raw material dictates all of the product possibilities
TRANSCRIPT
Raw material dictates all of the product possibilities
• Ash impurities inherited
• Density and hardness are linked
• Transport pore structure and adsorption kinetics
• Single unique family of products from a raw material source
Why are Granular Activated Carbon Products Different ?
≠ Lignite
Wood
≠ ≠ Coconut Bituminous Coal
Virgin Carbons • Newly manufactured from
raw materials such as coal
Reactivated Carbons • Two market segments: Drinking water
(DW) and Wastewater (WW)
• DW carbons are closely managed
• Resold to original customer
• Supplemented with virgin
• Housekeeping on WW carbons very poor
• Potential for heavy metals to persist after reactivation
• Should never be used for in situ remediation
Virgin vs. Reactivated Carbon
• Without a treatment mechanism, you risk desorbing one contaminant for another (“rollover”)
• Total organic carbon may also play a role
Initial Spike Equilibrium
Conc. 2nd Spike 1 hr 24 hr
Vial 1 2,000 ppm Xylene (X)
1.42 ppm X
Vial 2 100 ppm Vinyl Chloride (VC)
2.42 ppm VC 2,000 ppm X 8.38 ppm VC 10.40 ppm X
16.29 ppm VC
1.61 ppm X
Activated Carbon Rollover
Activated Carbon
• Relative adsorption strength increases with molecule complexity • Multi-cyclic > Mono-cyclic > Aliphatic
• Double bond > Single Bond
• Chlorinated > Non-Chlorinated
Benzene (ppm)
Capacity (mg/gm)
10 40
1 1
0.1 0.03
0.01 0.0007
Ethylbenzene (ppm)
Capacity (mg/gm)
10 325
1 53
0.1 8.5
0.01 1.4
Analysis Showed
• RPI Activated Carbon - 58 wt% Diesel
• Each gram contained – 0.61 gms carbon and 0.35 gms Diesel
• Wood Based Carbon – 29 wt% Diesel
• Each gram contained 0.7 gms carbon and 0.2 gms Diesel
The CARBON cleans the GW the BUGS
CLEAN the Carbon
Industry Said: the BUGS
Are Too Big
10
Diesel Bench Photo
Showing extensive
Biofilm Formation
and Gas Generation
12
y = -0.8471x + 179.67 R² = 0.9931
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 50 100 150 200
Die
sel F
ue
l (m
g)
Days
Mass Diesel Fuel Remaining (mg) (Activated Carbon + RPI Culture)
Fig 5
13
• Remember NSZD Mass Removal Rate – 2 gms-PSH/m2-day • This becomes 730 gms-PSH/m2-yr
• Mass Removal Rate Estimated from Large Condensate Site • 5,065 gms-PSH/m2-yr Roughly 7 times higher than NSZD
So… How Does it Stack Up
• Previous Site As of June 2018: Out of 20 wells, 3 have measurable NAPL, 5 have benzene below MCL, 8 suggest submerged NAPL
• RPI Group has treated roughly 40 LNAPL sites including Crude Oil, Gasoline, Diesel, Mineral Spirits, Condensate, and paint thinners. About 60% are closed.
• Major Site in Denmark: Baseline - 1 to 5 feet of Petrol in monitor wells, Roughly 5 Years from Pilot, this site just received an NFA.
BOS 200 LNAPL Applications
CAT100 – It’s a conductor – So what?
17
TCE Result
(ug/kg)
Sample Interval
(m)
Soil/Rock
Type
97 10.89 - 10.95 CL
428 11.2 - 11.26 ML
53,760 11.54 - 11.6 CL
25,477,000 11.66 - 11.72 ML
915,300 11.78 - 11.85
CL
193 12.12 - 12.19 ML
ML
Injections are Surgical
TCE Result
(ug/kg)
Sample Interval
(m)
Soil/Rock
Type
97 10.89 - 10.95 CL
428 11.2 - 11.26 ML
53,760 11.54 - 11.6 CL
25,477,000 11.66 - 11.72 ML
915,300 11.78 - 11.85
CL
193 12.12 - 12.19 ML
Observed Carbon Types
• Suspect Carbon
• Specks
• Spots
• Smears
• Even Distribution
• Heavy Distribution
• Vertical Seams
• Horizontal Seams
