monarchy, Parliament, EntertainmentCharles II (Son of Charles I)

“Merry Monarch” “Publicly Protestant” “Dirty Little Secret Catholic

1661 Clarendon Codes re-establish Church of England 1672 Test Act exclude anyone from public office who

was not a member of Church of England

1678 banned Catholics from Parliament

Exclusion Bill

attempt to prevent James II from becoming king

WHIGS opposed to James II

TORIES supported James II by “hereditary succession”

1678 Popish Plotattempt by Jesuits to assassinate Charles II

and put James II on throneJames II was a “proud Catholic”led to Exclusion Bill

HABEAS CORPUS BILL• prisoner must be brought before a judge and charged or released– You could not be put in jail without first being charged of a crime

• Whigs agreed to allow James II to become king by signing thisfeared strong kingwanted protection against unfair arrest

Tories offered a compromise

1687 Declaration of Indulgences

• lifted laws against Catholics

English upset but waited patientlyMary (daughter from 1st wife) was heir to English throne

Protestant

JAMES II

Oh CRAP!1688 James II had son with 2nd

wifeby law he would be next monarchFeared he would be CATHOLIC

1688 Parliament asked William and Mary to overthrow James II

James fled without any bloodshedGLORIOUS REVOLUTIONBLOODLESS REVOLUTION

“Glorious” RevolutionWhigs and Tories offered the

throne jointly to William and Mary

Protestants

enemy of Louis XIV of France

Ruled with Parliament in a Limited, Constitutional Monarchy

ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS (1689)

1)Superiority of Parliament over the monarchy2)Required Monarchs to regularly call Parliament3)House of Commons given “Power of the Purse”4)Monarchs no longer suspend laws5)Upheld citizens rights

trial by jury, abolished excessive fines, abolished cruel/unjust punishment, affirmed Habeas Corpus

**SERVED AS MODEL FOR U.S. BILL OF RIGHTS

GROWTH OF CONSTITUTIONAL

GOVERNMENTAct of Succession (1701)No Catholic could become king

Act of Union (1707)united England and Scotland

Catholic Emancipation Act (1829)Catholics allowed back into Parliament

CabinetAdvisorsKing George I (German) – spoke no English

Prime Minister – “head of Cabinet”leader of majority in House of Commonsin time, became more powerful than monarch